primus: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>prīmus</b>: a, um,<br /><b>I</b> adj. [[sup]]. [obsol. prep. pri (prei); [[whence]] also [[prior]], [[priscus]]; cf.: [[privus]], [[privo]], etc., and v. pro], the [[first]], [[first]] ([[properly]] [[only]] [[when]] [[three]] or [[more]] are referred to. The [[first]], as opp. to the [[second]], is [[prior]]; [[but]] [[primus]] is [[rarely]] used for [[prior]], Cic. Sest. 19, 44 al.).<br /><b>I</b> In gen.: qui [[primus]] [[vulnus]] dicitur obligavisse, Cic. N. D. 3, 22, 57: [[primus]] [[sentio]] [[mala]] nostra: [[primus]] [[rescisco]] omnia: Primus [[porro]] [[obnuntio]], Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 7: [[verum]] [[primum]]: [[verum]] [[igitur]] et extremum, Cic. Off. 3, 6, 27: primae litterae, id. Att. 9, 6, 5: [[primus]] [[inter]] homines nobilissimos, id. Sest. 3, 6: primi ex omnibus philosophis, id. Fin. 4, 7, 17: [[primus]] Graeciae in Thraciam introiit, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4: [[primus]] de [[mille]] fuisses, Ov. H. 17, 105: in primis, [[among]] the [[first]], in the [[foremost]] ranks, Nep. Paus. 5, 3: in primis stetit, id. Epam. 10, 3: in primis pugnantes, Sall. C. 60, 6: leonem [[primus]], aut in primis ferire, id. J. 6, 1: utque [[pedum]] primis [[infans]] vestigia plantis institerat (= ut [[primum]], etc., [[poet]].), Verg. A. 11, 573: [[primus]] [[post]] eos quos poëtae tradiderunt movisse [[aliqua]] [[circa]] rhetoricen [[Empedocles]] dicitur (= [[secundus]] or [[proximus]] ab iis), Quint. 3, 1, 8.—<br /><b>II</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In [[time]] or [[place]], [[first]], [[fore]], [[foremost]], the [[first]] [[part]]; [[sometimes]] to be translated, the [[end]], [[extremity]], etc.: in primā provinciā, at the [[entrance]] of the [[province]], Cic. Fam. 3, 6, 2: [[digitus]], the [[tip]] of the [[finger]], Cat. 2, 3: dentes, the [[front]] teeth, Plin. 19, 2, 11, § 35: ranis prima [[lingua]] cohaeret, the [[end]] of the [[tongue]], id. 11, 37, 65, § 172: primā [[statim]] nocte, at the [[beginning]] of the [[night]], Col. 10, 190: sol, i. e. the [[rising]] [[sun]], Verg. A. 6, 255: [[luna]], i. e. the [[new]] [[moon]], Plin. 2, 13, 10, § 56.—With [[quisque]], the [[first]] [[possible]], the [[very]] [[first]]: [[primo]] [[quoque]] tempore, at the [[very]] [[first]] [[opportunity]], Cic. Fam. 13, 57, 1: [[primo]] [[quoque]] [[die]], id. Phil. 8, 11, 33: me [[tibi]] [[primum]] quidque concedente, id. Ac. 2, 16, 49: fluit [[voluptas]] et prima quaeque avolat, id. Fin. 2, 32, 106.—Subst.: prīma, ōrum, n., the [[first]] [[part]], the [[beginning]]: [[quod]] [[bellum]], si prima [[satis]] prospera fuissent, Liv. 8, 3.—Of the [[first]] principles or elements of things, Lucr. 4, 186: prima consiliorum (for prima consilia), Tac. H. 2, 11: a [[primo]], from the [[beginning]], at [[first]]: [[multum]] improbiores sunt [[quam]] a [[primo]] credidi, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 139; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 14; 4, 3, 37: in illā pro Ctesiphonte oratione submissius a [[primo]]: [[deinde]] pressius, Cic. Or. 8, 26: suam vim retinere a [[primo]] ad extremum, id. Fin. 4, 13, 32: hoc a [[primo]] cogitavit, id. Att. 8, 11, 2; id. Phil. 2, 30, 75 Halm ad loc.: id a [[primo]] rectissime dicitur, id. Fin. 3, 9, 32 Madv. ad loc.: in [[primo]], in [[front]], [[before]], in the [[beginning]], [[first]]: equites in [[primo]] [[late]] [[ire]] jubet, in the [[van]], Sall. J. 68, 4: qui [[numerus]] in [[primo]] viget, jacet in [[extremo]], Cic. Or. 64, 215. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> First in [[rank]] or [[station]], [[chief]], [[principal]], [[most]] [[excellent]], [[eminent]], [[distinguished]], [[noble]] (cf.: [[princeps]], primores): evocat ad se Massiliensium [[quindecim]] primos, Caes. B. C. 1, 35: sui municipii [[facile]] [[primus]], Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 15: [[homo]], id. Verr. 2, 4, 17, § 37: primis urbis placuisse, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 23: juvenum primi, Verg. A. 9, 785: est [[genus]] hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt Nec sunt, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17: [[quia]] [[sum]] [[apud]] te [[primus]], I am the [[first]] in [[your]] [[favor]], id. ib. 1, 2, 10: [[primus]] humani generis, Sil. 17, 255: urbem Italiae primam, Petr. 116: [[praedium]], [[Cato]], R. R. 1: suavia prima habere, to [[give]] the [[first]] [[place]] to, [[think]] the [[most]] of, Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 9: [[otium]] [[atque]] [[divitiae]], quae prima mortales putant, Sall. C. 36, 4: [[cura]], a [[chief]] [[part]], Plin. 5, 25, 21, § 88.—Also, [[most]] [[conspicuous]], [[chief]], in a [[bad]] [[sense]]: peccatores, quorum [[primus]] ego [[sum]], Vulg. 1 Tim. 1, 15: [[primas]] partes, or [[primas]] agere, to [[play]] the [[first]] [[part]], to [[occupy]] the [[first]] [[rank]], Ter. Phorm. prol. 27: [[primas]] in causis agebat [[Hortensius]], Cic. Brut. 90, 308; 47: [[primas]] [[dare]], to [[give]] the [[first]] [[place]], [[ascribe]] the greatest [[importance]] to a [[thing]]: actioni [[primas]] dedisse [[Demosthenes]] dicitur, cum rogaretur, [[quid]] in dicendo esset [[primum]]: huic secundas, huic tertias, Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213: [[primas]] deferre, to [[transfer]] the [[first]] or [[principal]] [[part]]: amoris [[erga]] me [[tibi]] [[primas]] [[defero]], i. e. I [[assign]] to [[you]] the [[first]] [[rank]] [[among]] those [[who]] [[love]] me, id. Att. 1, 17, 5: [[primas]] concedere, to [[yield]] the [[first]] [[place]]: si Allienus [[tibi]] [[primas]] in dicendo partes concesserit, id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49: [[primas]] [[tenere]], to [[play]] the [[first]] [[part]], be the [[best]], id. Brut. 95, 327: cum primis, and in primis (also written in one [[word]], impri-[[mis]]), [[with]] or [[among]] the [[first]], [[chiefly]], [[especially]], [[principally]], [[particularly]]: [[homo]] domi suae cum primis [[locuples]], Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69: in primis [[lautus]] [[eques]], Nep. Att. 13, 1: [[oppidum]] in primis Siciliae clarum, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 35, § 86: [[homo]] in primis improbissimus, id. ib. 2, 3, 27, § 68: vir [[magnus]] in primis, id. N. D. 1, 43, 120: in primis hoc a se animadversum esse dicebat, id. de Or. 3, 5, 17: in primis nobis [[sermo]] de te fuit, id. Att. 5, 1, 3: in primis ... [[dein]], [[first]], in the [[first]] [[place]], Sall. J. 26, 3. —Hence, adv., [[primo]] and [[primum]]; also, [[ante]]- and [[post]]-[[class]]. and [[very]] [[rare]], [[prime]] and [[primiter]] (the form [[primo]] is [[usually]] [[limited]] to [[that]] [[which]] is [[strictly]] [[first]] in [[time]]; [[primum]] in enumerations of [[contemporary]] facts, things, or arguments, [[where]] the [[order]] is at the [[speaker]]'s [[choice]]; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 920 sq.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> prīmō, at [[first]], at the [[beginning]], [[first]], firstly.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: [[aedes]] [[primo]] ruere rebamur, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 42: [[neque]] credebam [[primo]] mihimet Sosiae, id. ib. 2, 1, 50; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26: [[primo]] non accredidit, Nep. Dat. 3, 4: [[Themistocles]] [[solus]] [[primo]] [[profectus]] est, id. Them. 6, 5: [[contemptus]] est [[primo]] a [[tyrannis]], id. Thras. 2, 2; id. Ham. 2, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With [[dein]], [[deinde]], [[inde]], [[post]], [[postea]], mox, [[denique]], [[nunc]]: [[primo]] Stoicorum [[more]] [[agamus]], [[deinde]] nostro instituto vagabimur, Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13: [[primo]] pecuniae, [[dein]] imperii [[cupido]] crevit, Sall. C. 10, 3: [[primo]] ... [[deinde]] ... tum ... tum, Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 50: [[primo]] ... [[deinde]], Liv. 1, 27; Curt. 3, 12, 6; 4, 16, 21; 9, 10, 11: [[primo]] abstinentiā utendum: [[deinde]] danda, etc., Cels. 5, 26, 34: [[primo]] ... [[inde]], ... [[hinc]], Liv. 30, 11, 6: haec [[primo]] [[paulatim]] crescere: [[post]], etc., Sall. C. 10, 6: dissuadente [[primo]] Vercingetorige, [[post]] concedente, Caes. B. G. 7, 15: [[primo]] ... [[postea]] ... [[postremo]], etc., Liv. 26, 39: [[primo]] ... mox, id. 1, 50: [[primo]] ... mox [[deinde]], Just. 1, 3: [[primo]] negitare, [[denique]] saepius fatigatus, etc., Sall. J. 111, 2: [[neque]] [[illi]] credebam [[primo]], [[nunc]] [[vero]] [[palam]] est, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 91.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Mostly [[post]]-Aug. for [[primum]].) With [[iterum]], [[rursus]], [[secundo]]: [[primo]] ... [[iterum]], Liv. 2, 51: [[primo]] ... [[rursus]], Suet. Aug. 17: [[primo]] ... [[secundo]], Phaedr. 4, 10, 16.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> prīmum, at [[first]], [[first]], in the [[first]] [[place]], in the [[beginning]] ([[class]].).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In enumerations, [[with]] a foll. [[deinde]], tum: [[Caesar]] [[primum]] suo, [[deinde]] omnium e conspectu remotis equis, Caes. B. G. 1, 25: [[primum]] ... [[deinde]] ... [[deinde]], Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58, § 143: [[primum]] ... [[deinde]] ... tum ... [[postremo]], id. N. D. 2, 1, 3: [[primum]] ... [[deinde]] ... [[praeterea]] ... [[postremo]], id. Div. 2, 56, 116: [[primum]] ... tum ... [[deinde]] ... [[post]] ... tum ... [[deinde]] ...., id. Fin. 5, 23, 65; id. Font. 14, 31; cf.: [[primum]] ... [[secundo]] [[loco]] ... [[deinde]] ... tum, id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Inv. 2, 27, 79; Curt. 3, 6, 16; 8, 10, 9; Liv. 1, 28; Nep. Them. 2, 3; id. Epam. 1, 3: [[primum]] ... [[subinde]], Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 15: [[primum]] ... mox, id. ib. 2, 2, 93.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Without [[other]] adverbs.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: quaerenda [[pecunia]] [[primum]] est, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 53: te Quicumque [[primum]] Produxit, id. C. 2, 13, 2; id. S. 2, 3, 41.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Strengthened [[with]] omnium, [[first]] of all, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 13: [[primum]] omnium ego [[ipse]] [[vigilo]], Cic. Cat. 2, 9, 19.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With ut, ubi, [[simulac]], cum.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ut [[primum]], ubi [[primum]], [[simul]] ac [[primum]], cum [[primum]], as [[soon]] as [[ever]], as [[soon]] as: ut [[primum]] [[potestas]] [[data]] est augendae dignitatis tuae, etc., Cic. Fam. 10, 13, 1: ubi [[primum]] potuit, istum reliquit, id. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 48: [[simul]] ac [[primum]] niti possunt, etc., id. N. D. 2, 48, 124: tum affuerat, cum [[primum]] dati sunt judices, id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 57.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nunc [[primum]], [[now]] [[first]], [[now]] for the [[first]] [[time]] (cf.: [[nunc]] [[demum]], [[now]] at [[last]]): [[post]] [[illa]] [[nunc]] [[primum]] [[audio]], Quid [[illo]] [[sit]] [[factum]], Ter. And. 5, 4, 33.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With dum (also by Plaut. joined in one [[word]], pri-mumdum), in the [[first]] [[place]], [[first]] (anteclass.): [[primum]] dum, si [[falso]] insimulas, etc. Iterum si id [[verum]] est, etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 26: omnium primumdum haed [[aedes]] jam [[face]] occlusae [[sicut]], id. Most. 2, 1, 53; 1, 2, 39; id. Capt. 1, 2, 57: [[primum]] dum omnium [[male]] dictitatur [[tibi]] [[vulgo]] in sermonibus, id. Trin. 1, 2, 61.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(d)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With adv. or [[other]] [[expression]] of [[time]], for the [[first]] [[time]]: [[hodie]] [[primum]] [[ire]] in [[ganeum]], Plaut. As. 5, 2, 37: quo [[die]] [[primum]] convocati su mus, Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30.—*<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> prīmē, es pecially: [[fabula]] [[prime]] [[proba]], Naev. ap. [[Charis]]. p. 188 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 603 P.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> prīmĭter, at [[first]], [[first]] of all ([[ante]]- and [[post]]-[[class]].): eripis [[primiter]] dapes, Pompon. ap. Non. 154, 26; Inscr. (of the [[beginning]] of the [[third]] [[century]] of Christ) Lab. Epigr. Lat. Scop. in Egitto.