θυμός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[soul]], [[spirit]], as the principle of [[life]], [[feeling]] and [[thought]], esp. of [[strong]] [[feeling]] and [[passion]] (rightly derived from [[θύω]] (B) by [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]'' 419e <b class="b3">ἀπὸ τῆς θύσεως καὶ ζέσεως τῆς ψυχῆς</b>):<br><span class="bld">I</span> in physical sense, [[breath]], [[life]], <b class="b3">θ. ἀπηύρα, ἀφελέσθαι, ἐξαίνυσθαι, ὀλέσαι</b>, freq. in Hom., Il.6.17, 5.852, 155, 1.205: c. dupl. acc., ἄμφω θ. ἀπηύρα 6.17; ἐπεί κε… ῥεθέων ἐκ θ. ἕληται 22.68; <b class="b3">λίπε δ' ὀστέα θ.</b> 12.386; <b class="b3">ἀπὸ δ' ἔπτατο θ.</b> Od.10.163; ὀλίγος δ' ἔτι θ. ἐνῆεν Il.1.593; μόγις δ' ἐσαγείρετο θυμόν 21.417; ἄψορρόν οἱ θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀγέρθη 4.152; θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδών 11.334; of animals, 3.294, 12.150, etc.: less freq. in Trag., A. ''Ag.''1388, E.''Ba.''620 (troch.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[spirit]], [[strength]], τείρετο δ' ἀνδρῶν θ. ὑπ' εἰρεσίης Od.10.78; ἐν δέ τε θ. τείρεθ' ὁμοῦ καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἱδρῷ Il.17.744.<br><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">πάτασσε δὲ θ. ἑκάστου</b> each man's [[heart]] [[beat]] [[high]], 23.370, cf. 7.216.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[soul]], as shown by the feelings and passions; and so,<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[desire]] or [[inclination]], esp. desire for meat and drink, [[appetite]], πιέειν ὅτε θ. ἀνώγοι Il.4.263; πλησάμενος… θυμὸν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος Od.17.603: generally, τά με θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει Il.7.68; <b class="b3">βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θ.</b> 8.301; αἲ γάρ με μένος καὶ θ. ἀνείη 22.346; <b class="b3">θ. ἐποτρύνῃ [τινά]</b> Od.9.139; <b class="b3">θ. ἐπέσσυταί τινι, ἐφορμᾶται</b>, Il.1.173, 13.73; <b class="b3">ἤθελε θυμῷ</b> he [[wish]]ed [[in his heart]] or [[with all his heart]], 16.255, 21.65; ἵετο θυμῷ 2.589; so later <b class="b3">θυμῷ βουλόμενοι</b> wishing [[with all their heart]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 5.49; [ὄσσα ϝ] οι θ. κε θέλῃ γένεσθαι Sapph.''Supp.''1.3; θυμὸς ὥρμα Pi. ''O.''3.25, cf. 38; θυμὸς ἡδονὴν φέρει S.''El.''286; ὧν ἐρᾷ θυμός Herod.7.61; τῶν σφι θ. ἦν μάλιστα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.1; ἄλλως σφι θ. ἐγένετο θεήσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον Id.8.116, etc.: with Verb omitted, σὲ γάρ μοι θῦμος ὔμνην Alc. 5; <b class="b3">ἄρχ' αὐτὸς ὥς σοι θ.</b> S.''El.''1319; <b class="b3">ὅπου ὑμῖν θ.</b> [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.1.37; βῆξαι θυμός ἐγγίνεται Hp.''Prog.''8.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[mind]], [[temper]], [[will]], <b class="b3">θ. πρόφρων, ἵλαος</b>, Il. 8.39, 9.639; <b class="b3">θ. ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής, νηλέα θ. ἔχοντας, σιδήρεος θ.</b>, 15.94, 19.229, Od.5.191; <b class="b3">ἕνα θ. ἔχειν</b> to be of one [[mind]], Il.15.710, etc.; οὐδὲ λύκοι τε καὶ ἄρνες ὁμόφρονα θ. ἔχουσιν 22.263; ἕτερος δέ με θ. ἔρυκε Od.9.302; <b class="b3">ἐμὸν θ. ἔπειθεν</b> ib.33; [[θωπεία]]ς κολακικάς, αἳ… τοὺς θ. ποιοῦσιν κηρίνους Pl.''Lg.''633d.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[spirit]], [[courage]], <b class="b3">μένος καὶ θ.</b> Il.20.174; θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι λαβεῖν Od.10.461; <b class="b3">πᾶσιν δὲ παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θ.</b> Il.15.280; <b class="b3">ψῦχρος ἔγεντο θ.</b>, of [[dove]]s, Sapph.16; θ. ἔχειν ἀγαθόν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.120; θ. οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν S.''El.''26; ὁ θυμὸς εὐθὺς ἦν Ἀμυνίας [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''570; <b class="b3">ἴωμεν ῥώμῃ καὶ θυμῷ ἐπί</b>… [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.2.21; φρονήματός τε καὶ θυμοῦ ἐμπίπλασθαι Pl.''R.''411c: so in Philos., opp. [[λόγος]], [[ἐπιθυμία]], ib.440b, al., cf. Arist.''Pol.''1328a7, 1327b24, Phld.''Mus.''p.26K., etc.; personified, [[Passion]], [[Emotion]], opp. [[Λογισμός]], Cleanth.Stoic.1.129.<br><span class="bld">4</span> the [[seat]] of [[anger]], χωόμενον κατὰ θυμόν Il.1.429; νεμεσιζέσθω ἐνὶ θυμῷ 17.254; θυμὸν ἐχώσατο 16.616, etc.: hence, [[anger]], [[wrath]], δάμασον θυμόν 9.496; <b class="b3">εἴξας ᾧ θυμῷ</b> ib.598; θυμὸς μέγας ἐστὶ… βασιλήων 2.196; θ. ὀξύς S.''OC'' 1193; θ. κρείσσων τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων E.''Med.''1079, etc.; [[θυμῷ]] [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] for [[θυμοῦ]] in S.''Ant.''718; οἱ τῷ θ. πραχθέντες φόνοι Pl.''Lg.''867b; opp. [[λογισμός]], Th.2.11, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐπανάγειν τὸν θ.</b> [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.160; ἐκτείνειν And.3.31; καταθέσθαι Ar.''V.''567; δακεῖν Id.''Nu.''1369; θυμῷ χρᾶσθαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.137, al.; ὀργῆς καὶ θυμοῦ μεστοί Isoc.12.81 (so <b class="b3">τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θ.</b>, i.e. the outward manifestation of [[ὀ]]., Phld.''Ir.''p.90W.); of horses, X.''Eq.'' 9.2: pl. (not earlier than Pl., [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''718 (lyr.)), [[fits of anger]], [[passions]], περὶ φόβων τε καὶ θυμῶν Pl.''Phlb.''40e; οἵ τε θ. καὶ αἱ κολάσεις Id.''Prt.''323e, cf. Arist.''Rh.''1390a11.<br><span class="bld">5</span> the [[heart]], as the [[seat]] of the [[emotion]]s, esp. [[joy]] or [[grief]], <b class="b3">χαῖρε, γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ</b>, Il.14.156, 7.189; θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γεγήθει 13.494; μιν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θ. ἵκανεν 2.171; <b class="b3">ἄχνυτο θ.</b> 14.39, etc.; <b class="b3">δόκησε δ' ἄρα σφίσι θ. ὣς ἔμεν ὡς εἰ</b>… they felt as glad at [[heart]] as if... Od.10.415; <b class="b3">μηδ' ὀνίαισι δάμνα… θ.</b> Sapph.1.4; of fear, δέος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ Il.17.625, cf. 8.138; of [[love]], τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον 9.343; ἐκ θυμοῦ στέργοισα Theoc.17.130; <b class="b3">ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ</b> my [[heart's]] [[beloved]], Il.5.243; reversely, <b class="b3">ἀπὸ θ. μᾶλλον ἐμοὶ ἔσεαι</b> wilt be [[alien]] from my [[heart]], 1.562; <b class="b3">ἐκ θ. πεσέειν</b>, i.e. to [[lose]] thy [[favour]], 23.595; ἔρωτι θυμὸν ἐκπλαγεῖσα E.''Med.''8; ἐκ θ. κλαῦσαι Philet. 11.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[mind]], [[soul]], as the seat of [[thought]], <b class="b3">ταῦθ' ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θ.</b> Il.1.193, etc.; <b class="b3">ᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θ.</b> 2.409, cf. 4.163, etc.; φράζετο θυμῷ 16.646; ἐν θ. ἐβάλοντο [[ἔπος]] 15.566; τοὺς λόγους θυμῷ βάλε A.''Pr.''706; εἰς θ. βαλεῖν τι S.''OT''975; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐς θ. φέρω</b> I bring him not into my [[mind]] or [[thoughts]], Id.''El.''1347.