περί: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Thess., Delph. [[περ]] ''IG''9(2).517.17 (iii B.C.), al., ''Schwyzer'' 323 ''A''4 (v/iv B.C.), also Aeol., v. infr. A. V; Elean παρ ib.413.4: Prep. with [[genitive]], dat., and acc.:—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[round about]], [[all round]] (prop. different from [[ἀμφί]], [[on both sides]]). (Cogn. with Skt. pári '[[round about]]'.)<br><span class="bld">A</span> WITH GENITIVE,<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], sometimes in Poets, [[round about]], [[around]], τετάνυστο περὶ σπείους ἡμερίς Od.5.68; τείχη περὶ Δαρδανίας E. ''Tr.''818 (lyr., s.v.l.); [[εἴλυμα]] περὶ χροός A.R.2.1129: rarely, like [[ἀμφί]], [[on both sides]], v. [[περιβαίνω]] ''1'' fin.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[about near]], περὶ σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα ''IG''14.2508 (Nemausus).<br><span class="bld">II</span> to denote the object [[about]] or [[for]] which one does something:<br><span class="bld">1</span> with Verbs of fighting or contending, <b class="b3">περὶ τινός</b> [[for]] an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought [[about]], <b class="b3">περὶ τῶνδε</b> [[for]] these prizes, Il.23.659; περὶ πτόλιος… μαχήσεται 18.265; <b class="b3">περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος</b> ib.195, cf. 17.120; περὶ σεῖο 3.137; περὶ νηὸς ἔχον πόνον 15.416; <b class="b3">ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης, περὶ νηῶν, περὶ τέκνων</b>, 12.243,142,170, etc.; <b class="b3">δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε περὶ ψυχῆς</b> since it was [[for]] my life, Od.9.423; περὶ ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος Il.22.161; περὶ ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο Od.22.245; in Prose, <b class="b3">τρέχειν περὶ ἑωυτοῦ, περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.57,9.37; ἀγῶνας δραμέονται περὶ σφέων αὐτῶν Id.8.102; νεναυμάχηκε τὴν περὶ τῶν κρεῶν Ar. ''Ra.''191; περὶ τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντες [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.74; <b class="b3">κινδυνεύειν περὶ τινός</b> ibid., etc.; οὐ περὶ τῶν ἴσων ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστι X.''HG''7.1.7; and without a Verb, περὶ γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί Th.1.122; περὶ πάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁ ἀγών [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 3.3.44, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''936(lyr.), etc.; μάχη περὶ τινός [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''179d; ἐπειγόμενοι περὶ νίκης Il.23.437, cf. 639, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.26; πεῖραν θανάτου περὶ καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαι Pi.''N.''9.29; περὶ θανάτου φεύγειν Antipho 5.95; but <b class="b3">ἐρίσσαι περὶ μύθων</b> contend [[about]] speaking, i.e. who can speak best, Il.15.284; καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον περὶ τόξων Od.8.225, cf. 24.515.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with words which denote care or anxiety, [[about]], [[on account of]], περὶ Τρώων… μερμηρίζειν Il.20.17; ἄχος περὶ τινός Od.21.249; φόνου περὶ βουλεύειν 16.234; φροντίζειν περὶ τινός [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.36, etc.; κήδεσθαι περὶ τ. S.''Ph.'' 621; δεδιέναι περὶ τ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 320a, etc.; ἀπολογεῖσθαι περὶ τ. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.2.13; <b class="b3">κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν περὶ τ.</b>, Pi.''N.''5.40, Antipho 5.96; <b class="b3">περὶ τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν</b>, ''IG''12.57.42, X.''HG''2.3.50, Lycurg.11; βουλεύεσθαι περὶ τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας Isoc.5.69; περὶ Μεθωναίων ''IG''12.57.49; <b class="b3">διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν περὶ τινός</b>, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 270d, ''Phd.''65e; μαντεύεσθαι περὶ τ. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.36, cf. S.''Tr.''77; <b class="b3">περὶ πότου γοῦν ἐστί σοι</b>; so with you it is a question of drink? [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''87, cf. Plu.2.43b.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc., [[about]], [[concerning]], περὶ νόστου ἄκουσα Od.19.270; οἶδα γὰρ εὖ περὶ κείνου 17.563; περὶ πομπῆς μνησόμεθα 7.191; περὶ πατρὸς ἐρέσθαι 1.135, 3.77; <b class="b3">περὶ τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι</b>, etc., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.5, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''707, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.6.13, etc.; λέγειν καὶ ἀκούειν περὶ ἑκάστου Th.4.22, etc.; λόγος περὶ τινός [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 347b, etc.; ἡ περὶ τινὸς φήμη Aeschin.1.48; <b class="b3">περὶ τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι</b>, S.''El.''1111, ''Ant.''193; <b class="b3">περὶ τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι</b>, Isoc.9.2, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Politicus|Plt.]]'' 274b, ''Euthphr.''6c, etc.; παίζειν περὶ τινός [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.3.8; ἐμπειροτέρως ἔχειν περὶ τινός Aeschin.1.82; νόμον γράψαι περὶ τινός X.''HG''2.3.52, etc.; νόμῳ χρῆσθαι περὶ τινός S.''Ant.'' 214.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of impulse or motive rather than object, <b class="b3">ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι</b> fought [[for very]] enmity, Il.7.301, cf. 16.476, 20.253.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[about]], [[in regard to]], μεμηνυμένος περὶ τινός Th.6.53; οὕτως ἔσχε περὶ τοῦ πρήγματος τούτου [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.117; τὰ περὶ τῶν Πλαταιῶν γεγενημένα Th.2.6; τὸ περὶ τούτου γεγονός Plb.1.54.5: in Prose freq. without a Verb, ἡ περὶ τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις Th.6.88; <b class="b3">τὰ περὶ τινός</b> [[the circumstances]] of... ib.32, 8.14,26, etc. (cf. infr. C. 1.5); <b class="b3">οὕτω δὴ καὶ περὶ τῶν ἀρετῶν</b> (''[[sc.]] '' [[ἔχει]]) Pl.''Men.''72c, cf. ''R.''534b, 551c, etc.; <b class="b3">περὶ τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον</b> [[as for]] reserving the corn, ''PMich.Zen.''28.5 (iii B.C.): without the Art., <b class="b3">ἀριθμοῦ πέρι</b> [[as to]] number, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.102; <b class="b3">χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι</b>… Id.2.54.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[before]], [[above]], [[beyond]], of superiority, chiefly in Ep., περὶ πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων Il.1.287; περὶ δ' ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι 4.375; τετιμῆσθαι περὶ πάντων 9.38; ὃν περὶ πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης 5.325; ὃν… περὶ πάντων φίλατο παίδων 20.304; περὶ πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν Od.7.108; κρατερὸς περὶ πάντων Il.21.566, cf. 1.417, Od.11.216: in this sense freq. divided from its gen., <b class="b3">περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων</b> in understanding to be [[beyond]] them, Il.17.171, cf. 1.258, Od.1.66; περὶ μὲν εἶδος, περὶ δ' ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν Il.17.279; περὶ μὲν κρατέεις, περὶ δ' αἴσυλα ῥέζεις ἀνδρῶν 21.214; περὶ δ' ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι 7.289, cf. Pi.''O.''6.50, Theoc. 25.119.—In this sense [[π]]. is sometimes adverbial, and the gen. is absent, v. infr. E. II.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] and Att. Prose, to denote value, <b class="b3">ἡμῖν περὶ πολλοῦ ἐστι</b> it is of much [[consequence]], [[worth]] much, to us, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1. 120, cf. Antipho 6.3; <b class="b3">περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας</b> to reckon them [[for]], i.e. [[worth]], much, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.73, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.3.10, etc.; <b class="b3">περὶ πλείονος, περὶ πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι</b>, Id.''An.''7.7.44, ''Cyr.''7.5.60; περὶ πλείστου ἡγεῖσθαι Th.2.89; περὶ παντὸς ποιεῖσθαι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.4.1; <b class="b3">περὶ ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, περὶ οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι</b>, Lys.2.71,31.31.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Aeol. [[περί]] and περ = [[ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς… δίννεντες πτέρα]] Sapph.1.10; <b class="b3">περ κεφάλας</b> prob. in Alc.93, cf. 18; περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαι Theoc.29.25; also Hellenistic, <b class="b3">ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου</b> paid [[on my behalf]], PCair. Zen.790.23 (iii B. C.), cf. ''UPZ''57.12 (ii B. C.).<br><span class="bld">B</span> WITH DATIVE (in Att. Prose mostly in signf. ''ΙΙ'', especially in Th.),<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], [[round about]], [[around]], of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., ἔνδυνε περὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα Il.10.21; χιτῶνα περὶ χροῒ δῦνεν Od.15.60; δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ περὶ χροΐ Il.13.241; ἕσσαντο περὶ χροῒ χαλκόν Od.24.467; κνημῖδας… περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε Il.11.17; βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι 12.401: in Prose, περὶ τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάρας [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.61; θώρακα περὶ τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχειν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.2.13; <b class="b3">οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ περὶ τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια περὶ ταῖς χερσί</b> ib.1.3.2.; περὶ τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄντα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 359e, etc.; χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε περὶ στήθεσσι Il.13.245; χιτῶνα περὶ στήθεσσι δαΐξαι 2.416; πήληξ… κονάβησε περὶ κροτάφοισι 15.648; in other relations, <b class="b3">περὶ δ' ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται</b> will grow weary [[by grasping]] the spear, 2.389; δράκων ἑλισσόμενος περὶ χειῇ 22.95; κνίση ἑλισσομένη περὶ καπνῷ 1.317; περὶ σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση 23.598; μάρναντο περὶ Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν 18.453: rarely in Trag., περὶ βρέτει πλεχθείς A.''Eu.''259 (lyr.); κεῖται νεκρὸς περὶ νεκρῷ S.''Ant.''1240.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Poets, also, [[around]] a weapon, i.e. [[spitted upon]] it, [[transfixed by]] it, περὶ δουρὶ πεπαρμένη Il.21.577; ἐρεικόμενος περὶ δουρί 13.441; κυλινδόμενος περὶ χαλκῷ 8.86; περὶ δουρὶ ἤσπαιρε 13.570; πεπτῶτα περὶ ξίφει [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''828; αἷμα ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρί Il.1.303.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of a warrior [[standing over]] a dead comrade so as to defend him, ἀμφὶ δ' ἄρ' αὐτῷ βαῖν', ὥς τις περὶ πόρτακι μήτηρ 17.4; <b class="b3">ἑστήκει, ὥς τίς τε λέων περὶ οἷσι τέκεσσι</b> ib.133; <b class="b3">Αἴας περὶ Πατρόκλῳ… βεβήκει</b> ib.137, cf. 355; περὶ σκύμνοισι βεβηκώς [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]'' 1039.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of an object [[for]] or [[about]] which one struggles (cf. supr. A. 11.1), περὶ οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι Od.17.471; μαχήσασθαι περὶ δαιτί 2.245; περὶ παιδὶ μάχης πόνος Il.16.568; ἄνδρα περὶ ᾗ πατρίδι μαρνάμενον Tyrt.10.2; περὶ τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 314a; περὶ τῇ Σικελίᾳ ἔσται ὁ ἀγών Th.6.34 codd.; κινδυνεύειν περὶ αὑτῷ Antipho 5.6.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (cf. supr. A. 11.2), περὶ γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν, μή τι πάθοι Il.5.566; ἔδεισεν δὲ περὶ ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ 10.240, cf. 11.557; δεδιότες περὶ τῷ χωρίῳ Th.1.60, cf. 74, 119, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''27; θαρρεῖν περὶ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῇ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 114d, cf. ''Tht.''148c; περὶ πλέγματι γαθεῖ Theoc.1.54.<br><span class="bld">3</span> generally, of the cause or occasion, [[on account of]], [[by reason of]], <b class="b3">ἀτύζεσθαι περὶ καπνῷ</b>, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[ὑπὸ καπνοῦ]] in Il.8.183; μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.101; περὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαι Th.6.33; περὶ αὑτῷ σφαλῆναι Id.1.69: in Poets, <b class="b3">περὶ δείματι</b> [[for]] fear, Pi.''P.''5.58; <b class="b3">περὶ τιμᾷ</b> in honour or praise, ib.2.59; <b class="b3">περὶ τάρβει, περὶ φόβῳ</b>, A.''Pers.''696 (lyr.), ''Ch.''35(lyr.); περὶ χάρματι ''h.Cer.''429:—but <b class="b3">περὶ θυμῷ</b> is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.50.<br><span class="bld">C</span> WITH ACCUSATIVE,<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], prop. of the object [[round about]] which motion takes place, <b class="b3">περὶ βόθρον ἐφοίτων</b> came flocking [[round]] the pit, Od.11.42; περὶ νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππους Il.23.13; περὶ τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι 22.162; <b class="b3">ἄστυ πέρι… διώκειν</b> ib.173,230; ἐρύσας περὶ σῆμα 24.16, cf. 51, etc.; περὶ φρένας ἤλυθ' ἰωή 10.139; περὶ φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος Od.9.362: also of extension [[round]], <b class="b3">ἑστάμεναι περὶ τοῖχον, περὶ βωμόν</b>, Il.18.374, Od.13.187, etc.; λέξασθαι περὶ ἄστυ Il.8.519; μάρνασθαι περὶ ἄ. 6.256, etc.; φυλάσσοντας περὶ μῆλα 12.303; <b class="b3">οἳ περὶ Πηνειὸν… ναίεσκον, περὶ Δωδώνην… οἰκί' ἔθεντο</b>, 2.757, 750; σειρήν κεν περὶ ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην 8.25, cf. Od.18.67: in Prose, ἰκριῶσαι περὶ τὼ ἀγάλματε ''IG''12.371.22; φυλακὰς δεῖ περὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναι X.''An.'' 5.1.9; <b class="b3">περὶ τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν</b> [[somewhere near]] it, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 259a, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 1.2.9; εἶναι περὶ τὸν λαγώ Id.''Cyn.''4.4; <b class="b3">περὶ λίθον πεσών</b> [[upon]] it, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]'' 1180; <b class="b3">περὶ αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν</b> collapse [[upon]] themselves, D.2.10; ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] περὶ ἀλλήλας Th.7.23; <b class="b3">πλεῦνες περὶ ἕνα</b> many [[to]] one, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.103; <b class="b3">περὶ τὸν ἄρξαντα… τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι</b> is [[imputable to]] him who... Antipho 4.4.2: freq. with a Subst. only, <b class="b3">ἡ περὶ Λέσβον ναυμαχία</b> the sea-fight [[off]] Lesbos, X.''HG''2.3.32; οἱ περὶ τὴν Ἔφεσον [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''179e; στρατηγοὶ περὶ Πελοπόννησον ''IG''12.324.18: strengthened, περὶ τ' ἀμφί τε τάφρον Il.17.760; περὶ τ' ἀμφί τε κύματα Hes.''Th.''848; cf. [[ἀμφί]] c. 1.2.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of persons who are [[about]] one, ἔχειν τινὰ περὶ αὑτόν X.''HG''5.3.22; esp. <b class="b3">οἱ περὶ τινά</b> a person's attendants, connections, associates, or colleagues, οἱ περὶ τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις Th.8.63; <b class="b3">οἱ περὶ Ἡράκλειτον</b> his school, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''440c, cf. X.''An.''1.5.8, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ περὶ Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι</b> Archias [[and his colleagues]], Id.''HG''5.4.2, cf. ''An.''2.4.2, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ περὶ τινά</b> so-and-so [[and his family]], PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.), etc.; later <b class="b3">οἱ περὶ τινά</b>, [[periphrasis]] for the person himself, <b class="b3">οἱ περὶ Φαβρίκιον</b> Fabricius, Plu.''Pyrrh.''20, cf. ''Tim.''13, ''IGRom.''3.883.14 (Tarsus, ii/iii A.D.); cf. [[ἀμφί]] C. 1.3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of the object [[about]] which one is occupied or concerned, <b class="b3">περὶ δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, περὶ δεῖπνον πένεσθαι</b>, Il.24.444, Od.4.624 (but <b class="b3">περὶ τεύχε' ἕπουσι</b>, tmesis for [[περιέπουσι]], Il.15.555); later mostly <b class="b3">εἶναι περὶ τι</b>, Th.7.31, X.''HG''2.2.4; γενέσθαι Isoc.3.12; <b class="b3">περὶ γυναῖκας γενέσθαι</b> Vett. Val.17.20; ὄντων ἡμῶν περὶ ταύτην τὴν πραγματείαν D.48.6; διατρῖψαι περὶ τὴν θήραν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.2.11, etc.: less freq. ἔχειν περὶ τινάς Id.''HG''7.4.28, Gal.15.442; in [[periphrasis]] phrases, <b class="b3">οἱ περὶ τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες</b> poets and orators, Isoc.12.35; οἱ περὶ τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντες Id.9.8; <b class="b3">οἱ περὶ τὴν μουσικήν</b> ib.4; <b class="b3">οἱ περὶ τὰς τελετάς</b> ministers of the mysteries, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 69c; <b class="b3">ὁ περὶ τὸν ἵππον</b> the groom, X. ''Eq.''6.3; cf. [[ἀμφί]] C. 1.6.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[round]] or [[about]] a place, and so in, περὶ νῆσον ἀλώμενοι Od.4.368, cf. 90; ἐμέμηκον περὶ σηκούς 9.439; <b class="b3">ἃν περὶ ψυχὰν γάθησεν</b> in his heart, Pi.''P.''4.122; χρονίζειν περὶ Αἴγυπτον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.61, cf. 7.131; εὕροι ἄν τις [βασιλείας] περὶ τοὺς βαρβάρους [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 544d, etc.; οἱ περὶ Φωκίδα τόποι Plb.5.24.12, etc.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[about]], [[in the case of]], <b class="b3">τὰ περὶ τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ περὶ Μίλητον γενόμενα</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.13, 6.26; εὐσεβεῖν περὶ θεούς [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 193a; ἀσεβεῖν περὶ ξένους [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''5.2.10; ἁμαρτάνειν περὶ τινάς Id.''An.''3.2.20; ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς περὶ τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων ''IG''12.59.10; ἄνδρ' ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι περὶ τὴν πόλιν [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''696; τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν περὶ τὸν πατέρα Lys.10.21; οὐδεμία συμφορὴ… ἔσται… περὶ οἶκον τὸν σόν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.102; [[ποιέειν]] or <b class="b3">πράττειν τι περὶ τινά</b>, Id.1.158, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 507a; τὰ περὶ Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθέντα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.76; καινοτομεῖν περὶ τὰ θεῖα Pl. ''Euthphr.''3b; περὶ θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.1.20; <b class="b3">σπουδάζειν περὶ τινά</b> promote his cause, Isoc.1.10: without a Verb, αἱ περὶ τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.2.20; ἡ περὶ αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλεια Isoc.9.2; ἡ περὶ ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησις [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 246b: generally, of all relations, [[about]], [[concerning]], [[in respect of]], περὶ μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.93, cf. 8.86; πονηρὸν περὶ τὸ σῶμα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 313d; ἀκόλαστος περὶ ταῦτα Aeschin.1.42; <b class="b3">γελοῖος περὶ τὰς διατριβάς</b> ib.126; ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος περὶ τὸν Ἀστύοχον Th.8.84; [[as to]] (cf. A. 11.5), περὶ τὸ παρὸν πάθος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''179c, cf. ''Phd.''65a: freq. in place of an Adj., <b class="b3">ὄργανα ὅσα περὶ γεωργίαν</b>, i.e. [[γεωργικά]], Id.''R.''370d; οἱ νόμοι οἱ περὶ τοὺς γάμους Id.''Cri.''50d; αἱ περὶ τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναί Id.''Phlb.''51e; also in place of a gen., <b class="b3">οἱ περὶ Αυσίαν λόγοι</b> the speeches of L., Id.''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''279a; <b class="b3">ἡ περὶ Φίλιππον τυραννίς</b> the despotism of P., X.''HG''5.4.2; ἀκρασίας τῆς περὶ τὸν θυμόν [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1149b19: in Prose, to denote circumstances [[connected with]] any person or thing, <b class="b3">τὰ περὶ Κῦρον, τὰ περὶ Ἑλένην, τὰ περὶ Βάττον</b>, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.95, 2.113, 4.154; <b class="b3">τὰ περὶ τὸν Ἄθων</b> the [[works at]] Mount Athos, Id.7.37; <b class="b3">τὰ περὶ τὰς ναῦς</b> naval [[affairs]], Th.1.13; <b class="b3">τὰ περὶ τὴν ναυμαχίαν</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[τῆς ναυμαχίας]]) the [[events of]]... Id.8.63; τὰ περὶ τὸν πόλεμον [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 468a; τὰ περὶ τὸ σῶμα Id.''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''246d; τὰ περὶ τοὺς θεούς [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.1.23, etc.; cf. [[ἀμφί]] c.1.4.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of [[time]], <b class="b3">περὶ λύχνων ἁφάς</b> [[about]] the time of lamp-lighting, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.215; <b class="b3">περὶ μέσας νύκτας</b> [[about]] midnight, X.''An.''1.7.1; <b class="b3">περὶ πλήθουσαν ἀγοράν</b> ib.2.1.7; <b class="b3">περὶ ἡλίου δυσμάς</b> ib.6.5.32; περὶ τούτους τοὺς χρόνους Th.3.89, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of round numbers, <b class="b3">περὶ ἑβδομήκοντα</b> [[about]] seventy, Id.1.54; περὶ ἑπτακοσίους X.''HG''2.4.5, etc.<br><span class="bld">D</span> Position: περὶ may follow its Subst., when it suffers anastrophe, ἄστυ πέρι Il.22.173; ἔριδος πέρι 16.476: most freq. with [[genitive]], τοῦδε πράγματος πέρι A.''Eu.''630; τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέρι Id.''Th.'' 248, etc. (S. only once uses it [[before]] its gen., ''Aj.''150 (anap.)): in Prose, σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.36; σοφίας πέρι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Philebus|Phlb.]]'' 49a; δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκων Id.''Grg.''455a, etc.; γραμμάτων εἴπομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῶς ἔχεις πέρι Id.''Lg.''809e, cf. ''Ap.''19c.<br><span class="bld">E</span> [[περί]] abs., as ADV., [[around]], [[about]], also, [[near]], [[by]], freq. in Hom., γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα περὶ χθών Il.19.362, al.: strengthened, περί τ' ἀμφί τε κάλλος ἄητο [[round about]], h.Cer.276, cf. Call.''Hec.''1.1.13.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[before]] or [[above others]] (cf. A. 111), [[exceedingly]], only Ep., in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe, Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί Il.8.161, cf. 9.53; <b class="b3">σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι</b> ib.100; τοι πέρι δῶκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα 13.727; ἅ οἱ πέρι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη Od.2.116, cf. 7.110; πέρι γάρ μιν ὀϊζυρὸν τέκε μήτηρ 3.95; πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν 2.88; τὸν πέρι Μοῦσ' ἐφίλησεν 8.63.<br><span class="bld">2</span> περὶ does not suffer anastrophe in the Ep. phrase <b class="b3">περὶ κῆρι</b> [[right heartily]], περὶ κῆρι φίλησε Il.13.430, etc. (<b class="b3">κῆρι φιλεῖν</b> alone, 9.117); ἀπέχθωνται περὶ κῆρι 4.53; <b class="b3">περὶ κῆρι τιέσκετο</b> ib.46, cf. Od.5.36, 7.69; περὶ κῆρι… ἐχολώθη Il.13.206; also περὶ φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή 16.157; περὶ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη Od.14.433; ἀλύσσοντες περὶ θυμῷ Il.22.70, cf. Od.14.146; περὶ σθένεϊ Il.17.22.<br><span class="bld">3</span> for <b class="b3">περὶ πρό</b>, v. [[περιπρό]].<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">περὶ κάτω</b> bottom [[upwards]], δῖνος περὶ κάτω τετραμμένος Stratt.34, cf. Phot.; τὴν κόγχην στρέψας περὶ τὰ κάτω Ael.''NA''9.34.<br><span class="bld">F</span> IN COMPOS. all its chief senses recur, esp.<br><span class="bld">I</span> extension in all directions as from a centre, [[all round]], as in [[περιβάλλω]], [[περιβλέπω]], [[περιέχω]].<br><span class="bld">II</span> completion of an orbit and return to the same point, [[about]], as in [[περιάγω]], [[περιβαίνω]], [[περίειμι]] ([[εἶμι]] [[ibo]]), [[περιέρχομαι]], [[περιστρέφω]].<br><span class="bld">III</span> a going over or beyond, [[above]], [[before]], as in [[περιβαίνω]] III, [[περιβάλλω]] v, [[περιγίγνομαι]], [[περιεργάζομαι]], [[περιτοξεύω]].<br><span class="bld">IV</span> generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, [[beyond measure]], [[very]], [[exceedingly]], as in [[περικαλλής]], [[περίκηλος]], [[περιδείδω]], like Lat. [[per]]-.<br><span class="bld">V</span> the notion of [[double]]-ness which belongs to [[ἀμφί]] is found in only one poetic compd., [[περιδέξιος]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]).<br><span class="bld">G</span> PROSODY: [[περί]] never suffers elision in Il. or Od. (περ' ἰγνύσι ''h.Merc.''152); once in Hes., περίαχε ''Th.''678 (cf. Q.S.3.601, 11.382), v. [[ἰάχω]] fin.; περ' ἰγνύῃσι Theoc.25.242; περ' Ἠδάλιον ''Inscr.Cypr.'' 135.27 H.; also in Pi., περάπτων ''P.''3.52; περόδοις ''N.''11.40; περιδαῖος ''Fr.''154; περ' αὐτᾶς ''P.''4.265; ταύτας περ' ἀτλάτου πάθας ''O.''6.38: not in Trag. ([[περεβάλοντο]], [[περεσκήνωσεν]] are ff. ll. in A.''Ag.''1147, ''Eu.''634); in Com. and codd. of Prose writers only in part. of [[περίειμι]] ([[εἶμι]] [[ibo]]) ([[quod vide|q.v.]]):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Com., <b class="b3">περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ</b>, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1005 sq.:—Aeol. [[περρ]] metri gr., v. A. 5.