πρός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Prep., expressing [[direction]], [[on the side of]], [[in the direction of]], hence c. gen., dat., and acc., [[from]], [[at]], [[to]]; Epic also [[προτί]] and [[ποτί]], in Hom. usually c. acc., more rarely c. dat., and each only once c. gen., ''Il.'' 11.831, 22.198; — dialectal forms; Doric [[ποτί]] and [[ποί]], but ''Cretan'' [[πορτί]] ''Leg. Gort.'' 5.44, etc., Argive [[προτ]](ί) Schwyzer 84.3 (found at Tylisus, V BC), restored in ''Mnemos.'' 57.208 (Argos, vi BC), and in Alcm. 30; ''Arc., Cyprian'' [[πός]] SIG 306.11 (Tegea, iv BC), ''Inscr.Cyprian'' 135.19H., also sometimes in Asia Minor in compds., v. [[ποσάγω]], [[ποσφέρω]]· ''Aeolic'' [[πρός]] Sappho 69 (προσ-), 109, Alc. 20 ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]); [[πρές]] Jo. Gramm. Comp. 3.10; [[Pamphylian]] περτ(ί) Schwyzer 686.7, 686a4. (With [[προτί]], [[πρός]] cf. Skt. ''práti'' 'towards, near to, against, back, etc.', Slav. ''protivŭ'', Lett. ''pret'' 'against', Latin [[pretium]]; [[ποτί]] and [[πός]] are not cogn.)<br><b class="num"></b>A. WITH GEN., [[πρός]] refers to that [[from]] which something comes:<br><b class="num">I.</b> of [[place]], [[from]], [[ἵκετο]] ἠὲ πρὸς [[ἠοίων]] ἦ [[ἑσπερίων]] [[ἀνθρώπων]] ''Od.'' 8.29; τὸν πρὸς [[Σάρδεων]] [[ἤλεκτρον]] S. ''Ant.'' 1037 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]).<b class="num">2.</b> [[on the side of]], [[towards]], νήσοισι πρὸς Ἤλιδος = [[towards]] [[Elis]], ''Od.'' 21.347; πρὸς [[ἁλός]], πρὸς [[Θύμβρης]], ''Il.'' 10.428, 430; [[εἶναι]] πρὸς [[θαλάσσης]] Hdt. 2.154; [[ἱδρῦσθαι]] πρὸς τοῦ [[Ἑλλησπόντου]] Id. 8.120; [[ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο]] πρὸς [[Ὀλύνθου]] Th. 1.62, etc.; φυλακαὶ πρὸς [[Αἰθιόπων]], πρὸς [[Ἀραβίων]], πρὸς [[Διβύη]]ς, [[on the frontier towards]] the Ethiopians, etc., Hdt. 2.30; freq. with words denoting the [[point]]s of the [[compass]], [[δύω]] [[θύρα]]ι [[εἰσίν]], αἱ μὲν πρὸς [[βορέαο]], αἱ δ' αὖ πρὸς [[νότου]] one on the north [[side]], the other on the south [[side]], ''Od.'' 13.110; οἰκέουσι πρὸς νότου ἀνέμου Hdt. 3.101; πρὸς [[ἄρκτου]] τε καὶ [[βορέω]] ἀνέμου κατοικημένοι ''ib.'' 102; πρὸς [[μεσαμβρίης]] ''ib.'' 107; πρὸς τοῦ [[Τμώλου]] [[τετραμμένον]] τῆς [[πόλιος]] (in such phrases the acc. is more common) Id. 1.84; πρὸς [[Πλαταιῶν]] Th. 3.21; πρὸς [[Νεμέας]] Id. 5.59; ἀπὸ [[τῆσδε]] τῆς [[ὁδοῦ]] τὸ πρὸς τοῦ [[λιμένος]] [[ἅπαν]] everything [[on the]] harbour-[[ward side]] of this road, IG1². 892; combined with πρὸς c. acc., πρὸς ἠῶ τε καὶ τοῦ [[Τανάϊδος]] Hdt. 4.122; τὸν [[μέν]] πρὸς [[βορέω]] [[ἑστεῶτα]], τὸν δὲ πρὸς [[νότον]] Id. 2.121, cf. 4.17.<br><b class="num">3.</b> [[before]], [[in presence of]], μάρτυροι ἔστων πρὸς τε θεῶν μακάρων πρὸς τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων ''Il.'' 1.339; οὐδ' [[ἐπιορκήσω]] πρὸς [[δαίμονος]] 19.188; [[ποίτοῦ]] [[Ἀπόλλωνος]]… [[ὑπίσχομαι]] prob. in IG2². 1126.7 (Amphict. Delph., iv BC); [[ὑποσχομένους]] πρὸς τοῦ [[Διός]] ''ib.'' 1237.16; hence,<b class="num">b.</b> [[in the eyes of]], [[ἄδικον]] οὐδὲν [[οὔτε]] πρὸς [[θεῶν]] [[οὔτε]] πρὸς [[ἀνθρώπων]] Th. 1.71, cf. X. ''An.'' 1.6.6, etc.; [[ὅσιος]] πρὸς [[θεῶν]] Lex ap. And. 1.97; [[κατειπάτω]]… [[ἁγνῶς]] πρὸς τοῦ [[θεοῦ]] if he wishes to be pure [[in the sight of]] the god, SIG 986.9, cf. 17 (Chios, v/iv BC); ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς πρὸς [[ἀνθρώπων]] βραχὺ [[μέτρον]] [[ἔχει]] Pi. ''P.'' 4.286.<br><b class="num">4.</b> in supplication or adjuration, [[before]], and so, [[in the name of]], σε… [[γουνάζομαι]]… πρὸς τ' [[ἀλόχου]] καὶ [[πατρός]] ''Od.'' 11.67; πρὸς [[θεῶν]] πατρῴων S. ''Ant.'' 839 (lyr.), etc.; [[ἱκετεύω]], [[ἀντιβολῶ]] πρὸς [[παίδων]], πρὸς [[γυναικῶν]], etc., D. 28.20, etc.; the verb is freq. omitted with πρὸς [[θεῶν]] or τῶν [[θεῶν]], E. ''Hec.'' 551, S. ''OT'' 1037, Ar. ''V.'' 760; πρὸς τοῦ [[Διός]] Id. ''Av.'' 130; less freq. with other words, πρὸς τῆς [[ἑστίας]] E. ''Fr.'' 953.39; πρὸς [[Χαρίτων]] Luc. ''Hist. Conscr.'' 14; μὴ πρὸς [[γενείου]] S. ''El.'' 1208; μὴ πρὸς [[ξενίας]] [[τᾶς]] [[σᾶς]] Id. ''OC'' 515 (lyr.); sometimes in questions, πρὸς [[θεῶν]], [[τίς]] [[οὕτως]] [[εὐήθης]] [[ἐστίν]]· [[in heaven's name]], <b class="num">D.</b> 1.15; πρὸς τῆς [[Ἀθηνᾶς]]…; Din. 1.45; ἆρ' οὖν, ὦ πρὸς Διός,…; Pl. ''R.'' 459a, cf. Ap. 26e; sometimes in Trag. with the pron. σε between prep. and case, πρὸς [[νύν]] σε πατρὸς πρὸς τε [[μητρός]]… [[ἱκνοῦμαι]] S. ''Ph.'' 468; μὴ πρὸς σε [[γονάτων]] E. ''Med.'' 324.<br><b class="num">5.</b> of origin or descent, [[from]], [[on the side of]], [[γένος]] ἐξ [[Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ]] τὰ πρὸς [[πατρός]] [[by the father's side]], Hdt. 7.99; [[Ἀθηναῖον]]… καὶ τὰ πρὸς πατρὸς καὶ τὰ πρὸς [[μητρός]] D. 57.17, cf. Isoc. 3.42, SIG 1015.7 (Halic.); [[πρόγονοι]] ἢ πρὸς [[ἀνδρῶν]] ἢ [[γυναικῶν]] [[in the male or female line]], Pl. ''Tht.'' 173d; ὁ πατὴρ πρὸς μὲν ἀνδρῶν ἦν τῶν Εὐπατριδῶν Isoc. 16.25; οἱ [[συγγενεῖς]] τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ πρὸς [[ἀνδρῶν]] καὶ πρὸς γυναικῶν D. 57.23; οἱ πρὸς [[αἷμα|αἵματος]] blood-relations, S. ''Aj.'' 1305; ἢ φίλων τις ἢ πρὸς [[αἷμα|αἵματος]] [[φύσιν]] Id. ''El.'' 1125.<br><b class="num">ΙI</b>. of effects [[proceeding from]] what cause soever; [[from]], [[at the hand of]], with Verbs of having, receiving, etc., ὡς ἂν… τιμὴν καὶ [[κῦδος]] [[ἄρηαι]] πρὸς [[πάντων]] [[Δαναῶν]] ''Il.'' 16.85, cf. 1.160, etc.; τιμὴν πρὸς Ζηνὸς [[ἔχοντες]] ''Od.'' 11.302; [[δίδοι]] οἱ… [[χάριν]] ποτ' [[ἀστῶν]] καὶ ποτὶ [[ξείνων]] Pi. ''O.'' 7.90; [[ἄνθεα]] [[τιμῆς]] πρὸς [[θνητῶν]] [[ἀνελέσθαι]] Emp. 4.7; [[φυλακῆς]] πρὸς [[δήμου]] [[κυρῆσαι]] Hdt. 1.59; [[τυχεῖν]] τινος πρὸς [[θεῶν]] A. ''Th.'' 550, cf. S. ''Aj.'' 527; λαχὼν πρὸς [[δαιμόνων]] [[ὄλβον]] Pi. ''N.'' 9.45; [[κακόν]] τι πρὸς [[θεῶν]] ἢ πρὸς [[ἀνθρώπων]] [[λαβεῖν]] Hdt. 2.139, etc.; [[μανθάνειν]] πρὸς [[ἀστῶν]] S. ''OC'' 13; with passive Verbs, προτὶ [[Ἀχιλλῆος]] [[δεδιδάχθαι]] to have been taught [[by]]…, ''Il.'' 11.831, cf. S. ''OT'' 357; [[ἄριστα]] [[πεποίηται]]… πρὸς [[Τρώων]] ''Il.'' 6.57; αἴσχε' [[ἀκούω]] πρὸς [[Τρώων]] ''ib.'' 525, cf. Heraclit. 79; ταῦτα… πρὸς [[τούτου]] [[κλύειν]] S. ''OT'' 429; οὐ [[λέγεται]] πρὸς [[οὐδαμῶν]] Hdt. 1.47; [[ἀτιμάζεσθαι]], [[τετιμῆσθαι]] πρὸς [[τινῶν]], ''ib.'' 61, 2.75; also [[λόγου]] οὐδενὸς [[γίνεσθαι]] πρὸς [[τινῶν]] Id. 1.120; [[παθεῖν]] τι πρὸς τινός [[at the hand of]], ''ib.'' 73; πρὸς [[ἀλλήλοιν]] [[θανεῖν]] E. ''Ph.'' 1269, cf. S. ''OT'' 1237; πρὸς τῆς [[τύχης]] [[ὄλωλεν]] ''ib.'' 949; τὸ [[ποιεύμενον]] πρὸς τῶν [[Λακεδαιμονίων]] Hdt. 7.209; [[αἰτηθέντες]] πρὸς τινὸς [[χρήματα]] Id. 8.111; [[ἱμέρου]] [[βέλει]] πρὸς [[σοῦ]] [[τέθαλπται]] A. ''Pr.'' 650; with an ''Adj.'' or ''Subst.'', [[τιμήεσσα]] πρὸς [[πόσιος]] ''Od.'' 18.162; [[ἐπίφθονος]] πρὸς τῶν [[πλεόνων]] [[ἀνθρώπων]] Hdt. 7.139; [[ἔρημος]] πρὸς [[φίλων]] S. ''Ant.'' 919; ἀπαθὴς πρὸς [[ἀστῶν]] Pi. ''P.'' 4.297; πειθὼ πρὸς τινός S. ''El.'' 562; πρὸς [[Τρώων]]… [[κλέος]] [[εἶναι]] ''Il.'' 22.514; [[ἄρκεσις]] πρὸς [[ἀνδρός]], [[δόξα]] πρὸς [[ἀνθρώπων]], S. ''OC'' 73, E. ''Heracl.'' 624 (lyr.); [[ἐλίπετο]] [[ἀθάνατον]] [[μνήμην]] πρὸς [[Ἑλλησποντίων]] Hdt. 4.144; with an Adv., [[οἶμαι]] γὰρ ἂν [[οὐκ]] [[ἀχαρίστως]] μοι [[ἔχειν]] [[οὔτε]] πρὸς [[ὑμῶν]] [[οὔτε]] πρὸς τῆς [[Ἑλλάδος]] I shall meet with no ingratitude [[at]] your [[hands]], X. ''An.'' 2.3.18, cf. Pl. ''R.'' 463d. of things, πρὸς [[τίνος]] ποτ' [[αἰτίας]] [τέθνηκεν]; [[from]] of [[by]] what [[cause]]? S. ''OT'' 1236; πρὸς [[ἀμπλακημάτων]] [[by]] or [[by reason of]]…, Id. ''Ant.'' 51.<br><b class="num">III</b>. of dependence or close connexion; hence, [[dependent on]] one, [[under]] one's [[protection]], πρὸς [[Διός]] [[εἰσι]] [[ξεῖνοί]] τε [[πτωχοί]] τε ''Od.'' 6.207, 14.57; [[δικασπόλοι]], οἵ τε [[θέμιστας]] πρὸς Διὸς [[εἰρύαται]] [[by commission from]] him, ''Il.'' 1.239; πρὸς [[ἄλλης]] ἱστὸν [[ὑφαίνοις]] [[at the bidding of]] another, 6.456.<br><b class="num"></b>[[on]] one's [[side]], [[in]] one's [[favour]], Hdt. 1.75, 124, S. ''OT'' 1434, ''Tr.'' 479, etc.; πρὸς τῶν [[ἐχόντων]]… τὸν [[νόμον]] [[τίθης]] E. ''Alc.'' 57.<br><b class="num">IV</b>. of that which is [[derivable from]]; hence, [[agreeable to]], [[becoming]], [[like]], τὰ [[τοιαῦτα]] [[ἔργα]] οὐ πρὸς τοῦ [[ἅπαντος]] ἀνδρὸς [[νενόμικα]] [[γίνεσθαι]], ἀλλὰπ. [[ψυχῆς]] τε [[ἀγαθῆς]] καὶ [[ῥώμης]] [[ἀνδρηΐης]] Hdt. 7.153, cf. 5.12; ἦ [[κάρτα]] πρὸς γυναικὸς [[αἴρεσθαι]] [[κέαρ]] 'tis very [[like]] a woman, A. ''Ag.'' 592, cf. 1636; οὐ πρὸς [[ἰατροῦ]] [[σοφοῦ]] [[θρηνεῖν]] [[ἐπῳδάς]] S. ''Aj.'' 581, cf. Ar. ''V.'' 369, E. ''Hel.'' 950, etc.; πρὸς [[σοῦ]] [[ἐστι]] Id. ''HF'' 585, etc.; [[οὐκ]] ἦν πρὸς τοῦ [[Κύρου]] [[τρόπου]] X. ''An.'' 1.2.11, etc.; of qualities, etc., πρὸς [[δυσσεβείας]] A. ''Ch.'' 704; πρὸς [[δίκης]] οὐδὲν [[τρέμων]] [[agreeably to]] justice, S. ''OT'' 1014, cf. ''El.'' 1211; οὐ πρὸς τῆς [[ὑμετέρας]] [[δόξης]] Th. 3.59; [[ἐάν]] τι [[ἡμῖν]] πρὸς [[λόγου]] ᾖ if it be at all [[to]] our [[purpose]], Pl. ''Grg.'' 459c; εἰ [[τόδε]] πρὸς [[τρόπου]] [[λέγω]] [[correctly]], Id. ''R.'' 470c; but πρὸς [[τρόπου]] τι [[ὠνεῖσθαι]] buy [[at a reasonable price]], Thphr. ''Char.'' 30.12; τὰ [[γενήματα]] πρὸς [[ἐλάσσονος]] [[τιμᾶς]] [[πωλῶν]] IG 5(2).515.14 (Lycosura); πρὸς [[ἀγαθοῦ]], πρὸς [[κακοῦ]] τινί [[ἐστι]] or [[γίγνεται]], it is [[to]] one's advantage or otherwise, Arist. ''Mu.'' 397a30, Arr. ''An.'' 7.16.5, Hld. 7.12; πρὸς [[ἀτιμίας]] [[λαβεῖν]] τι to take a thing [[as]] an [[insult]], [[regard]] it so, Plu. ''Cic.'' 13; πρὸς [[δέους]] [[λαβεῖν]] τι Id. ''Flam.'' 7; [[λαβεῖν]] τι πρὸς [[ὀργῆς]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ὀργήν]]) J. ''AJ'' 8.1.3; μοι πρὸς [[εὐκλείας]] [[γένοιτο]] ''ib.'' 18.7.7; τῷ [[δήμῳ]] πρὸς [[αἰσχύνης]] ἂν ἦν, πρὸς [[ὀνείδους]] ἂν ἦν τῇ [[πόλει]], Lib. ''Decl.'' 43.27, 28.<br><b class="num"></b>B. WITH DAT., it expresses proximity, [[hard by]], [[near]], [[at]], ποτὶ [[γαίῃ]] ''Od.'' 8.190, 11.423; ποτὶ [[γούνασι]] ''Il.'' 5.408; ποτὶ [[δρυσίν]] [[among]] the oaks, 14.398 ([[nisi legendum|nisi leg.]] [[περί]])· πρὸς [[ἄκμονι]] [[χαλκεύειν]] Pi. ''P.'' 1.86; ποτὶ [[γραμμᾷ]] [[στᾶσαί]] τινα ''ib.'' 9.118; [[ἄγκυραν]] ποτὶ [[ναΐ]] [[κρημνάντων]] ''ib.'' 4.24; [[δῆσαί]] τινα πρὸς [[φάραγγι]] A. ''Pr.'' 15; νεὼς [[καμούσης]] [[ποντίῳ]] πρὸς [[κύματι]] Id. ''Th.'' 210; πρὸς [[μέσῃ]] [[ἀγορᾷ]] S. ''Tr.'' 371; πρὸς [[Ἀργείων]] [[στρατῷ]] Id. ''Aj.'' 95; πρὸς [[πέδῳ]] [[κεῖται]] Id. ''OT'' 180 (lyr.); [[θακεῖν]] πρὸς [[ναοῖς]] ''ib.'' 20, cf. A. ''Eu.'' 855; πρὸς [[ἡλίου]] [[ναίουσι]] [[πηγαῖς]] Id. ''Pr.'' 808; πρὸς τῇ γῇ [[ναυμαχεῖν]] Th. 7.34; ἐς [[μάχην]] [[καθίστασθαι]] πρὸς ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] ὑπ') [[αὐτῇ]] τῇ [[πόλει]] Id. 2.79; [[τεῖχος]] πρὸς τῇ [[θαλάσσῃ]] Id. 3.105; αἱ πρὸς [[θαλάττῃ]] [[πόλεις]] X. ''HG'' 4.8.1; τὸ πρὸς [[Αἰγίνῃ]] [[στράτευμα]] [[off]] [[Aegina]], Th. 1.105; [[Λίβυες]] οἱ πρὸς [[Αἰγύπτῳ]] [[bordering on]]…, ''ib.'' 104; τὸ πρὸς [[ποσί]] that which is [[close to]] the feet, [[before]] one, S. ''OT'' 130, etc.; [[θρηνεῖν]] ἐπῳδὰς πρὸς… [[πήματι]] [[over]] it, Id. ''Aj.'' 582; αἱ πρὸς τῇ [[βάσει]] γωνίαι the angles [[at]] the base, Euc. 1.5, al.; τὴν πρὸς τῷ… [[ἱερῷ]] [[κρήνην]] IG2². 338.13, cf. SIG 1040.15 (Piraeus, iv BC), al.<br><b class="num"></b>[[before]], [[in the presence of]], πρὸς τοῖς [[θεσμοθέταις]], πρὸς τῷ [[διαιτητῇ]] [[λέγειν]], D. 20.98, 39.22; [[ὅσα]] πρὸς τοῖς [[κριταῖς]] [[γέγονεν]] Id. 21.18; πρὸς [[διαιτητῇ]] [[φεύγειν]] Id. 22.28. with Verbs denoting [[motion towards]] a place, [[upon]], [[against]], ποτὶ δὲ [[σκῆπτρον]] [[βάλε]] [[γαίῃ]] ''Il.'' 1.245, ''Od.'' 2.80; με [[βάλῃ]]… ποτὶ [[πέτρῃ]] 5.415, cf. 7.279, 9.284; [[νῆας]] ποτὶ [[σπιλάδεσσιν]] [[ἔαξαν]] 3.298, cf. 5.401; [[λιαζόμενον]] ποτὶ γαίῃ sinking [[on]] the [[ground]], ''Il.'' 20.420; [[ἴσχοντες]] πρὸς ταῖς πόλεσι Th. 7.35. sometimes with a [[notion]] of [[clinging]] [[closely]], προτὶ οἷ [[λάβε]] clasped [[to]] him, ''Il.'' 20.418; προτὶ οἷ [[εἷλε]] 21.507; πρὸς [[ἀλλήλῃσιν]] [[ἔχονται]] ''Od.'' 5.329; [[προσπεπλασμένας]]… πρὸς [[ὄρεσι]] Hdt. 3.111; πρὸς [[δμῳαῖσι]] [[κλίνομαι]] fall [[into the arms of]]…, S. ''Ant.'' 1189; πρὸς τινί [[close to]], Men. ''Epit.'' 204.<br><b class="num">ΙI</b>. to express close engagement, [[at the point of]], πρὸς [[αὐτῷ]] γ' εἰμὶ τῷ [[δεινῷ]] [[λέγειν]] S. ''OT'' 1169; [[engaged in]] or [[about]], πρὸς τῷ [[εἰρημένῳ]] [[λόγῳ]] ἦν Pl. ''Phd.'' 84c, cf. ''Phdr.'' 249c, 249d; ἂν πρὸς τῷ [[σκοπεῖν]]… [[γένησθε]] D. 18.176; ἀεὶ πρὸς ᾧ [[εἴη]] [[ἔργῳ]], [[τοῦτο]] [[ἔπραττεν]] X. ''HG'' 4.8.22; [[διατρίβειν]] or [[σχολάζειν]] πρὸς τινί, Epicr. 11.3 (anap.), Arist. ''Pol.'' 1308b36 (but πρὸς ταῦτα ἐσχόλασα X. ''Mem.'' 3.6.6); [[ὅλος]] [[εἶναι]] πρὸς τῷ [[λήμματι]] D. 19.127; πρὸς τῇ [[ἀνάγκῃ]] [[ταύτῃ]] [[γίγνεσθαι]] Aeschin. 1.74; τὴν [[διάνοια]]ν, τὴν [[γνώμη]]ν [[ἔχειν]] πρὸς τινί, Pl. ''R.'' 500b, Aeschin. 3.192; [[κατατάξαι]] αὐτὸν πρὸς [[γράμμασιν]], i.e. give him a post as clerk, PCair. Zen. 342.3 (iii BC); ὁ πρὸς τοῖς [[γράμμασι]] [[τεταγμένος]] Plb. 15.27.7, cf. 5.54.7, DS. 2.29, 3.22; ἐπιμελητὴς πρὸς τῇ [[εἰκασίᾳ]] τοῦ [[σησάμου]] PTeb. 713.2, cf. 709.1 (ii BC).<br><b class="num">III</b>. to express union or addition, once in Hom., [[ἄασάν]] μ' [[ἕταροί]] τε κακοὶ πρὸς [[τοῖσί]] τε [[ὕπνος]] and [[besides]] them sleep, ''Od.'' 10.68; πρὸς τοῖς [[παροῦσιν]] [[ἄλλα]] [[in addition to]], A. ''Pr.'' 323, cf. ''Pers.'' 531, Xenoph. 8.3. Emp. 59.3; ἄλλους πρὸς ἑαυτῷ Th. 1.90; πρὸς ταῖς [[ἡμετέραις]] [τριήρεσι] Id. 6.90; [[δέκα]] [[μῆνας]] πρὸς [[ἄλλοις]] [[πέντε]] S. ''Tr.'' 45; [[τρίτος]]… πρὸς δέκ' [[ἄλλαισιν]] [[γοναῖς]] A. ''Pr.'' 774; [[κυβερνήτης]] πρὸς τῇ [[σκυτοτομίᾳ]] [[in addition to]] his trade of leather-cutter, Pl. ''R.'' 397e; freq. with neut. Adjs., πρὸς τῷ [[νέῳ]] [[ἁπαλός]] [[besides]] his youth, Id. ''Smp.'' 195c, cf. ''Tht.'' 185e; πρὸς τῷ [[βλαβερῷ]] καὶ [[ἀηδέστατον]] Id. ''Phdr.'' 240b; πρὸς [[τούτοισι]] [[besides]] this, Hdt. 2.51, cf. A. ''Pers.'' 237 (troch.), etc.; rarely in sg., πρὸς [[τούτῳ]] Hdt. 1.31, 41; πρὸς τοῖς [[ἄλλοις]] [[besides]] all the rest, Th. 2.61, etc.; — cf. the Advb. usage, infr.<br><b class="num"></b>C. WITH ACCUS., it expresses motion or direction towards an object; of [[place]], [[towards]], [[to]], with Verbs of Motion, [[ἰέναι]] πρὸς [[Ὄλυμπον]] ''Il.'' 1.420; [[ἰέναι]] πρὸς [[δώματα]], etc., ''Od.'' 2.288, etc.; [[ἰέναι]] πρὸς ἠῶ τ' [[ἠέλιόν]] τε ''Il.'' 12.239; [[φέρειν]] προτὶ [[ἄστυ]], [[ἄγειν]] προτὶ [[Ἴλιον]], etc., 13.538, 657, etc.; [[ἄγεσθαι]] πρὸς οἶκον, [[ἐρύεσθαι]] ποτὶ [[Ἴλιον]], 9.147, 18.174; [[ὠθεῖν]], [[δίεσθαι]] προτὶ [[ἄστυ]], 16.45, 15.681, etc.; [[ῥίπτασκε]] ποτὶ [[νέφεα]] ''Od.'' 8.374; [[βαλεῖν]] ποτὶ [[πέτρας]] 12.71; [[κυλινδόμενα]] προτὶ [[χέρσον]] 9.147; [[ἀπῆλθε]] πρὸς [[ἑαυτόν]] returned [[to]] his home, [[LXX]] Nu. 24.25; [[κληθῆναι]] πρὸς τὸ [[δεῖπνον]] (rarer than ἐπὶ [[δεῖπνον]]) Plu. ''Cat. Ma.'' 3. with Verbs implying previous motion, [[upon]], [[against]], πρὸς [[τεῖχος]], πρὸς [[κίονα]] [[ἐρείσας]], ''Il.'' 22.112, ''Od.'' 8.66; [[ἅρμα]]τα… ἔκλιναν πρὸς ἐνώπια ''Il.'' 8.435; [[ἔγχος]] [[ἔστησε]] πρὸς [[κίονα]] ''Od.'' 1.127; ποτὶ [[τοῖχον]] [[ἀρηρότες]] 2.342; ποτὶ βωμὸν [[ἵζεσθαι]] 22.334; πρὸς [[γοῦνα]] [[καθέζετό]] τινος 18.395; πρὸς ἄλλοτ' [[ἄλλον]] πημονὴ [[προσιζάνει]] A. ''Pr.'' 278; τὰ πολλὰ πατρὸς πρὸς [[τάφον]] [[κτερίσματα]] S. ''El.'' 931; [[χῶρον]] πρὸς αὐτὸν τόνδ' [[dubious|dub.]] in Id. ''Ph.'' 23; later, [[ἔστη]] πρὸς τὸν [[στῦλον]] [[LXX]] 4Ki. 23.3; ὁ [[ὄχλος]] πρὸς τὴν [[θάλασσαν]] ἐπὶ τῆς [[γῆς]] [[ἦσαν]] Ev. Marc. 4.1; πρὸς [[ὑμᾶς]] [[παραμενῶ]] [[with]] you, 1 Epic Cor. 16.6; [[ἐκήδευσαν]] τὸν… [[πατέρα]]… πρὸς τοὺς λοιποὺς [[συγγενεῖς]] [[beside]], ''Supp.Epigr.'' 6.106 (Cotiaeum). of addition, ποὶ τὰν [[στάλαν]] [[ποιγραψάνσθω]] [[τάδε]] SIG 56.46 (Argos, v BC); [[ἵππον]] [[προσετίθει]] πρὸς [[τοὔνομα]] Ar. ''Nu.'' 63, cf. Hdt. 6.125, X. ''HG'' 1.5.6, Pl. ''Phlb.'' 33c, Arist. ''Rh.'' 1359b28; [[προσεδαπάνησε]] πρὸς τὸ μερισθὲν [[αὐτῷ]] εἰς τὸ [[ἔλαιον]] ἐκ τῶν [[ἰδίων]] [[over and above]] the sum allotted to him, IG2². 1227.9; [[προσετέθη]] πρὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ was gathered [[to]] his people, [[LXX]] Ge. 49.33. with Verbs of seeing, looking, etc., [[towards]], [[ἰδεῖν]] πρὸς [[τινά]] ''Od.'' 12.244, al.; [[ὁρᾶν]], [[ἀποβλέπειν]] πρὸς τι or [[τινά]], A. ''Supp.'' 725, Ar. ''Ach.'' 291, etc.; [[ἀνταυγεῖ]] πρὸς [[Ὄλυμπον]] Emp. 44; [[στάντε]] ποτὶ [[πνοιήν]] [[so as to face]] it, ''Il.'' 11.622 (similarly, [[πέτονται]] πρὸς τὸ [[πνεῦμα]] [[against]] the wind, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]'' 597a32); [[κλαίεσκε]] πρὸς [[οὐρανόν]] cried [[to]] heaven, ''Il.'' 8.364; freq. of points of the compass, πρὸς [[ζόφον]] [[κεῖσθαι]] lie [[towards]] the West, ''Od.'' 9.26; [[ναίειν]] πρὸς ἠῶ τ' [[ἠέλιόν]] τε 13.240; [[στάντα]] πρὸς [[πρώτην]] ἕω S. ''OC'' 477; so in Prose, πρὸς ἠῶ τε καὶ [[ἡλίου]] [[ἀνατολάς]] Hdt. 1.201, cf. 4.40; πρὸς [[βορέην]] τε καὶ [[νότον]] Id. 2.149; also ἀκτὴ πρὸς [[Τυρσηνίην]] [[τετραμμένη]] τῆς [[Σικελίης]] Id. 6.22 (v. supr. A. 1.2); πρὸς [[ἥλιον]] [[facing]] the sun, and so, [[in]] [[the]] [[sunlight]], Ar. ''V.'' 772; so πρὸς [[λύχνον]] [[by]] [[lamplight]], Id. ''Pax'' 692, Jul. Epic 4; πρὸς τὸ λύχνον Hippon. 22 Diehl, cf. Arist. ''Mete.'' 375a27; πὸτ τὸ [[πῦρ]] Ar. ''Ach.'' 751; πρὸς τὸ [[πῦρ]] Pl. ''R.'' 372d, cf. Arist. ''Pr.'' 870a21; πρὸς [[φῶς]] [[in open]] day, S. ''El.'' 640; but, [[by]] torch-[[light]], Plu. 2.237a. in hostile sense, [[against]], πρὸς [[Τρῶας]] [[μάχεαι]] ''Il.'' 17.471; ἐστρατόωνθ'… πρὸς [[τείχεα]] [[Θήβης]] 4.378; πρὸς [[δαίμονα]] [[against]] his [[will]], 17.98; [[βεβλήκει]] πρὸς [[στῆθος]] 4.108; γούνατ' [[ἐπήδα]] πρὸς [[ῥόον]] [[ἀΐσσοντος]] 21.303; χρὴ πρὸς θεὸν [[οὐκ]] [[ἐρίζειν]] Pi. ''P.'' 2.88; πρὸς τοὐμὸν [[σπέρμα]] [[χωρήσαντα]] S. ''Tr.'' 304; [[ἐπιέναι]] πρὸς τινάς Th. 2.65; [[ὅσα]] [[ἔπραξαν]] οἱ [[Ἕλληνες]] πρὸς τε [[ἀλλήλους]] καὶ τὸν [[βάρβαρον]] Id. 1.118; [[ἀγωνίζεσθαι]] πρὸς [[τινά]] Pl. ''R.'' 579c; [[ἀντιτάττεσθαι]] πρὸς [[πόλιν]] X. ''Cyr.'' 3.1.18; also in argument, [[in reply to]], ταῦτα πρὸς τὸν Πιττακὸν [[εἴρηται]] Pl. ''Prt.'' 345c; and so in the titles of judicial speeches, [[πρός]] τινα [[in reply to]], less strong than [[κατά]] τινος [[against]] or [[in accusation]], D. 20 tit., etc.; [[μήτε]] πρὸς ἐμὲ [[μήτε]] κατ' [[ἐμοῦ]] [[δίκην]] [[εἶναι]] Is. 11.34. without any hostile sense, πρὸς [[ἀλλήλους]] ἔπεα πτερόεντ' ἀγόρευον ''Il.'' 3.155, cf. 5.274, 11.403, 17.200; πρὸς [[ξεῖνον]] [[φάσθαι]] [[ἔπος]] ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι ''Od.'' 17.584; [[λέγειν]], [[εἰπεῖν]], [[φράζειν]] πρὸς [[τινά]], Hdt. 1.8, 90, Ar. ''V.'' 335, ''Nu.'' 359; [[ἀπαγγεῖλαι]] πρὸς τινάς A. ''Ch.'' 267; [[μνησθῆναι]] πρὸς [[τινά]] Lys. 1.19, etc.; [[ἀμείψασθαι]] πρὸς [[τινά]] Hdt. 8.60 codd.; [[ἀποκρίνεσθαι]] πρὸς τινάς Ar. ''Ach.'' 632, Th. 5.42; [[ὤμοσε]] δὲ πρὸς ἔμ' [[αὐτόν]] he swore [[to]] me, ''Od.'' 14.331; πρὸς sometimes governs the reflex. pron., [[διαλογίζεσθαι]] πρὸς [[ὑμᾶς]] [[αὐτούς]] Is. 7.45; [[ἀναμνήσθητε]], [[ἐνθυμήθητε]] πρὸς [[ὑμᾶς]] [[αὐτούς]], Isoc. 6.52, 15.60; πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν… [[ἐλογιζόμην]] Pl. ''Ap.'' 21d; [[μινύρεσθαι]], [[ἄδειν]] πρὸς [[ἑαυτόν]], Ar. ''Ec.'' 880, 931; [[ἐπικωκύω]]… αὐτὴ πρὸς [[αὑτήν]] S. ''El.'' 285. πρὸς [[σφέας]] [[ἔχειν]] [[δοκέουσι]], i.e. they think they are pregnant, Hp. ''Nat. Puer.'' 30. of various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action, πρὸς… [[Διομήδεα]] τεύχε' ἄμειβεν changed arms [[with]] [[Diomedes]], ''Il.'' 6.235; [[ὅσα]]… [[ξυμβόλαια]]… ἦν τοῖς [[ἰδιώταις]] πρὸς τοὺς [[ἰδιώτας]] ἢ [[ἰδιώτῃ]] πρὸς τὸ [[κοινόν]] IG1². 116.19; [[σπονδάς]], [[συνθήκας]] [[ποιεῖσθαι]] πρὸς [[τινά]], Th. 4.15, Plb. 1.17.6; [[ξυγχωρεῖν]] πρὸς τινάς Th. 2.59; [[γίγνεται]] [[ὁμολογία]] πρὸς τινάς Id. 7.82, cf. Hdt. 1.61; πρὸς τινὰς [[ξυμμαχίαν]] [[ποιεῖσθαι]] Th. 5.22; πρὸς [[ἀλλήλους]] [[ἡσυχίαν]] [[εἶχον]] καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους… [[εἰρήνην]] [[ἦγον]] Isoc. 7.51; πρὸς [[ἀλλήλους]] [[ἔχθραι]] τε καὶ [[στέργηθρα]] A. ''Pr.'' 491; also [[σαίνειν]] ποτὶ [[πάντας]] Pi. ''P.'' 2.82, cf. ''O''. 4.6; [[παίζειν]] [[πρός]] [[τινας]] E. ''HF'' 952, etc.; [[ἀφροδισιάζειν]] πρὸς [[τινά]] X. ''Mem.'' 1.3.14; ἀγαθὸς [[γίγνεσθαι]] πρὸς [[τινά]] Th. 1.86; εὐσεβὴς πρὸς τινὰς [[πέλειν]] A. ''Supp.'' 340; [[διαλέγεσθαι]] πρὸς [[τινά]] converse [[with]]…, X. ''Mem.'' 1.6.1, Aeschin. 2.38, 40, 3.219; [[κοινοῦσθαι]] πρὸς τινάς Pl. ''Lg.'' 930c; πρὸς τοὺς [[οἰκέτας]] [[ἀνακοινοῦσθαι]] περὶ τῶν [[μεγίστων]] Thphr. ''Char.'' 4.2; [[διαλογίζεσθαι]] πρὸς [[τινά]] balance accounts [[with]]…, D. 52.3, cf. SIG 241.127 (Delph., iv BC); ἃ [[ἔχει]] [[διελόμενος]] πρὸς τὸν [[ἀδελφόν]] IG 12(7).55.8 (Amorgos, iv/iii BC), cf. D. 47.34. in phrases of the form ἡ πρὸς τινὰ [[εὔνοια]] ([[ἔχθρα]], etc.), πρὸς sometimes means [[towards]], as ἡ πρὸς αὑτοὺς [[φιλία]] the affection of their wives [[towards]] or [[for]] them, X. ''Cyr.'' 3.1.39; ἡ πρὸς [[ὑμᾶς]] [[ἔχθρα]] Id. ''HG'' 3.5.10; ἡ [[ἀπέχθεια]] ἡ πρὸς τοὺς [[πλουσίους]] Arist. ''Pol.'' 1305a23; τὴν πρὸς τοὺς [[τετελευτηκότας]] [[εὔνοιαν]] [[ὑπάρχουσαν]] D. 18.314, cf. SIG 352.13 (Ephesus, iv/iii BC), al.; φυσικαὶ [[τοκέων]] στοργαὶ πρὸς [[τέκνα]] [[ποθεινά]] IG 12(5).305.13 (Paros); but sometimes [[at the hands of]], ἡ πρὸς τὸ θεῖον [[εὐμένεια]] the favour of the gods, Th. 5.105; [[φθόνος]] τοῖς [[ζῶσι]] πρὸς τὸ [[ἀντίπαλον]] jealousy is incurred by the living [[at the hands of]] their rivals, Id. 2.45; τὴν [[ἀπέχθειαν]] τὴν πρὸς [[Θηβαίους]]… τῇ [[πόλει]] [[γενέσθαι]] the [[hostility]] [[incur]]red by [[Athens]] [[at the hands of]] the Thebans, D. 18.36, cf. 6.3, 19.85; τῇ [[φιλίᾳ]] τῇ πρὸς τὸν [[τετελευτηκότα]] the friendship [[with]] (not 'affection [[for]]') the deceased, Is. 1.17, cf. Pl. ''Ap.'' 21c, 28a, Isoc. 15.101, 19.50, Lycurg. 135, Din. 1.19, etc.; [[τίνος]] [[ὄντος]] ἐμοὶ πρὸς [[ὑμᾶς]] [[ἐγκλήματος]]· Lys. 10.23, cf. 16.10; [[τιμώμενος]]… διὰ τὴν πρὸς [[ὑμᾶς]] πίστιν Din. 3.12, cf. Lys. 12.67, D. 20.25; τῷ [[φόβῳ]] τῷ πρὸς [[ὑμᾶς]] the fear [[inspired by]] you, Id. 25.93; τῇ πρὸς [[Ῥωμαίους]] [[εὐνοία]] his popularity [[with]] the Romans, Plb. 23.7.5. of legal or other business transacted [[before]] a magistrate, witness, etc., [[τάδε]] ὁ [[σύλλογος]] [[ἐβουλεύσατο]]… πρὸς [[μνήμονας]] SIG 45.8 (Halic., v BC), cf. IG 7.15.1 (Megara, ii BC); [[γράφεσθαι]] αὐτὸν [[κλοπῆς]]… πρὸς τοὺς [[ἐπιμελητάς]] ''ib.'' 12.65.46; [[ἀτέλειαν]] [[εἶναι]] [[αὐτῷ]] καὶ [[δίκας]] πρὸς τὸν πολέμαρχον ''ib.'' 153.7; [[λόγος|λόγον]] [[διδόντων]] τῶν… [[χρημάτων]]… πρὸς τοὺς [[λογιστάς]] ''ib.'' 91.27; [[before]] a jury, [[ἔστι]] δὲ [[τούτοις]] μὲν πρὸς [[ὑμᾶς]] [[ἁγών]], [[ὑμῖν]] δὲ πρὸς [[ἅπασαν]] τὴν [[πόλιν]] Lys. 26.14; [[ἀντιδικῆσαι]] τῷ παιδὶ… πρὸς [[ὑμᾶς]] Is. 11.19 codd. ([[dubious|dub.]]); [[before]] a witness to whom an appeal for corroboration is made, Id. 3.25; [[ὀμόσαντες]] πὸ(τ) τὸν [[θεόν]] Schwyzer 418.11 (Elis); [[φέρρεν]] αὐτὸν πὸ(τ) τὸν [[Δία]] [[in the eyes of]] Zeus, ''ib.'' 415.7 (ibid.); [[λαχεῖν]] πρὸς τὸν [[ἄρχοντα]], [[γράφεσθαι]] πρὸς τοὺς [[θεσμοθέτας]], D. 43.15, Lex ''ib.'' 21.47, cf. Arist. ''Ath.'' 56.6; τοῖς [[ἐμπόροις]] [[εἶναι]] τὰς [[δίκας]] πρὸς τοὺς [[θεσμοθέτας]] D. 33.1; [[θέντων]] τὰ… [[ποτήρια]]… πρὸς [[Πολύχαρμον]] having pawned the cups [[with]] P., ''IPE'' 1². 32A15 (Olbia, iii BC); also [[διαβάλλειν]] τινὰ πρὸς τοὺς [[πολλούς]] X. ''Mem.'' 1.2.31, cf. D. 7.33.<br><b class="num">ΙI</b>. of [[time]], [[towards]] or [[near]] a certain time, [[at]] or [[about]], ποτὶ [[ἕσπερα]] ''Od.'' 17.191; ποτὶ [[ἕσπερον]] Hes. ''Op.'' 552; πρὸς [[ἑσπέραν]] Pl. ''R.'' 328a; ἐπεὶ πρὸς [[ἑσπέραν]] ἦν X. ''HG'' 4.3.22; πρὸς [[ἡμέραν]] Id. ''An.'' 4.5.21; πρὸς [[ὄρθρον]] Ar. ''Lys.'' 1089; ποτ' [[ὄρθρον]] ([[nisi legendum|nisi leg.]] [[πότορθρον]]) Theoc. 5.126, Erinna in PSI 9.1090.48 + 8 (p. xii); πρὸς ἕω Ar. ''Ec.'' 312; πρὸς ἀῶ [[ἐγρέσθαι]], πρὸς [[ἡμέραν]] [[ἐξεγρέσθαι]], Theoc. 18.55, Pl. ''Smp.'' 223c; πρὸς [[γῆρας]], πρὸς τὸ [[γῆρας]], [[in]] old age, E. ''Med.'' 592, Pl. ''Lg.'' 653a; πρὸς [[εὐάνθεμον]] [[φυάν]] [[in]] the bloom of life, Pi. ''O.'' 1.67; [[μέχρις]] [[ὅτου]] πρὸς [[γυναῖκας]] [[ὦσι]], i.e. of marriageable age, IG2². 1368.41; later, πρὸς τὸ [[παρόν]] [[for]] the moment, Luc. ''Epic Sat.'' 28, etc.; v. infr. III. 5.<br><b class="num">III</b>. of Relation between two objects, [[in reference to]], [[in respect of]], [[touching]], τὰ πρὸς τὸν [[πόλεμον]] military matters, equipments, etc., Th. 2.17, etc.; τὰ πρὸς τὸν [[βασιλέα]] our [[relations to]] the King, D. 14.2; τὰ πρὸς [[βασιλέα]] [[πράγμα|πράγματα]] the [[negotiation]]s [[with]] the King, Th. 1.128; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς [[θεούς]] our relations, i.e. duties, [[to]] the gods, S. ''Ph.'' 1441; [[μέτεστι]] πρὸς τὰ [[ἴδια]] [[διάφορα]] [[πᾶσι]] τὸ [[ἴσον]]… [[ἐλευθέρως]] δὲ τὰ πρὸς τὸ κοινὸν [[πολιτεύομεν]] Th. 2.37; οὐδὲν [[διοίσει]] πρὸς τὸ [[γενέσθαι]]… [[in respect of]]…, Arist. ''APr.'' 24a25, cf. Pl. ''Phd.'' 111b; [[ἕτερος]] [[λόγος]], οὐ πρὸς [[ἐμέ]] that is another matter, and does not [[concern]] me, D. 18.44, cf. 21, 60, Isoc. 4.12; τῶν [[φορέτρων]] [[ὄντων]] πρὸς [[ἐμέ]] freightage shall be my [[concern]], i.e. [[borne by]] me, PAmh. 91.18 (ii AD); πρὸς [[τοῦτον]] ἦν ἡ τῶν [[διαφόρων]] [[πρᾶξις]] [[LXX]] 2 Ma. 4.28; ἐὰν… [[βοᾷ]] καὶ [[σχετλιάζῃ]] μηδὲν πρὸς τὸ [[πρᾶγμα]], [[nihil ad rem]], D. 40.61; οὐδὲν πρὸς τὸν Διόνυσον''[[proverb|prov.]]'' ap. Plb. 39.2.3, Suid.; οὐδὲν [[αὐτῷ]] πρὸς τὴν [[πόλιν]] [[ἐστίν]] he owes no reckoning [[to]] the State, D. 21.44; [[λόγος]] ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ πρὸς [[Ἀθηναίους]] Philonid. 1 D.; πρὸς [[Ἰάσονά]] [[ἐστιν]] [[αὐτῷ]] περὶ τῆς [[τιμῆς]] PHamb. 27.8 (iii BC), cf. PCair. Zen. 150.18 (iii BC); [[ἔσται]] [[αὐτῷ]] πρὸς τὸν [[Θεόν]] (''[[sc.]]'' ὁ [[λόγος]]) he shall have to reckon [[with]] God, ''Supp.Epigr.'' 6.188, cf. 194, al. (Eumenia); without [[αὐτῷ]], ''ib.'' 236 (Phrygia); [[ἔσται]] πρὸς τὴν [[Τριάδαν]] MAMA 1.168, cf. ''Supp.Epigr.'' 6.302 (Laodicea Combusta); [[ἕξει]] πρὸς τὸν [[Θεόν]] ''ib.'' 300, al. (ibid.); [[ἕξει]] πρὸς τὴν [[ἐωνίαν]] [[κρίσιν]] ''ib.'' 4.733 (Eukhaita), cf. 6.841 (Cyprus); πρὸς πολλοὺς [[ἔχων]] [[ἀγωνιστάς]] Suid. [[sub verbo|s.v.]] [[ὅσα]] [[μῦς]] ἐν [[πίσσῃ]], cf. 2 Epic Cor. 5.12; with Advbs., [[ἀσφαλῶς]] [[ἔχειν]] πρὸς τι X. ''Mem.'' 1.3.14, etc.; [τὸ or τὰ] [[πρός]] τι, the [[relative]] term or terms, Arist. ''Cat.'' 1b25, 6a36, al.; τὸ πρὸς τι, Pythag. name for [[two]], ''Theol.Ar.'' 8; πρὸς [[ἡμᾶς]] [[relatively to]] us, opp. [[ἁπλῶς]], Arist. ''APo.'' 72a1; ὀρθὸς [[πρός]] or [[ποτί]] c. acc., perpendicular [[to]], Archim. ''Sph. Cyl.'' 2.3, ''Spir.'' 20; [[ἁΔζ]] ποτὶ τὰν ΑΔ [[ἀμβλεῖαν]] [[ποιεῖ]] [[γωνίαν]] ''ib.'' 16.<br><b class="num"></b>[[in reference to]], [[in consequence of]], πρὸς [[τοῦτο]] τὸ [[κήρυγμα]] Hdt. 3.52, cf. 4.161; πρὸς τὴν [[φήμην]] [[in view of]]…, Id. 3.153, cf. Th. 8.39; [[χαλεπαίνειν]] πρὸς τι Id. 2.59; [[ἀθύμως]] [[ἔχειν]] πρὸς τι X. ''HG'' 4.5.4, etc.; with neut. Pron., πρὸς τί· [[wherefore? to what end]]? S. ''OT'' 766, 1027, etc.; πρὸς [[οὐδέν]] [[for]] nothing, in vain, Id. ''Aj.'' 1018; πρὸς οὐδὲν [[ἀναγκαῖον]] unnecessarily, ''Sch. Il.'' 9.23; πρὸς ταῦτα [[therefore]], [[this being so]], Hdt. 5.9, 40, A. ''Pr.'' 915, 992, S. ''OT'' 426, etc.; cf. [[οὗτος]] c. v111.1b.<br><b class="num"></b>[[in reference to]] or [[for]] a purpose, [[ἕστηκεν]]… [[μῆλα]] πρὸς [[σφαγάς]] A. ''Ag.'' 1057; [[χρήσιμος]], ἱκανὸς πρὸς τι, Pl. ''Grg.'' 474d, ''Prt.'' 322b; ὡς πρὸς τί [[χρείας]]· S. ''OT'' 1174, cf. ''OC'' 71, ''Tr.'' 1182; [[ἕτοιμος]] πρὸς τι X. ''Mem.'' 4.5.12; [[ἱκανῶς]] ὡς πρὸς τὴν [[παροῦσαν]] [[χρείαν]] Arist. ''Cael.'' 269b21; ἢν [[ἀρήγειν]] [[φαίνηται]] πρὸς τὴν [[σύμπασαν]] [[νοῦσον]] Hp. ''Acut.'' 60; [[ποιεῖ]] πρὸς [[ἐπιλημπτικούς]] is efficacious [[for]] cases of epilepsy, Dsc. 1.6; [[ἐθέλοντες]] τὰ πρὸς τὴν [[νοῦσον]] [[ἡδέα]] [[μᾶλλον]] ἢ τὰ πρὸς τὴν [[ὑγιείην]] [[προσδέχεσθαι]] Hp. ''de Arte'' 7.<br><b class="num"></b>[[with a view to]] or [[for]] a future time, [[ὅπως]]… [[γράμμα]]τα δῷ πρὸς ἢν ἂν [[ἡμέρα]]ν ἑκάτεροι [[παραγίνωνται]] SIG 679.62 (Senatus consultum, ii BC); [[θαυμάζεται]] τὰ [[Περικλέους]] [[ἔργα]] πρὸς πολὺν [[χρόνον]] ἐν [[ὀλίγῳ]] [[γενόμενα]] Plu. ''Per.'' 13. = [[πρός]] B. 11, [[ἐγίνετο]] πρὸς [[ἀναζογήν]] Plb. 3.92.8; [[ὄντων]] πρὸς τὸ [[κωλύειν]] Id. 1.26.3, cf. 1.29.3, al., Plu. ''Nic.'' 5.<br><b class="num"></b>[[in proportion]] or [[relation to]], [[in comparison with]], [[κοῖός]] τις [[δοκέοι]] ἀνὴρ [[εἶναι]] πρὸς τὸν [[πατέρα]] [[Κῦρον]] Hdt. 3.34; [[ἔργα]] [[λόγου]] [[μέζω]] πρὸς [[πᾶσαν]] [[χώρην]] Id. 2.35; πρὸς [[πάντας]] τοὺς ἄλλους Id. 3.94, 8.44; πολλὴν ἂν [[οἶμαι]] [[ἀπιστίαν]] τῆς [[δυνάμεως]]… πρὸς τὸ [[κλέος]] αὐτῶν [[εἶναι]] Th. 1.10, cf. Pi. ''O.'' 2.88, Pl. ''Prt.'' 327d, 328c, ''Phd.'' 102c, etc.; πρὸς τὰς [[μεγίστας]] καὶ [[ἐλαχίστας]] [[ναῦς]] τὸ [[μέσον]] [[σκοπεῖν]] the mean [[between]]…, Th. 1.10; τὸ [[κάλλιστον]] τῶν [[ἔργων]] πρὸς τὸ [[αἴσχιστον]] [[συμβαλεῖν]] Lycurg. 68; ἓν πρὸς ἓν [[συμβάλλειν]] Hdt. 4.50; also [[ἔχεις]] πρὸς τὰ [[ἔτη]] [[μέλαιναν]] τὴν [[τρίχα]] Thphr. ''Char.'' 2.3; [[ἐνδεεστέρως]] ἢ πρὸς τὴν [[ἐξουσίαν]] Th. 4.39; also of mathematical ratio, [[οἷος]] ὁ [[πρῶτος]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ὅρος]]) ποτὶ τὸν [[δεύτερον]], καὶ ὁ [[δεύτερος]] ποτὶ τὸν [[τρίτον]] Archyt. 2, cf. ''Philol.'' 11, Pl. ''Ti.'' 36b, Arist. ''Rh.'' 1409a4, al., Euc. 5 ''Def.'' 4, etc.; πρὸς παρεὸν… [[μῆτις]] [[ἀέξεται]] [[ἀνθρώποισι]] [[in proportion to]] the existing (physical development), Emp. 106; also of price, value, [[πωλεῖσθαι]] δὶς πρὸς [[ἀργύριον]] sells twice [[against]] or [[relatively to]] silver, i.e. for twice its weight in silver, Thphr. ''HP'' 9.6.4; [[πωλεῖται]] ὁ σταθμὸς αὐτοῦ πρὸς [[διπλοῦν]] [[ἀργύριον]] Dsc. 1.19; ἡ [[μαργαρῖτις]] ([[λίθος]]) πωλεῖται… πρὸς [[χρυσίον]] [[for its weight in]] gold, Androsthenes ap. Ath. 3.93b; ''metaph'', πρὸς [[ἀρετήν]] Pl. ''Phd.'' 69a; [[ὅπως]] πρὸς τὰς τιμὰς τῶν [[κριθῶν]] τὰ [[ἄλφιτα]] [[πωλήσουσι]] [[on the basis of]] the price of barley, Arist. ''Ath.'' 51.3; [[ἐξέστω]] αὐτοῦ ἀπογραφὴ τῆς [[οὐσίας]] πρὸς [[τοῦτο]] τὸ [[ἀργύριον]] [[Ἀθηναίων]] τῷ [[βουλομένῳ]] property [[equal in value to]] this silver, IG2². 1013.14, cf. PHib. 1.32.9 (iii BC), IG 5(1).1390.78 (Andania, i BC); τῶν [[ἐγγύων]] τῶν [[ἐγγυωμένων]] πρὸς [αὐτὰ] τὰ [[κτήματα]] SIG 364.42 (Ephesus, iii BC); [[θέντων]] τὰ [[ποτήρια]] πρὸς [[χρυσοῦς]] [[ἑκατόν]] ''IPE'' 1². 32A16 (Olbia, iii BC); τοὺς [[ἀπαγομένους]] εἰς φυλακὴν πρὸς τὰ [[χρέα]] imprisoned [[for]] debt, Plb. 38.11.10, cf. 1.72.5, 5.27.4, 5, 7, 5.108.1, PTeb. 707.9 (ii BC); τοὺς πρὸς [[καταδίκας]] [[ἐκπεπτωκότας]] Plb. 25.3.1, cf. SIG 742.31 (Ephesus, i BC); [[ἐγδίδομεν]] τὸ [[ἔργον]]… πρὸς [[χαλκόν]] IG 7.3073.6 (Lebad., ii BC), cf. PSI 5.356.7 (iii BC), PTeb. 825 (a).16 (ii BC), ''Sammelb.'' 5106.3 (ii BC); [[οἷον]] πρὸς [[ἀργύριον]] τὴν [[δόξαν]] τὰς ψυχὰς [[ἀποδιδόμενοι]] Jul. ''Or.'' 1.42b; πρὸς [[ἅλας]] [[ἠγορασμένος]], i.e. 'dirt cheap', Men. 828 (also πρὸς [[ἅλα]] [[δειπνεῖν]] καὶ [[κύαμον]], i.e. dine frugally, take pot-luck, Plu. 2.684f); so ἡδονὰς πρὸς ἡδονὰς… [[καταλλάττεσθαι]] Pl. ''Phd.'' 69a; of measurements of time [[by]] the flow from the clepsydra, πρὸς [[ἕνδεκα]] [[ἀμφορέας]] ἐν [[διαμεμετρημένῃ]] τῇ [[ἡμέρᾳ]] [[κρίνομαι]] Aeschin. 2.126, cf. Arist. ''Ath.'' 67.2, 3, 69.2; [[λεγέσθω]] [[τᾶς]] [[δίκας]] ὁ μὲν [[πρᾶτος]] [[λόγος]] [[ἑκατέροις]] ποτὶ [[χόας]] [[δεκαοκτώ]] SIG 953.17 (Calymna, ii BC); [[λεξάντων]] πρὸς τὴν [[τήρησιν]] τοῦ [[ὕδατος]] ''ib.'' 683.60 (Olympia, ii BC); πρὸς [[κλεψύδραν]] Eub. p. 182 K., Epin. 2; πρὸς [[κλεψύδρας]] Arist. ''Po.'' 1451a8; πρὸς [[ὀλίγον]] [[ὕδωρ]] [[ἀναγκαζόμενος]] [[λέγειν]] D. 41.30; hence later, πρὸς [[ὀλίγον]] [[for]] a short time, [[ἐπανεῖναι]] πρὸς [[ὀλίγον]] τὴν [[πολιορκίαν]] J. ''BJ'' 5.9.1, cf. Alex.Aphr. ''in Top.'' 560.2, Hld. 2.19, POxy 67.14 (iv AD), Orib. ''Fr.'' 116, ''Gp.'' 4.15.8; πρὸς [[ὀλίγον]] [[καιρόν]], [[χρόνον]], Antyll. ap. Orib. 9.24.26, Paul.Aeg. ''Prooem.''; πρὸς [[ὀλίγον]] ἐστὶ τὸ [[ζῆν]] Poet. in Mus. Script. p. 452 von Jan; [[μήτηρ]] δ' ἦν πρὸς [[μικρόν]] ''Sammelb.'' 7288.4 (Ptolemaic); πρὸς [[βραχύ]] Jul. ''Or.'' 1.47b (but πρὸς βραχὺ [[παρηβηκυίας]] ([[by]]) a little past their best, ''Gp.'' 4.15.3); πρὸς βραχὺν [[καιρόν]] Iamb. ''Protr.'' 21. κα'; πρὸς τὸ [[ἀκαρές]] Porph. ''Gaur.'' 3.3; πρὸς [[μίαν]] ἢ [[δευτέραν]] [[ἡμέραν]] Dsc. 2.101, cf. Sor. 1.56; πρὸς [[δύο]] [[ἡμέρας]] [[ἐκοίμησα]] [[ἐκεῖ]] BGU 775.8 (ii AD); πρὸς [[μόνην]] τὴν [[ἐνεστῶσαν]] [[ἡμέραν]] ''Sammelb.'' 7399 (ii AD), cf. M.Ant 12.4; [[προστιμάσθω]] πρὸς [[χρόνον]] μὴ [[εἰσελθεῖν]] [[ὅσον]] ἂν [[δόξῃ]] IG2². 1368.89.<br><b class="num"></b>[[in]] or [[by reference to]], [[according to]], [[in view of]], πρὸς τὸ παρεὸν [[βουλεύεσθαι]] Hdt. 1.20, cf. 113, Th. 6.46, 47, IG2². 1.20, etc.; πρὸς τὴν [[παροῦσαν]] [[ἀρρωστίαν]] Th. 7.47; [[ἵνα]] πρὸς τὸν [[ὑπάρχοντα]] καιρὸν [[ἕκαστα]] [[θεωρῆτε]] D. 18.17, cf. 314, etc.; εἴ τι [[δεῖ]] [[τεκμαίρεσθαι]] πρὸς τὸν [[ἄλλον]] [[τρόπον]] Id. 27.22; τοῖς πρὸς [[ὑμᾶς]] [[ζῶσι]] those who live [[with]] your [[interests in view]], Id. 19.226; [[ἐλευθέρου]] τὸ μὴ πρὸς [[ἄλλον]] [[ζῆν]] Arist. ''Rh.'' 1367a32; πρὸς [[τοῦτον]] πάντ' [[ἐσκόπουν]], πρὸς [[τοῦτον]] [[ἐποιοῦντο]] τὴν [[εἰρήνην]] D. 19.63; τὸ [[παιδεύεσθαι]] πρὸς τὰς [[πολιτείας]] [[suitably to]] them, Arist. ''Pol.'' 1310a14; [[ὁρῶ]]… [[ἅπαντας]] πρὸς τὴν [[παροῦσαν]] [[δύναμιν]] τῶν [[δικαίων]] [[ἀξιουμένους]] [[according to]] their power, D. 15.28; πρὸς τὰς [[τύχας]] γὰρ τὰς [[φρένας]] [[κεκτήμεθα]] [[according to]]…, E. ''Hipp.'' 701; πὸς τὰς [[συνθέσις]] [[in accordance with]] the agreements, IG 5(2).343.41, 60 (Orchom. Arc.); τὸν δικαστὰν [[ὀμνύντα]] [[κρῖναι]] πορτὶ τὰ [[μωλιόμενα]] [[having regard to]] the pleadings, ''Leg. Gort.'' 5.44, cf. 9.30; αἱ ἀρχαὶ… πρὸς τὰ [[κατεσκευασμένα]] [[σύμβολα]] [[σηκώματα]] [[ποιησάμεναι]] after making weights and measures [[in accordance with]], or [[by reference to]], the established standards, IG2². 1013.7; πρὸς τὰ [[στάθμια]] τὰ ἐν τῷ [[ἀργυροκοπίῳ]] [[as measured by]] the weights in the mint, ''ib.'' 30, cf. PAmh. 43.10 (ii BC); [Εόλων] [[ἐποίησε]] σταθμὰ πρὸς τὸ [[νόμισμα]] made (trade-) weights [[on the basis of]] (i.e. [[proportional to]]) the coinage, Arist. ''Ath.'' 10.2; ὀρθὸν πρὸς τὸν [[διαβήτην]] IG2². 1668.9, cf. 95, 7.3073.108 (Lebad., ii BC); πρὸς τὸ [[δικαιότατον]] [[in accordance with]] the most just principle, DC. ''Fr.'' 104.6.<br><b class="num"></b>[[with the accompaniment of]] musical instruments, πρὸς [[κάλαμον]] Pi. ''O.'' 10 (11).84; πρὸς [[αὐλόν]] or τὸν [[αὐλόν]], E. ''Alc.'' 346, X. ''Smp.'' 6.3, etc.; πρὸς [[λύραν]]… [[ᾄδειν]] SIG 662.13 (Delos, ii BC); πρὸς ῥυθμὸν [[ἐμβαίνειν]] to step [[in time]], DS. 5.34. [[πρός]] c. acc. freq. [[periphrasis]] for Adv., πρὸς [[βίαν]], = [[βιαίως]], [[under]] compulsion, [[νῦν]] χρὴ… τινα πρὸς [[βίαν]] [[πώνην]] Alc. 20 ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]); πρὸς [[βίαν]] [[ἐπίνομεν]] Ar. ''Ach.'' 73; τὸ πρὸς [[βίαν]] [[πίνειν]] [[ἴσον]] [[πέφυκε]] τῷ [[διψῆν]] [[κακόν]] S. ''Fr.'' 735; [[ἥκω]]… πρὸς [[βίαν]] [[under]] compulsion, Critias 16.10 D.; [[by]] force, forcibly, A. ''Pr.'' 210, 355, etc.; οὐ πρὸς [[βίαν]] τινός not [[forced]] by any one, Id. ''Eu.'' 5 (but also, [[in spite of]] any one, S. ''OC'' 657); πρὸς τὸ [[βίαιον]] A. ''Ag.'' 130 (lyr.); πρὸς τὸ [[καρτερόν]] Id. ''Pr.'' 214; πρὸς [[ἀλκήν]], πρὸς [[ἀνάγκαν]], Id. ''Th.'' 498, ''Pers.'' 569 (lyr.); οὐ [[διαχωρέεει]] [ἡ γαστὴρ] εἰ μὴ πρὸς [[ἀνάγκην]] Hp. ''Prog.'' 8, 19; πρὸς [[ἰσχύος]] [[κράτος]] S. ''Ph.'' 594; πρὸς ἡδονὴν [[εἶναί]] τινι A. ''Pr.'' 494; πρὸς ἡδονὴν [[λέγειν]], [[δημηγορεῖν]], [[so as to]] please, Th. 2.65, S. ''El.'' 921, D. 4.38, cf. E. ''Med.'' 773; οἱ [[πάντα]] πρὸς ἡδονὴν [[ἐπαινοῦντες]] Arist. ''EN'' 1126b13; [[ἅπαντα]] πρὸς ἡδ. [[ζητεῖν]] D. 1.15, cf. 18.4; [[λούσασθαι]] τὸ [[σῶμα]] πρὸς ἡδ. [[as much or little as]] one likes, Hp. ''Mul.'' 2.133; [[πίνειν]] πρὸς ἡδ. Pl. ''Smp.'' 176e; πρὸς τὸ [[τερπνόν]] [[calculated to]] delight, Th. 2.53; πρὸς [[χάριν]] [[so as to]] gratify, [[μήτε]] πρὸς [[ἔχθραν]] [[ποιεῖσθαι]] [[λόγος|λόγον]] [[μήτε]] πρὸς χ. D. 8.1, cf. S. ''OT'' 1152; πρὸς [[χάριν]] [[δημηγορεῖν]] D. 3.3, etc.; c. gen. rei, πρὸς [[χάριν]] τινός [[for the sake of]], πρὸς χ. [[βορᾶς]] S. ''Ant.'' 30, cf. Ph. 1156 (lyr.); πρὸς [[ἰσχύος]] χ. [[by means of]], E. ''Med.'' 538; πρὸς [[ὀργήν]] [[with]] anger, angrily, S. ''El.'' 369, Th. 2.65, D. 53.16 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); πρὸς ὀργὴν [[ἐλθεῖν]] τινι Id. 39.23, etc.; πρὸς τὸ [[λιπαρές]] importunately, S. ''OC'' 1119; πρὸς [[εὐσέβειαν]] Id. ''El.'' 464; πρὸς [[καιρόν]] seasonably, Id. ''Aj.'' 38, etc.; πρὸς [[φύσιν]] Id. ''Tr.'' 308; πρὸς [[εὐτέλειαν]] cheaply, Antiph. 226.2; πρὸς [[μέρος]] [[in]] due [[proportion]], D. 36.32; πρὸς [[ὀλίγον]] [[μέρος]] ''Gp.'' 2.15.1; [[τέτραπτο]] πρὸς [[ἰθύ]] οἱ straight [[towards]] him, ''Il.'' 14.403; πρὸς ὀρθὰς (''[[sc.]]'' [[γωνίας]] (… τῇ AEB [[at]] right angles to, Arist. ''Mete.'' 373a14, cf. Euc. 1.11, Archim. ''Sph. Cyl.'' 1.3; πρὸς ὀρθὴν [[τέμνουσα]] Arist. ''Mete.'' 363b2; πρὸς [[ἀχθηδόνα]], πρὸς [[ἀπέχθεια]]ν, Luc. ''Tox.'' 9, ''Hist. Conscr.'' 38; γυνὴ πρὸς [[ἀλήθειαν]] [[οὖσα]] [[in]] truth a woman, a [[very]] woman, Ath. 15.687a, cf. Luc. ''JTr.'' 48, Alex. 61; c. ''Sup.'', πρὸς τὰ [[μέγιστα]] [[in]] the highest degree, Hdt. 8.20.<br><b class="num"></b>of Numbers. [[up to]], [[about]], Plb. 16.7.5, etc.; cf. [[πρόσπου]].<br><b class="num"></b>D. ABS. AS ADV., [[besides]], [[over and above]]; in Hom. always πρὸς δέ or ποτὶ δέ, ''Il.'' 5.307, 10.108, al., cf. Hdt. 1.71, etc.; πρὸς δὲ καί ''ib.'' 164, 207; πρὸς δὲ [[ἔτι]] Id. 3.74; καὶ πρὸς Id. 7.154, 184, prob. in A. ''Ch.'' 301, etc.; καὶ πρὸς γε E. ''Hel.'' 110, Pl. ''R.'' 328a, 466e; καὶ… γε πρὸς A. ''Pr.'' 73; καὶ δὴ πρὸς Hdt. 5.67; freq. at the end of a second clause, [[τάδε]] [[λέγω]], [[δράσω]] τε πρὸς E. ''Or.'' 622; [[ἀλογία]]…, καὶ [[ἀμαθία]] γε πρὸς Pl. ''Men.'' 90e, cf. E. ''Ph.'' 610; [[ἐνενήκοντα]] καὶ [[μικρόν]] τι πρὸς D. 4.28, cf. 22.60.<br><b class="num"></b>E. IN COMPOS., motion [[towards]], as [[προσάγω]], [[προσέρχομαι]], etc.<br><b class="num"></b>addition, [[besides]], as [[προσκτάομαι]], [[προσδίδωμι]], [[προστίθημι]], etc.<br><b class="num"></b>a being [[on]], [[at]], [[by]], or [[beside]]; hence, a [[remaining beside]], and ''metaph'' [[connexion and engagement with]] anything, as [[πρόσειμι]], [[προσγίγνομαι]], etc.<br><b class="num"></b>F. REMARKS, in poetry [[πρός]] sometimes stands after its case and before an attribute, [[ποίμνας]] [[βουστάσεις]] τε πρὸς [[πατρός]] A. ''Pr.'' 653, cf. Th. 185, S. ''OT'' 178 (lyr.), E. ''Or.'' 94; [[ἄστυ]] [[πότι]] (or ποτὶ) [[σφέτερον]] ''Il.'' 17.419, cf. Pi. ''O.'' 4.5. in Hom. it is freq. separated from its Verb by tmesis. sometimes (in violation of the rule given by ADysc. ''Synt.'' 127.8, Pron. 42.5) followed by an enclit. Pron., [[πρός]] με S. ''Aj.'' 292, Ar. ''Pl.'' 1055, D. 18.14 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), Men. 978, ''Pk.'' 77, ''Com.Adesp.'' 15.25 D., 22.68 D., etc.