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βίος: Difference between revisions
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{{LSJ1 | {{LSJ1 | ||
|Full diacritics= | |Full diacritics=βῐ́ος | ||
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|Transliteration C=vios | |Transliteration C=vios | ||
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|Definition=[ῐ], ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[life]], i.e. not [[animal]] [[life]] ([[ζωή]]), but [[mode of life]] (cf. εἰ χρόνον τις λέγοι ψυχῆς ἐν κινήσει μετα βατικῇ ἐξ ἄλλου εἰς ἄλλον βίον ζωὴν εἶναι Plot.3.7.11), [[manner of living]] (mostly therefore of men, v. Ammon. p.32 V.; but also of animals, διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν Epicr.11.14, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.6, etc.; also [[ζῆν]] φυτοῦ βίον Arist. ''GA''736b13); ζώεις δ' ἀγαθὸν βίον Od. 15.491; ἐμὸν βίον [[ἀμφιπολεύω|ἀμφιπολεύειν]] 18.254; αἰῶνα βίοιο Hes.''Fr.''161; τὸν μακρὸν [[τείνειν]] βίον A.''Pr.''537 (lyr.); ὁ καθ' ἡμέραν β. S.''OC''1364; βίον διαγαγεῖν Ar.''Pax'' 439; [[τελεῖν]] S.''Ant.''1114; [[διατελεῖν]] Isoc.6.45; <b class="b3">διέρχεσθαι βίου τέλος</b> dub.in Pi.''I.''4(3).5; [[τελευτᾶν]] Isoc.4.84; ὑπ' ἄλλου τελευτῆσαι β. Pl.''Lg.''870e; ἐπειδὰν τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου βίου τελευτήσω [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.17; τέρμα βίου περᾶν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1530; ὁδὸς βίου Isoc.1.5, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.1.21; διὰ βίου Arist.''Pol.''1272a37; [[proverb|prov.]], [[ὁ ἐπὶ Κρόνου βίος]] '[[the Golden Age]]', Id.''Ath.''16.7; so [[Ταρτησσοῦ βίος]] = [[life of Tartessos]], [[life of Riley]] Him.''Ecl.''10.11; βίος ζωῆς Pl.''Epin.''982a (cf. [[βιοτή]]); ζῆν θαλάττιον βίον Antiph.100; ἀμέριμνον ζῆν β. Philem.92.8; λαγὼ β. ζῆν δεδιὼς καὶ τρέμων D.18.263; σκληρὸς τῷ β. Men.''Georg.''66: rarely in plural, Alex.116.6 and ''ΙΙ'', Men.855; <b class="b3">τίνες καὶ πόσοι εἰσὶ βίοι</b>; Pl.''Lg.''733d, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1095b15, ''Pol.''1256a20.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Poets sometimes = [[ζωή]], βίον ἐκπνέων A.''Ag.''1517 (lyr.); [[ἀποψύχειν]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1031; [[φείδεσθαι]] βίου Id.''Ph.''749; [[νοσφίζω|νοσφίζειν]] τινὰ βίου ib.1427, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[lifetime]], ἐς τὸν ἅπαντα ἀνθρώπων βίον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.109; τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ σοῦ βίου γεγονότων λόγων = of all the [[discourse]]s produced during your [[lifetime]] Pl.''Phdr.'' 242a, cf. ''PMagd.''18.7 (iii B. C.), etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[livelihood]], [[means of living]] (in Hom. [[βίοτος]]), βίος [[ἐπηετανός]] Hes.''Op.''31, Pi.''N.''6.10; [[τὸν βίον κτᾶσθαι ἀπό τινος]], [[τὸν βίον ποιεῖσθαι ἀπό τινος]], [[τὸν βίον ἔχειν ἀπό τινος]], to [[make one's living off]], to [[live by a thing]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.106, Th.1.5, X.''Oec.''6.11; ἀπεστέρηκας τὸν βίον τὰ τόξ' ἑλών S.''Ph.''931, cf. 933, 1282; [[κτᾶσθαι]] [[πλοῦτος|πλοῦτον]] καὶ βίον τέκνοις E. ''Supp.''450; πλείον' [[ἐκμοχθεῖν]] βίον ib.451; βίος [[πολύς]] ib.861; βίος [[ὀλίγος]] Ar. ''Pl.''751; βίον κεκτημένος Philem.99.4; [[ὁ ἴδιος βίος]] = [[private]] [[property]], ''AJA''17.29 (i B. C.), cf. ''SIG''762.40, Iamb.''VP''30.170; [[βίος Δημήτριος]] = [[corn]], A.''Fr.''44.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[the world we live in]], '[[the world]]', <b class="b3">οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου</b>, opp. the [[philosopher]]s, S.E.''M.''11.49; simply ὁ βίος Id.''P.''1.211; ὁ βίος ὁ [[κοινός]] ib. 237; μυθικὰς ὑποθέσεις ὧν μεστὸς ὁ βίος ἐστί Ph.1.226; [[ἐκκαθαίρειν]] τὸν βίον, of [[Hercules]], Luc.''DDeor.''13.1; <b class="b3">τὸν βίον μιμούμενοι</b>, of [[comic]] [[poet]]s, Sch. Heph.p.115C.; also, 'the public', ἵνα ὁ βίος εἰδῇ τίνα δεῖ [[μετακαλέω|μετακαλεῖσθαι]] Sor.1.4.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[settled life]], almost, = [[abode]], ἐν τῇ Θρᾳκίᾳ νήσῳ βίους ἱδρύσαντο D.H.1.68, cf. 72.<br><span class="bld">V</span> a [[life]], [[biography]], as those of Plu., ''Thes.''1, cf. Ph.2.180.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[caste]], διεῖλε τὸ πλῆθος εἰς τέτταρας β. Str.8.7.1.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[wine made from partly dried unripe grapes]], Plin.''HN''14.77.<br><span class="bld">VIII</span> Astrol., [[the second region]], Paul.Al.''L.''2. (Cf. Skt. jīv´s 'alive', jī́vati 'live', Lat. [[vivus]], etc.) | |Definition=[ῐ], ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[life]], i.e. not [[animal]] [[life]] ([[ζωή]]), but [[mode of life]] (cf. εἰ χρόνον τις λέγοι ψυχῆς ἐν κινήσει μετα βατικῇ ἐξ ἄλλου εἰς ἄλλον βίον ζωὴν εἶναι Plot.3.7.11), [[manner of living]] (mostly therefore of men, v. Ammon. p.32 V.; but also of animals, διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν Epicr.11.14, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.6, etc.; also [[ζῆν]] φυτοῦ βίον Arist. ''GA''736b13); ζώεις δ' ἀγαθὸν βίον Od. 15.491; ἐμὸν βίον [[ἀμφιπολεύω|ἀμφιπολεύειν]] 18.254; αἰῶνα βίοιο Hes.''Fr.''161; τὸν μακρὸν [[τείνειν]] βίον [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''537 (lyr.); ὁ καθ' ἡμέραν β. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1364; βίον διαγαγεῖν Ar.''Pax'' 439; [[τελεῖν]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''1114; [[διατελεῖν]] Isoc.6.45; <b class="b3">διέρχεσθαι βίου τέλος</b> dub.in Pi.''I.''4(3).5; [[τελευτᾶν]] Isoc.4.84; ὑπ' ἄλλου τελευτῆσαι β. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''870e; ἐπειδὰν τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου βίου τελευτήσω [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.7.17; τέρμα βίου περᾶν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1530; ὁδὸς βίου Isoc.1.5, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.1.21; διὰ βίου Arist.''Pol.''1272a37; [[proverb|prov.]], [[ὁ ἐπὶ Κρόνου βίος]] '[[the Golden Age]]', Id.''Ath.''16.7; so [[Ταρτησσοῦ βίος]] = [[life of Tartessos]], [[life of Riley]] Him.''Ecl.''10.11; βίος ζωῆς Pl.''Epin.''982a (cf. [[βιοτή]]); ζῆν θαλάττιον βίον Antiph.100; ἀμέριμνον ζῆν β. Philem.92.8; λαγὼ β. ζῆν δεδιὼς καὶ τρέμων D.18.263; σκληρὸς τῷ β. Men.''Georg.''66: rarely in plural, Alex.116.6 and ''ΙΙ'', Men.855; <b class="b3">τίνες καὶ πόσοι εἰσὶ βίοι</b>; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''733d, cf. [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1095b15, ''Pol.''1256a20.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Poets sometimes = [[ζωή]], βίον ἐκπνέων [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]''1517 (lyr.); [[ἀποψύχειν]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1031; [[φείδεσθαι]] βίου Id.''Ph.''749; [[νοσφίζω|νοσφίζειν]] τινὰ βίου ib.1427, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[lifetime]], ἐς τὸν ἅπαντα ἀνθρώπων βίον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.109; τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ σοῦ βίου γεγονότων λόγων = of all the [[discourse]]s produced during your [[lifetime]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 242a, cf. ''PMagd.''18.7 (iii B. C.), etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[livelihood]], [[means of living]] (in Hom. [[βίοτος]]), βίος [[ἐπηετανός]] Hes.''Op.''31, Pi.''N.''6.10; [[τὸν βίον κτᾶσθαι ἀπό τινος]], [[τὸν βίον ποιεῖσθαι ἀπό τινος]], [[τὸν βίον ἔχειν ἀπό τινος]], to [[make one's living off]], to [[live by a thing]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.106, Th.1.5, X.''Oec.''6.11; ἀπεστέρηκας τὸν βίον τὰ τόξ' ἑλών S.''Ph.''931, cf. 933, 1282; [[κτᾶσθαι]] [[πλοῦτος|πλοῦτον]] καὶ βίον τέκνοις E. ''Supp.''450; πλείον' [[ἐκμοχθεῖν]] βίον ib.451; βίος [[πολύς]] ib.861; βίος [[ὀλίγος]] Ar. ''Pl.''751; βίον κεκτημένος Philem.99.4; [[ὁ ἴδιος βίος]] = [[private]] [[property]], ''AJA''17.29 (i B. C.), cf. ''SIG''762.40, Iamb.''VP''30.170; [[βίος Δημήτριος]] = [[corn]], A.''Fr.''44.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[the world we live in]], '[[the world]]', <b class="b3">οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου</b>, opp. the [[philosopher]]s, S.E.''M.''11.49; simply ὁ βίος Id.''P.''1.211; ὁ βίος ὁ [[κοινός]] ib. 237; μυθικὰς ὑποθέσεις ὧν μεστὸς ὁ βίος ἐστί Ph.1.226; [[ἐκκαθαίρειν]] τὸν βίον, of [[Hercules]], Luc.''DDeor.''13.1; <b class="b3">τὸν βίον μιμούμενοι</b>, of [[comic]] [[poet]]s, Sch. Heph.p.115C.; also, 'the public', ἵνα ὁ βίος εἰδῇ τίνα δεῖ [[μετακαλέω|μετακαλεῖσθαι]] Sor.1.4.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[settled life]], almost, = [[abode]], ἐν τῇ Θρᾳκίᾳ νήσῳ βίους ἱδρύσαντο D.H.1.68, cf. 72.<br><span class="bld">V</span> a [[life]], [[biography]], as those of Plu., ''Thes.''1, cf. Ph.2.180.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[caste]], διεῖλε τὸ πλῆθος εἰς τέτταρας β. Str.8.7.1.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[wine made from partly dried unripe grapes]], Plin.''HN''14.77.<br><span class="bld">VIII</span> Astrol., [[the second region]], Paul.Al.''L.''2. (Cf. Skt. jīv´s 'alive', jī́vati 'live', Lat. [[vivus]], etc.) | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0445.png Seite 445]] ὁ, das [[Leben]]; eigentlich Nebenform von βία, die [[Lebenskraft]], die Stärke; vgl. [[ζάλος]] [[ζάλη]], [[κύμβος]] [[κύμβη]], [[πέτρος]] [[πέτρα]], [[πλάνος]] [[πλάνη]], [[πύλος]] [[πύλη]], [[ὕδρος]] [[ὕδρα]], [[χλόος]] [[χλόα]], [[χνόος]] [[χνόη]], [[χρόος]] [[χρόα]], [[χύτρος]] [[χύτρα]]; [[αἶθρος]] αἴθρα, [[κοῖτος]] [[κοίτη]], [[οἶμος]] [[οἴμη]]; [[χῶρος]] [[χώρα]]; [[σφαῖρος]] [[σφαῖρα]]; [[δραγμός]] [[δραγμή]], [[δεσμός]] [[δεσμή]] oder [[δέσμη]]; ἄνδραχνος [[ἀνδράχνη]], [[ἕσπερος]] [[ἑσπέρα]], [[θάλαμος]] [[θαλάμη]], [[κάλαμος]] [[καλάμη]], [[στέφανος]] [[στεφάνη]], [[χάραδρος]] [[χαράδρα]]. Bei Hom. [[βίος]] dreimal: Odyss. 15, 491 ἀνδρὸς δώματ' ἀφίκεο ἠπίου, ὃς δή τοι παρέχει βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε [[ἐνδυκέως]], ζώεις δ' ἀγαθὸν βίον; 18, 254. 19, 127 εἰ κεῖνός γ' ἐλθὼν τὸν ἐμὸν βίον ἀμφιπολεύοι, μεῖζόν κε [[κλέος]] εἴη ἐμὸν καὶ [[κάλλιον]] [[οὕτως]]. Bei den Folgenden: 1) das [[Leben]], von Pind. an, bei Tragg., u. in Prosa überall. Nach den Gramm. von ζωή, dem bloßen Existiren eines Geschöpfes, so unterschieden, daß es nur das Leben vernünftiger Wesen bezeichnet; doch sagt Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 6 [[βίος]] φαλάγγων; Nicarch. 17 (XI, 397) ἡμιόνων; – [[Lebenszeit]], Lebensdauer, im <span class="ggns">Gegensatz</span> von [[θάνατος]]; sehr gew. βίον ζῆν, διάγειν, διατελεῖν, διατρίβειν, διεξάγειν, διέρχεσθαι; <span class="ggns">Gegensatz</span> τελευτᾶν; s. auch ἀποῤῥηγνύναι, ἀποψύχειν, ἐκλείπειν, ἐκπλῆσαι, καταστρέφειν, μεταλλάττειν; – ἐπὶ τοῦ σοῦ βίου, bei deinen Lebzeiten, Plat. Phaedr. 242 a; pleon. ζωῆς [[βίος]] Epinom. 982 a; Plut. Consol. Apoll. p. 350. – 2) das Leben u. [[Wirken]], [[Lebensart]], Lebenswandel, VLL. [[ἐπιτήδευμα]]; vgl. B. A. 30, der β. θαλάττιος, [[ῥητορικός]] aufführt; Arist Eth. Nic. 1, 5 [[βίος]] [[ἀπολαυστικός]], [[πολιτικός]], [[θεωρητικός]]; vgl. Plat. Legg. V, 733 d u. sonst; Gewerbe, D. Hal. 2, 28. – 3) [[Lebensunterhalt]], [[ἐπηετανός]] Hes. O. 31; βίον ἔχειν 42; βίον καὶ πλοῦτον κτᾶσθαι Eur. Suppl. 450; ἀπ' ἔργων ἀνοσίων Her. 8, 106; [[ἑτέρωθεν]] Aeschin. 1, 195; βίον πορίζειν τινί Ar. Vesp. 706; [[ὁπόθεν]] βίον ἕξει Plut. 534; βίον ποιεῖσθαι [[ἐντεῦθεν]] Thuc. 1, 5, davon leben; ἀπὸ γεωργίας Xen. Oec. 6, 11; ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἔχειν Plut. Symp. 8, 8, 2; βίον συλλέγεσθαι ἀπό τινος Plat. Legg. XI, 936 b; ἀγείρειν Theocr. 14, 40; ὁ [[βίος]] αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάττης Xen. Hell. 7, 1, 2; von | |ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0445.png Seite 445]] ὁ, das [[Leben]]; eigentlich Nebenform von βία, die [[Lebenskraft]], die Stärke; vgl. [[ζάλος]] [[ζάλη]], [[κύμβος]] [[κύμβη]], [[πέτρος]] [[πέτρα]], [[πλάνος]] [[πλάνη]], [[πύλος]] [[πύλη]], [[ὕδρος]] [[ὕδρα]], [[χλόος]] [[χλόα]], [[χνόος]] [[χνόη]], [[χρόος]] [[χρόα]], [[χύτρος]] [[χύτρα]]; [[αἶθρος]] αἴθρα, [[κοῖτος]] [[κοίτη]], [[οἶμος]] [[οἴμη]]; [[χῶρος]] [[χώρα]]; [[σφαῖρος]] [[σφαῖρα]]; [[δραγμός]] [[δραγμή]], [[δεσμός]] [[δεσμή]] oder [[δέσμη]]; ἄνδραχνος [[ἀνδράχνη]], [[ἕσπερος]] [[ἑσπέρα]], [[θάλαμος]] [[θαλάμη]], [[κάλαμος]] [[καλάμη]], [[στέφανος]] [[στεφάνη]], [[χάραδρος]] [[χαράδρα]]. Bei Hom. [[βίος]] dreimal: Odyss. 15, 491 ἀνδρὸς δώματ' ἀφίκεο ἠπίου, ὃς δή τοι παρέχει βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε [[ἐνδυκέως]], ζώεις δ' ἀγαθὸν βίον; 18, 254. 19, 127 εἰ κεῖνός γ' ἐλθὼν τὸν ἐμὸν βίον ἀμφιπολεύοι, μεῖζόν κε [[κλέος]] εἴη ἐμὸν καὶ [[κάλλιον]] [[οὕτως]]. Bei den Folgenden: 1) das [[Leben]], von Pind. an, bei Tragg., u. in Prosa überall. Nach den Gramm. von ζωή, dem bloßen Existiren eines Geschöpfes, so unterschieden, daß es nur das Leben vernünftiger Wesen bezeichnet; doch sagt Xen. Mem. 3, 11, 6 [[βίος]] φαλάγγων; Nicarch. 17 (XI, 397) ἡμιόνων; – [[Lebenszeit]], Lebensdauer, im <span class="ggns">Gegensatz</span> von [[θάνατος]]; sehr gew. βίον ζῆν, διάγειν, διατελεῖν, διατρίβειν, διεξάγειν, διέρχεσθαι; <span class="ggns">Gegensatz</span> τελευτᾶν; s. auch ἀποῤῥηγνύναι, ἀποψύχειν, ἐκλείπειν, ἐκπλῆσαι, καταστρέφειν, μεταλλάττειν; – ἐπὶ τοῦ σοῦ βίου, bei deinen Lebzeiten, Plat. Phaedr. 242 a; pleon. ζωῆς [[βίος]] Epinom. 982 a; Plut. Consol. Apoll. p. 350. – 2) das Leben u. [[Wirken]], [[Lebensart]], Lebenswandel, VLL. [[ἐπιτήδευμα]]; vgl. B. A. 30, der β. θαλάττιος, [[ῥητορικός]] aufführt; Arist Eth. Nic. 1, 5 [[βίος]] [[ἀπολαυστικός]], [[πολιτικός]], [[θεωρητικός]]; vgl. Plat. Legg. V, 733 d u. sonst; Gewerbe, D. Hal. 2, 28. – 3) [[Lebensunterhalt]], [[ἐπηετανός]] Hes. O. 31; βίον ἔχειν 42; βίον καὶ πλοῦτον κτᾶσθαι Eur. Suppl. 450; ἀπ' ἔργων ἀνοσίων Her. 8, 106; [[ἑτέρωθεν]] Aeschin. 1, 195; βίον πορίζειν τινί Ar. Vesp. 706; [[ὁπόθεν]] βίον ἕξει Plut. 534; βίον ποιεῖσθαι [[ἐντεῦθεν]] Thuc. 1, 5, davon leben; ἀπὸ γεωργίας Xen. Oec. 6, 11; ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἔχειν Plut. Symp. 8, 8, 2; βίον συλλέγεσθαι ἀπό τινος Plat. Legg. XI, 936 b; ἀγείρειν Theocr. 14, 40; ὁ [[βίος]] αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάττης Xen. Hell. 7, 1, 2; von Tieren, Mem. 3, 11, 6. – 4) bei Arist. u. bes. Sp., wie Luc. Tim. 4, 25 Hel. 1, 6, die [[Lebenden]], [[die Welt]]; Gramm. ἐν u. παρὰ τῷ βίῳ, im [[gewöhnlichen Leben]], vgl. B. A. 113, 25 καθ' οὗ ὁ [[βίος]] τάσσει, der gew. Sprachgebrauch. – 5) [[Wohnort]], βίους ἱδρύσαντο Dion. Hal. 1, 68. – 6) [[Lebensbeschreibung]], Plut. | ||
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|txtha=βίου, ὁ (from Homer down);<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[life]] [[extensively]], i. e. the [[period]] or [[course]] of [[life]] ([[see]] [[below]] and Trench, § xxvii.): ).<br /><b class="num">b.</b> (as [[often]] in Greek writings from [[Hesiod]], Works, 230,575; [[Herodotus]], [[Xenophon]]) [[that]] by [[which]] [[life]] is sustained, [[resources]], [[wealth]] (A. V. [[living]]): WH omits; Tr marginal [[reading]] brackets the [[clause]]); [[goods]]). (For לֶחֶם in SYNONYMS: [[βίος]], [[ζωή]]: [[ζωή]] [[existence]] (having [[death]] as its [[antithesis]]); [[βίος]] the [[period]], [[means]], [[manner]], of [[existence]]. Hence, the [[former]] is [[more]] [[naturally]] used of animals, the [[latter]] of men; cf. zoology, biography. N. T. [[usage]] exalts [[ζωή]], and so tends to [[debase]] [[βίος]]. But [[see]] Lightfoot, Ignatius ad Romans 7 [ET].] | |txtha=βίου, ὁ (from Homer down);<br /><b class="num">a.</b> [[life]] [[extensively]], i. e. the [[period]] or [[course]] of [[life]] ([[see]] [[below]] and Trench, § xxvii.):).<br /><b class="num">b.</b> (as [[often]] in Greek writings from [[Hesiod]], Works, 230,575; [[Herodotus]], [[Xenophon]]) [[that]] by [[which]] [[life]] is sustained, [[resources]], [[wealth]] (A. V. [[living]]): WH omits; Tr marginal [[reading]] brackets the [[clause]]); [[goods]]). (For לֶחֶם in SYNONYMS: [[βίος]], [[ζωή]]: [[ζωή]] [[existence]] (having [[death]] as its [[antithesis]]); [[βίος]] the [[period]], [[means]], [[manner]], of [[existence]]. Hence, the [[former]] is [[more]] [[naturally]] used of animals, the [[latter]] of men; cf. zoology, biography. [[NT|N.T.]] [[usage]] exalts [[ζωή]], and so tends to [[debase]] [[βίος]]. But [[see]] Lightfoot, Ignatius ad Romans 7 [ET].] | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
|mdlsjtxt= | |mdlsjtxt=<b class="num">I.</b> [[life]], i. e. not [[animal]] [[life]] (ζωή), but a [[course]] of [[life]], [[manner]] of [[living]], Lat. [[vita]], Od., etc.; in plural, τίνες καὶ πόσοι εἰσὶ βίοι; Plat.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in Poets = ζωή, βίον ἐκπνεῖν Aesch.; ἀποψύχειν Soph.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[life]]-[[time]], Hdt., Plat.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> a [[living]], [[livelihood]], [[means]] of [[living]], [[substance]], Lat. [[victus]], Hes., Soph., etc.; τὸν βίον ποιεῖσθαι ἀπό τινος to make one's [[living]] of a [[thing]], Thuc., etc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> a [[life]], biography, as those of Plut. | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{FriskDe | {{FriskDe | ||
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{{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | {{WoodhouseReversedUncategorized | ||
|woodrun=[[existence]], [[life]], [[livelihood]], [[living]], [[sustenance]], [[course of life]], [[means of support]], [[way of living]] | |woodrun=[[existence]], [[life]], [[livelihood]], [[living]], [[sustenance]], [[course of life]], [[means of support]], [[way of living]] | ||
}} | |||
{{lxth | |||
|lthtxt=''[[vita]], [[aetas]]'', [[life]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.138.4/ 1.138.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.43.5/ 2.43.5], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.44.1/ 2.44.1], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:Thuc.%202.44.4/ 2.44.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.53.4/ 2.53.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.59.3/ 3.59.3], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:6.16.4/ 6.16.4], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:7.77.2/ 7.77.2],<br>''[[vitae ratio]]'', [[way of life]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:2.97.6/ 2.97.6], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:3.84.2/ 3.84.2],<br>''[[vita]], [[rerum cursus]]'', [[life]], [[course of events]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:8.24.5/ 8.24.5],<br>''[[victus]]'', [[living]], [[means of life]], [https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0003.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.5.1/ 1.5.1]. | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{trml | {{trml | ||
|trtx====[[life]]=== | |trtx====[[life]]=== | ||
Abkhaz: аҟазаара; Adyghe: щыӏэныгъ, гъашӏэ; Afrikaans: lewe; Akkadian: 𒍣; Albanian: jetë, roni; Amharic: ህይወት; Amis: 'orip; Apache Western Apache: ʼihiʼda; Arabic: حَيَاة; Egyptian Arabic: حياة; Aramaic Hebrew: חיא; Syriac: ܚܝܐ; Armenian: կյանք; Aromanian: banã, yeatsã, etã; Assamese: জীউ, জীৱন, জান, পৰাণ; Asturian: vida; Ateso: akijara; Avar: гӏумру; Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊; Aymara: jakaña, jaka; Azerbaijani: həyat, yaşam, dirim, ömür, can; Balinese: ᬚᬶᬯ; Bashkir: тормош, ғүмер; Basque: bizi, bizitza; Belarusian: жыццё, жыцьцё; Bengali: জীবন; Berber Tashelhit: tudrt; Bhojpuri: जीवन; Bikol Central: buhay; Bonggi: nyawa; Breton: buhez; Bulgarian: живот; Burmese: အသက်, ဇီဝ, ဇာတ်; Buryat: амин, амидарал, ажамидарал; Catalan: vida; Cebuano: kinabuhi; Chechen: дахар, са; Cherokee: ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ; Chichewa: moyo; Chinese Cantonese: 生命, 生活; Dungan: сынхуә, вумур; Hakka: 生命, 生活; Mandarin: 生命, 生活; Min Dong: 生命, 生活; Min Nan: 性命, 生活; Wu: 生命, 生活; Chukchi: ягтаԓгыргын; Chuukese: manau; Chuvash: пурнӑҫ; Classical Nahuatl: yōliliztli, nemiliztli; Coptic: ⲱⲛϧ, ⲱⲛϩ; Cornish: bewnans, bownans, bêwnans, bôwnans; Corsican: vita; Crimean Tatar: ayat; Czech: život, žití; Dalmatian: vaita; Danish: liv; Dhivehi: ޙަޔާތު; Dongxiang: amin; Dutch: [[leven]]; Eastern Mari: илыш; Elfdalian: liv; Erzya: эрямо; Esperanto: vivo, vivado; Estonian: elu; Ewe: agbe; Faroese: lív, ævi; Fiji Hindi: jindagi; Fijian: bula; Finnish: elämä, henki, nirri, elo; Franco-Provençal: via; French: [[vie]]; Friulian: vite; Fula: nguurndam; Gagauz: ömür; Galician: vida; Garifuna: ibagari; Georgian: სიცოცხლე, ცხოვრება; German: [[Leben]]; Alemannic German: Läbe; Pennsylvania German: Lewe; Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃; Greek: [[ζωή]], [[βίος]]; Ancient Greek: [[ζωή]], [[βίος]], [[ψυχή]]; Greenlandic: inuuneq; Gujarati: જીવન, જિંદગી; Haitian Creole: lavi; Hausa: rai; Hawaiian: ola; Hebrew: חַיִּים; Higaonon: gahinawa; Hiligaynon: kabuhi; Hindi: ज़िंदगी, जीवन, हयात, जी, प्राण, जीना, लाइफ, जीव, जीवित, जान, उमर; Hopi: qatsi; Hungarian: élet; Hunsrik: Leve; Icelandic: líf, fjör, lífdagar, ævi; Ido: vivo; Igbo: ndụ; Ilocano: biag; Indonesian: hidup; Ingrian: elo; Interlingua: vita; Inupiaq: iñuggun, iñuułiq; Irish: saol, beatha, beo; Istriot: veîta; Italian: [[vita]]; Itelmen: соњԓэс; Japanese: 命, 生命, 人生, 生存; Javanese: urip, nyawa, umur; Kabardian: гъащӏэ; Kannada: ಜೀವನ, ಪ್ರಾಣ, ಜೀವ; Kaqchikel: k'aslemal; Karachay-Balkar: джашау; Karelian: eländy; Kashubian: żëcé, żëwòt; Kazakh: өмір, тұрмыс; Khakas: чуртас; Khmer: ជីវិត, ជីព, ជន្មា, ឋិតិ; Kikuyu: muoyo; Komi-Permyak: олӧм; Korean: 생명(生命), 삶, 생활(生活); Kumyk: оьмюр; Kunigami: 命; Kurdish Central Kurdish: ژین; Northern Kurdish: jiyan; Kyrgyz: өмүр, турмуш, жашоо; Ladin: vita; Ladino: vida; Lakota: wičhóni; Lao: ຊີວິດ; Latgalian: dzeive; Latin: [[anima]], [[vita]], [[lux]]; Latvian: dzīve, mūžs; Lezgi: уьмуьр, ччан; Limburgish: laeve; Lingala: bomɔi; Lithuanian: gyvenimas, gyvybė; | Abkhaz: аҟазаара; Adyghe: щыӏэныгъ, гъашӏэ; Afrikaans: lewe; Akkadian: 𒍣; Albanian: jetë, roni; Amharic: ህይወት; Amis: 'orip; Apache Western Apache: ʼihiʼda; Arabic: حَيَاة; Egyptian Arabic: حياة; Aramaic Hebrew: חיא; Syriac: ܚܝܐ; Armenian: կյանք; Aromanian: banã, yeatsã, etã; Assamese: জীউ, জীৱন, জান, পৰাণ; Asturian: vida; Ateso: akijara; Avar: гӏумру; Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊; Aymara: jakaña, jaka; Azerbaijani: həyat, yaşam, dirim, ömür, can; Balinese: ᬚᬶᬯ; Bashkir: тормош, ғүмер; Basque: bizi, bizitza; Belarusian: жыццё, жыцьцё; Bengali: জীবন; Berber Tashelhit: tudrt; Bhojpuri: जीवन; Bikol Central: buhay; Bonggi: nyawa; Breton: buhez; Bulgarian: живот; Burmese: အသက်, ဇီဝ, ဇာတ်; Buryat: амин, амидарал, ажамидарал; Catalan: vida; Cebuano: kinabuhi; Chechen: дахар, са; Cherokee: ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲ; Chichewa: moyo; Chinese Cantonese: 生命, 生活; Dungan: сынхуә, вумур; Hakka: 生命, 生活; Mandarin: 生命, 生活; Min Dong: 生命, 生活; Min Nan: 性命, 生活; Wu: 生命, 生活; Chukchi: ягтаԓгыргын; Chuukese: manau; Chuvash: пурнӑҫ; Classical Nahuatl: yōliliztli, nemiliztli; Coptic: ⲱⲛϧ, ⲱⲛϩ; Cornish: bewnans, bownans, bêwnans, bôwnans; Corsican: vita; Crimean Tatar: ayat; Czech: život, žití; Dalmatian: vaita; Danish: liv; Dhivehi: ޙަޔާތު; Dongxiang: amin; Dutch: [[leven]]; Eastern Mari: илыш; Elfdalian: liv; Erzya: эрямо; Esperanto: vivo, vivado; Estonian: elu; Ewe: agbe; Faroese: lív, ævi; Fiji Hindi: jindagi; Fijian: bula; Finnish: elämä, henki, nirri, elo; Franco-Provençal: via; French: [[vie]]; Friulian: vite; Fula: nguurndam; Gagauz: ömür; Galician: vida; Garifuna: ibagari; Georgian: სიცოცხლე, ცხოვრება; German: [[Leben]]; Alemannic German: Läbe; Pennsylvania German: Lewe; Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃; Greek: [[ζωή]], [[βίος]]; Ancient Greek: [[ζωή]], [[βίος]], [[ψυχή]]; Greenlandic: inuuneq; Gujarati: જીવન, જિંદગી; Haitian Creole: lavi; Hausa: rai; Hawaiian: ola; Hebrew: חַיִּים; Higaonon: gahinawa; Hiligaynon: kabuhi; Hindi: ज़िंदगी, जीवन, हयात, जी, प्राण, जीना, लाइफ, जीव, जीवित, जान, उमर; Hopi: qatsi; Hungarian: élet; Hunsrik: Leve; Icelandic: líf, fjör, lífdagar, ævi; Ido: vivo; Igbo: ndụ; Ilocano: biag; Indonesian: hidup; Ingrian: elo; Interlingua: vita; Inupiaq: iñuggun, iñuułiq; Irish: saol, beatha, beo; Istriot: veîta; Italian: [[vita]]; Itelmen: соњԓэс; Japanese: 命, 生命, 人生, 生存; Javanese: urip, nyawa, umur; Kabardian: гъащӏэ; Kannada: ಜೀವನ, ಪ್ರಾಣ, ಜೀವ; Kaqchikel: k'aslemal; Karachay-Balkar: джашау; Karelian: eländy; Kashubian: żëcé, żëwòt; Kazakh: өмір, тұрмыс; Khakas: чуртас; Khmer: ជីវិត, ជីព, ជន្មា, ឋិតិ; Kikuyu: muoyo; Komi-Permyak: олӧм; Korean: 생명(生命), 삶, 생활(生活); Kumyk: оьмюр; Kunigami: 命; Kurdish Central Kurdish: ژین; Northern Kurdish: jiyan; Kyrgyz: өмүр, турмуш, жашоо; Ladin: vita; Ladino: vida; Lakota: wičhóni; Lao: ຊີວິດ; Latgalian: dzeive; Latin: [[anima]], [[vita]], [[lux]]; Latvian: dzīve, mūžs; Lezgi: уьмуьр, ччан; Limburgish: laeve; Lingala: bomɔi; Lithuanian: gyvenimas, gyvybė; Low German: Lȩben, Läwen, Lewen, Liäwen, Lewend, Liiw; Lule Sami: iellem; Luo: ngima; Luxembourgish: Liewen; Macedonian: живот, живеење, живеачка; Malagasy: fahavelomana; Malay: hidup, kehidupan, nyawa, hayat; Malayalam: ജീവിതം; Maltese: ħajja; Manchu: ᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ, ᠰᡠᡵᡝ; ᡶᠠᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ; Mandaic: ࡄࡉࡉࡀ; Manx: bea; Maori: koiora, ora; Mapudungun: mogen; Maquiritari: wenñö; Maranao: niyawa; Marathi: जीवन; Mbyá Guaraní: eko; Mingrelian: თელარა; Mirandese: bida; Miyako: 命; Mizo: nunna, damchhûng; Moksha: эряф; Mon: လမျီူ, ဂယိုၚ်; Mongolian Cyrillic: амь, амьдрал; Mòcheno: lem; Nahuatl: yōliztli, yolistli, nemiliztli; Navajo: iiná; Neapolitan: vita; Nepali: जीवन, जिन्दगी; Nganasan: нилу; Ngazidja Comorian: hayati, maesha; North Frisian: laawen; Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: buhay; Northern Sami: eallin, heagga; Northern Yukaghir: эдьил; Norwegian Bokmål: liv; Nynorsk: liv; Occitan: vida; Ojibwe: bimaadiziwin; Okinawan: 命; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: животъ, жизнь, жить, житьѥ; Old East Slavic: жизнь, животъ; Old English: līf; Old Javanese: hurip; Old South Arabian: 𐩢𐩺𐩥; Oriya: ଜୀବନ; Oromo: jiruu, lubbuu; Oroqen: bardilga; Oscan: 𐌁𐌉𐌉𐌕𐌀𐌌; Ossetian: цард; Pali: jīvita; Papiamentu: bida; Pashto: ژوند, حيات; Persian: زندگی, زنده, حیات, زیست, زندگانی; Polabian: zaivăt; Polish: życie, żywot; Portuguese: [[vida]]; Punjabi: ਜੀਵਨ; Quechua: kawsay; Romani: trajo, ʒivipen, ʒivimos, ʒivibo; Romanian: viață; Romansch: vita; Russian: [[жизнь]], [[житие]], [[живот]], [[житьё]]; Rusyn: жывот; Rwanda-Rundi: ubuzima; Sanskrit: जीवन, जीवित, आयु; Santali: ᱪᱳᱞᱚ; Sardinian: bida, vida; Campidanese: vida; Logudorese: bida; Scottish Gaelic: beatha, saoghal; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: жѝвот; Roman: žìvot; Shan: ဢသၢၵ်ႈ; Sherpa: ཚེ; Shor: чадығ; Siar-Lak: lalaun; Sicilian: vita; Sidamo: heeshsho; Sindhi: چِٺيِ, خَطُ; Sinhalese: ජීවිතය, ජීවය; Slovak: život; Slovene: življenje; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: žywjenje; Upper Sorbian: žiwjenje; Southern Altai: јӱрӱм, ӧмӱр; Southern Amami-Oshima: 命; Spanish: [[vida]]; Sumerian: 𒍣; Sundanese: ᮠᮤᮛᮥᮕ᮪; Svan: ლიდრე; Swahili: uhai, maisha; Swedish: liv, levnad; Tagalog: buhay; Tajik: ҳаёт, зиндагӣ, зиндагонӣ; Tamil: உயிர், வாழ்க்கை; Tatar: тереклек, тормыш, гомер; Telugu: జీవితము, ప్రాణము, ఉసురు, జీవము; Tetum: vida; Thai: ชีวิต; Tibetan: ཚེ, ཚེ་སྲོག; Tigrinya: ሂወት; Tocharian B: śaul; Tofa: олут; Tok Pisin: laip; Tsonga: vutomi; Tswana: botshelô; Turkish: yaşam, hayat, ömür, dirim; Turkmen: durmuş, ýaşaýyş, ömür; Tzotzil: kuxlejal; Udmurt: улон; Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎊𐎚; Ukrainian: життя; Urdu: زندگی, جیون, حیات, آربل; Uyghur: ھايات; Uzbek: hayot, umr, turmush; Venetian: vita; Veps: elo; Vietnamese: sự sống, cuộc sống, sinh mệnh, sinh mạng; Vilamovian: łaowa; Votic: elo; Vurës: ēs; Võro: elo; Walloon: veye; Waray-Waray: kinabuhi; Welsh: bywyd; West Frisian: libben; White Hmong: txoj sia; Yakut: олох; Yiddish: לעבן, חיים; Yonaguni: 命; Yola: lief; Zazaki: heyat, cıwayış; Zhuang: sengmingh, mingh, ndwenngoenz; Zulu: ukuphila, impilo | ||
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