περ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), enclit. Particle, adding force to the word to which it is added, prob. a shortened form of [[περί]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]) in the sense of<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[very much]], [[however much]].—Chiefly Ep. and Lyr.; also in Trag. with relats. and parts.:<br><span class="bld">1</span> in Hom. freq. with Adj. and part. <b class="b3">ὤν, ἐπεί μ' ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν π. ἐόντα</b> [[all]] shortlived as I am, Il.1.352; <b class="b3">φίλην π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.587; Ἰθάκης κραναῆς π. ἐούσης 3.201: mostly concessive like [[καίπερ]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), <b class="b3">ἀγαθός π. ἐών</b> [[however]] brave thou art, 1.131, al.; κρατερός π. ἐών 15.164; κύνεός π. ἐών 9.373; <b class="b3">δουρικτητήν π. ἐοῦσαν</b> ib.343; μέγαν π. ἐόντα 5.625: so in Trag., ἄελπτά π. ὄντα A.''Supp.''55(lyr.); γενναῖός π. ὤν S.''Ph.''1068: with a Subst., ἀλόχῳ π. ἐούσῃ Il.1.546; γυνή π. οὖσα A.''Th.''1043: with Adj. and Subst., λιγύς π. ἐὼν ἀγορητής Il.2.246: with [[καί]] preceding, καὶ κρατερός π. ἐών 15.195, etc.: with the part. [[ὤν]] omitted, <b class="b3">φράδμων π. ἀνήρ</b> [[however]] shrewd, 16.638; κρατερός π. 21.63; <b class="b3">χερείονά π.</b> 17.539; <b class="b3">καὶ θεός π.</b> A.''Ag.''1203, cf. 1084: with parts., <b class="b3">ἱεμένων π.</b> [[however]] eager, Il.17.292; <b class="b3">καὶ ἀχνύμενός π. ἑταίρου</b> grieved [[though]] he was for... 8.125.<br><span class="bld">2</span> intens., <b class="b3">ἐλεεινότερός π.</b> more pitiable [[by far]], 24.504; <b class="b3">μίνυνθά π.</b> for a [[very]] little, 1.416, 13.573; <b class="b3">ὀλίγον π.</b> 11.391; <b class="b3">πρῶτόν π.</b> first [[of all]], 14.295; <b class="b3">ὑστάτιόν π.</b> 8.353; <b class="b3">ὀψέ π.</b> Pi.''N.''3.80: to strengthen a negation, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ… π.</b> not [[even]], not [[at all]], οὐδ' ὑμῖν ποταμός π. ἐΰρροος ἀρκέσει Il.21.130, cf. 8.201, 11.841, 21.410, Od.1.59, 3.236; μή ποτε καὶ σὺ γυναικί π. ἤπιος εἶναι 11.441; <b class="b3">ἢν μή π.</b> Hdt.6.57.<br><span class="bld">3</span> to give emphasis, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοί π. πονεώμεθα Il.10.70; ἡμεῖς δ' αὐτοί π. φραζώμεθα 17.712; σθένος ἀνέρος ἀμφότεροί π. σχῶμεν 21.308: esp. [[at any rate]], <b class="b3">τιμήν π. μοι ὄφελλεν ἐλλυαλίξαι</b> honour ([[whatever else]]) he owed me, 1.353, cf. 2.236, 17.121,239; τόδε π. μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ 8.242: in imper. clauses with the pers. Pron., <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ σύ π. μιν τῖσον</b> [[at all events]], 1.508: in the apodosis of a conditional sentence, εἰ δέ τοι Ἀτρεΐδης μὲν ἀπήχθετο... σὺ δ' ἄλλους π.… ἐλέαιρε 9.301, cf. 11.796, 12.349.<br><span class="bld">II</span> after Conjs. and relat. words, with which it commonly coalesces:<br><span class="bld">1</span> after hypothetical Conjs., v. [[εἴπερ]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> after temporal Conjs., <b class="b3">ὅτε π.</b> [[just]] when, Il.4.259, 5.802, etc.; <b class="b3">ἦμος… π.</b> 11.86; <b class="b3">ὅταν π.</b> S.''OC''301, etc.; <b class="b3">πρίν π.</b> before [[even]], Il.15.588.<br><span class="bld">3</span> after causal Conjs., v. [[ἐπείπερ, ἐπειδήπερ; δι' ὅ τι π]]. [[just]] because, Hdt.4.186.<br><span class="bld">4</span> after relats., v. [[ὅσπερ, οἷός περ, ὅσοσπερ, ἔνθαπερ, ὅθιπερ, οὗπερ, ᾗπερ, ὥσπερ]].<br><span class="bld">5</span> after the comp. particle, v. [[ἤπερ, ἠέπερ]].<br><span class="bld">6</span> after [[καί]], v. [[καίπερ]].<br><span class="bld">περ</span> (B), Aeol. for [[περί]].