πόνος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, ([[πένομαι]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[work]], esp. [[hard work]], [[toil]], in Hom. mostly of the [[toil]] of [[war]], [[μάχη]]ς πόνος = the [[toil]] of [[battle]], Il.16.568; [[πόνος]] alone = [[μάχη]], 6.77, Od.12.117, al.; [[πόνον ἔχειν]] = [[μάχεσθαι]], Il.6.525, cf. 13.2, al.; ἀνδράσι δυσμενέεσσι π. καὶ δῆριν ἔθεντο 17.158; π. ἀνδρῶν Thgn.987; πόνοι Ἐνυαλίου Pi.''I.''6(5).54; <b class="b3">ἐν τούτῳ τῷ πόνῳ ὁ πολέμαρχος διαφθείρεται</b> in this [[struggle]] (at [[Marathon]]), [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.114; ἐν τοῖσι Τρωϊκοῖσι π. Id.9.27.<br><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[toil]], [[labour]], ἐπεὶ παύσαντο πόνου Il.1.467, al.; <b class="b3">πόνον ὀρνίθεσσι τιθείη</b> [[cause]] [[toil]] to them, Hes.''Op.''470; <b class="b3">πόνον λαβόντας</b> [[incur]]ring [[toil]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.24; π. παρέχειν μανθάνοντι Pl.''R.'' 526c; [[μάταιος]] πόνος = [[labour]] [[in vain]], Id.''Ti.''40d; οἱ κατὰ τὰ σώματα π. Id.''Plt.''294e; π. συνεχής Democr.241; πολλῷ π. A.''Pers.''509; μετὰ πολλοῦ π. Pl.''Sph.''230a; σὺν π. X.''Cyn.''9.6; οὐ μακρῷ π. A.''Pr.''75; ἄνευ π. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.6.22; <b class="b3">ἔχει πόνον πολύν</b> [[involve]]s much [[trouble]], Ar.''Pax'' 1216 (also [[εἰνάλιον]] πόνον ἐχοίσας βαθύν σκευᾶς = when the [[tackle]] [[labour]]s in the depths of the sea, Pi.''P.''2.79): pl., π. ἑκούσιοι Democr.240.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of special kinds of labour, [[bodily]] [[exertion]], [[exercise]], στρατιωτικοὶ π. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.3.9; of [[exertion]]s in the games, Hes.''Sc.''305, Pi.''N.''4.1, [[l]].4(3).47, etc.; <b class="b3">γυμνάσια... νεανιᾶν</b> (prob.) πόνον the [[scene]] of [[youthful]] [[labour]]s, E.''Hel.''211 (lyr.); εἰναλίοισι πόνοισι Theoc.21.39.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[work]], [[task]], [[business]], ἐπεὶ π. ἄλλος ἔπειγεν Od.11.54; [[enterprise]], [[undertaking]], S.''Ph.''864 (lyr.), etc.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[implement]]s for [[labour]], [[stock-in-trade]], οὗτος τοῖς ἁλιεῦσιν ὁ πᾶς πόνος Theoc.21.14; <b class="b3">καὶ πόνος ἐντὶ θάλασσα</b> the sea is their [[workshop]], Mosch.''Fr.''1.10.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[stress]], [[trouble]], [[distress]], [[suffering]], Il.19.227; Τρώεσσι πόνον καὶ κήδε' ἔθηκεν 21.525; ἦ μὴν καὶ π. ἐστὶν . . 2.291; <b class="b3">ἐν τούτῳ τῷ πόνῳ</b>, of a [[storm]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.190; ὁ Μηδικὸς [πόνος] the [[trouble]] from the [[Medes]], Id.4.1; παῦροι ἐν πόνῳ πιστοί Pi.''N.''10.78: freq. in Trag., πόνος πόνῳ πόνον φέρει [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''866 (lyr.); πόνον ἔχειν Id.''OC''232 (lyr.), etc.: in plural, [[suffering]]s, A.''Pr.''66, 328, etc.; [[πόνους πονεῖν]] (cf. [[πονέω]] B.1.2); διά τινα πόνους ἔχειν Ar.''Ec.'' 975 (lyr.); also of [[disease]], κατέβαινεν ἐς τὰ στήθη ὁ π. Th.2.49; πλευρᾶς πόνοι καὶ θώρακος καὶ ἥπατος Dsc.1.2; <b class="b3">ἰσχίων πόνοις καὶ πλευρᾶς</b> ib. 73.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[pain]], esp. [[physical pain]], δύο π. ἅμα γενομένων, μὴ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τόπον, ὁ σφοδρότερος ἀμαυροῖ τὸν ἕτερον Hp.''Aph.''2.46, cf. Erot. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[πόνοι]], Gal.17(2).699; π. ἐν κεφαλῇ Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 40; ἐς τὰ ἄρθρα πόνοι Id.''Aph.''4.44,45, cf. Sor.1.27, al.; π. ἐς ἀμφοτέρας κνήμας Hp. ''Epid.''1.26.γ, cf. δ, al., [[LXX]] ''Ge.''34.25; distinguished from [[λύπη]] (pain in general), Alex.Aphr.''Quaest.''125.33; but sometimes = [[λύπη]], Epicur.''Ep.''3p.65U., ''Sent.Vat.''4, ''Fr.''442, Phld.''Mus.''p.72K.<br><span class="bld">III</span> anything produced by [[work]], a [[work]], <b class="b3">μελισσᾶν τρητὸς πόνος</b>, of [[honey]], Pi.''P.''6.54; ὑψηλὸς τεκτόνων π. A.''Fr.''357, cf. E.''Or.''1570; <b class="b3">ὁ ἐμὸς ὠδίνων πόνος</b>, the [[fruit]] of my [[birth-pain]]s, of a [[child]], Id.''Ph.''30; so, <b class="b3">πόνον ὀρταλίχων ὀλέσαντες</b>, i.e. the [[nestling]]s, A.''Ag.''54 (anap.); τοὺς ἡμετέρους πόνους = the [[fruit]]s of our [[labour]], X.''An.''7.6.9.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[Πόνος]] = [[Ponos]], personified as son of [[Eris]], Hes.''Th.''226.