ἀρχή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, (v. [[ἄρχω]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[beginning]], [[origin]], νείκεος ἀρχή Il.22.116; πήματος ἀρχή Od.8.81; φόνου ἀρχή 21.4, etc.; opp. [[τέλος]], Hdt.7.51, etc.; opp. [[τελευτή]], Thgn.607, cf. Pl.''Lg.''715e, Hp.''Morb.''1.1; ἀρχὴν [[γενέσθαι]] κακῶν Hdt.5.97; ἀρχὴν ποιήσασθαί τινος Th.1.128, And.2.37, Isoc.12.120, etc.; ἀ. [[λαβεῖν]] τινός Aeschin.1.11; τὰς ἀρχὰς [[εἰληφέναι]] Plb.4.28.3; [[ἀρχὴν ὑποθέσθαι]] = [[lay a foundation]], D.3.2, etc.; [[βαλέσθαι]] Pl.''Ep.''326e (and Pass., ἀρχαὶ βέβληνται Pi.''N.''1.8); ἀρχὴν ἄρχεσθαί τινος Pl.''Ti.''36e; [[source]] of action, [ὁ ἄνθρωπος] ἔχει ἀρχὴν ἐλευθέραν Plot.3.3.4.<br><span class="bld">b</span> with Preps. in adverbial usages, [[ἐξ ἀρχῆς]] = [[from the beginning]], [[from the outset]], [[from the start]], [[from the first]], [[from of old]], Od.1.188, Xenoph.10, etc.; οὑξ ἀρχῆς [[φίλος]] S.''OT''385; ἡ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἔχθρα D.54.3; τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς X.''Cyn.''12.6; but [[πλουτεῖν]] [[ἐξ ἀρχῆς]] πάλιν [[anew]], [[afresh]], Ar.''Pl.''221; λόγον πάλιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀρχῆς [[κινεῖν]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 450a; [[ὁ ἐξ ἀρχῆς λόγος]] the [[original]] [[argument]], Id.''Tht.''177c, etc.; [[τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς]] = the [[principal sum]], Arist.''Pol.''1280a30:—also ἀπ' ἀ. Hes.''Th.''425, Hdt.2.104, Pi.''P.''8.25, A.''Supp.''344, Pl.''Tht.''206d; [[κατ' ἀρχάς]] = [[in the beginning]], [[at first]], Hdt.3.153, 7.5; αὐτίκα κατ' ἀ. Id.8.94; τὸ [[κατ' ἀρχήν]] Pl. ''Lg.''798a, al.<br><span class="bld">c</span> acc. [[ἀρχήν]], abs., [[to begin with]], [[at first]], Hdt. 1.9, 2.28, 8.132; τὴν ἀρχήν And.3.20: pl., τὰς ἀρχάς Plb.16.22.8: freq. followed by a neg., [[not at all]], ἀρχὴν μηδὲ λαβών Hdt.3.39, cf. 1.193, al.; ἀ. δὲ θηρᾶν οὐ πρέπει τἀμήχανα S.''Ant.''92; ἀρχὴν [[κλύειν]] ἂν οὐκ.. ἐβουλόμην Id.''Ph.''1239, cf. ''El.''439, Philol.3, Antipho5.73, Pl. ''Grg.''478c; sometimes c. Art., τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνδέκομαι τὴν ἀρχήν Hdt.4.25; τὴν ἀρχὴν γὰρ ἐξῆν αὐτῷ μὴ [[γράφειν]] D.23.93.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[first principle]], [[element]], first so used by Anaximander, acc. to Simp. ''in Ph.''150.23, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''983b11, etc.; [[Ἡράκλειτος]] τὴν ἀρχὴν εἶναί φησι ψυχήν Id.''de An.''405a25; of [[ὕλη]] and [[θεός]], opp. [[στοιχεῖον|στοιχεῖα]], ''[[Placita Philosophorum|Placit.]]''1.3.25; [[practical]] [[principle]] of [[conduct]], τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις D. 2.10; [[principle]]s of [[knowledge]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''995b8, al.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[end]], [[corner]], of a [[bandage]], [[rope]], [[sheet]], etc., Hdt.4.60, Hp.''Off.''9, E.''Hipp.'' 762, Aen.Tact.18.14, ''Act.Ap.''10.11; of a [[compound]] [[pulley]], Hero ''Bel.''84.14.<br><span class="bld">4</span> Math., [[origin]] of a [[curve]], τῆς ἕλικος Archim.''Spir.'' 11 ''Def.''2, etc.; ξυνὸν γὰρ ἀρχὴ καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας Heraclit. 103.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[branch]] of a [[river]], [[LXX]] ''Ge.''2.10 (pl.).<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[sum]], [[total]], ib.''Nu.''1.2.<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[vital organs]] of the body, Gal.1.318, al.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[first place]] or [[power]], [[sovereignty]] (not in Hom.), Διὸς ἀρχά Pi.''O.''2.64, cf. Hdt.1.6, etc.; γενέσθαι ἐπ' ἀρχῆς Arist.''Pol.''1284b2: metaph., μεγάλην μεντἂν ἀ. εἴης εὑρηκώς, of a [[stroke]] of [[fortune]], D.21.196: pl., ἀρχαὶ πολισσονόμοι A.''Ch.''864 (lyr.); τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σέβων S.''Ant.''744, etc.: c. gen. rei, τῆσδ' ἔχων ἀρχὴν χθονός S.''OT''737; ἀρχὴ τῶν νεῶν, ἀρχὴ τῆς θαλάσσης, [[power over]] them, Th.3.90, X.''Ath.''2.7, etc.: [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἀρχὴ ἄνδρα δείξει]] = [[power]] will [[reveal]] the [[man]] Biasap.[[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1130a1, cf. [[Demosthenes|D.]] ''[[Prooemia|Prooem.]]'' 48; [[method of government]], οὐδὲ τὴν ἄλλην ἀρχὴν [[ἐπαχθής]] Th.6.54.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[empire]], [[realm]], [[Κύρου]], Περδίκκου ἀρχή, Hdt.1.91, Th.4.128, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[magistracy]], [[office]], [[ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν]], [[παραλαμβάνειν]], Hdt.3.80, 4.147; καταστήσας τὰς ἀρχάς καὶ ἄρχοντας ἐπιστήσας Id.3.89; εἰς ἀρχὴν [[καθίστασθαι]] Th.8.70; εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν [[εἰσιέναι]] D.59.72, etc.; ἀρχὴν [[λαχεῖν]] = to [[obtain]] an [[office]], Id.57.25; [[Ἑλληνοταμίαι]] τότε πρῶτον κατέστη ἀρχή Th.1.96; [[ἐνιαύσιος]] ἀρχή Id.6.54; ἀρχὴ [[χειροτονητής|χειροτονητή]], [[κληρωτής|κληρωτή]], Lex ap.Aeschin.1.21; withsg. Noun, Κυθηροδίκης ἀ. ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης διέβαινεν αὐτόσε Th.4.53; [[term of office]], ἀρχῆς λοιποὶ αὐτῷ δύο μῆνες Antipho6.42; ἀρχαὶ καὶ [[λειτουργία]]ι ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''119.16 (iii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">4</span> in plural, [[αἱ ἀρχαί]] = [[the authorities]], the [[magistrates]], Th.5.47, cf. Decr. ap. And.1.83; ἐν ταῖς ἀρχαῖς εἶναι Th.6.54; [[ἡ ἀρχή]] collectively, 'the [[board]]', D.47.22, cf. ''IG''1.229, etc.; παραδιδόναι τινὰ τῇ ἀρχῇ Antipho5.48; but ἡ [[ἀρχή]], of a single [[magistrate]], PHal.1.226 (iii B.C.); [[κατ' ἀρχῆς γὰρ φιλαίτιος λεώς]] = [[people are always ready to blame the rulers]], [[people are against authority]], [[people were fond of anything by which they could call authority in question]], A.''Supp.''485; πομποὺς ἀρχάς Id.''Ag.''124 (anap.).<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[command]], i.e. [[body of troops]], [[LXX]] ''1 Ki.''13.17, al.<br><span class="bld">6</span> pl., [[ἀρχαί]] = [[heavenly powers]], Ep.Rom.8.38, al., cf. Dam. ''Pr.''96; [[powers of evil]], Ep.Eph.6.12, al.<br><span class="bld">III</span> = [[stingless]] [[bee]] ([[εἶδος]] μελίσσης ἀκέντρου), [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]