υἱός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ (written [[ϝηιός]] in<br><span class="bld">A</span> Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1931.103 (Nemea, vi B. C.)), declined regul. [[υἱοῦ]], [[υἱῷ]], [[υἱόν]], but in Att. Inscrr. only after 350 B.C. (exc. υἱός ''IG''12.529,530, 598, 625; [[ὑός]] ib. 585, 828; [[ὑόν]]ib.70.8), and then always so: —in earlier Att. and other Inscrr. inflected as a ῠ-stem (like [[πῆχυς]]), nom. [[υἱύς]] (written [[huihus]]) Klein [[Vasen mit Meister-signaturen]] 72 (''Brit.Mus.Cat.''701) (ὑύς ''IG''12.571, 670, 686; contr. [[ὕς]] ib.663); gen. [[υἱέος]] (ὑέος ''IG''22.4883); dat. [[υἱεῖ]]: dual υἱεῖ Lys.19.46, written ηυιε in ''IG''12.775 (corrupted to [[υἱέε]] in Pl.''Ap.''20a cod. B), [[υἱέοιν]]: pl. [[υἱεῖς]] (ὑεῖς ''IG''12.115.14, al.), [[υἱέων]], [[υἱέσι]] (S.''Ant.''571, Ar. ''Nu.''1001 (anap.)), <b class="b3">ὑέ[σιν]</b> (''IG''12.54.14), [[υἱεῖς]] (ὑεῖς ''IG''22.1.73): but gen. [[υἱέως]], and acc. [[υἱέα]], [[υἱέας]], which are formed as though from nom. [[Υἱεύς]], are rejected by Phryn.48,49, Thom.Mag.p.367 R., as not Att., though the two latter forms are used by later writers (as υἱέα Euph. 5, Arr.''Cyn.''16, ὑέα ''IG''42(1).244.4 (Epid., ii B. C.), but [[υἱέως]] is [[falsa lectio|f.l.]] in Th.1.13, J.''AJ''18.2.4, etc.): dat. pl. [[υἱεῦσιν]] is mentioned as a form that would be regular by Eust.1348.27:—Homer uses nom. [[υἱός]] (very freq.); gen. [[υἱοῦ]] only in Od.22.238, elsewhere <b class="b3">υἱέος</b>; dat. [[υἱέϊ]] or <b class="b3">υἱεῖ</b>; acc. υἱέα Il.13.350 (cf. ''IGRom.''4.360.29 (Pergam., hex.)), elsewhere [[υἱόν]] (very freq.): pl., nom. υἱέες Il.5.10, al., or υἱεῖς Od.15.248, 24.387,497; gen. υἱῶν Il.21.587, 22.44, Od.24.223; dat. [[υἱοῖσι]] (ν) only Od.19.418, [[υἱάσι]] (ν) Il.5.463, al. (never [[υἱέσι]]); acc. [[υἱέας]] ib.149, al.:—he also uses the shorter forms, gen. [[υἷος]], [[υἷι]], [[υἷα]], dual [[υἷε]] (distinguished from the voc. sg. [[υἱέ]] by the accent), pl. <b class="b3">υἷες, υἷας</b>; but these were confined to Ep.: their accentuation (in which codd. agree with Hdn.Gr.1.409) may preserve a trace of their Aeolic origin (v. infr.). The declension <b class="b3">υἱῆος, υἱῆϊ, υἱῆα, υἱῆες, υἱήεσσι, υἱῆας</b> (like [[βασιλῆος]], etc., as though from [[υἱεύς]]), belongs solely to later Ep. poets, as A.R.2.1093,1119, Nic.''Fr.''110, ''AP''9.23 (Antip.), etc. Dialect Inscrr. have the foll. archaic forms, nom. υἱύς ''IG''5 (1).720 (Lacon.), ''Leg.Gort.''12.17 (υιυις lapis); acc. υἱύν ''Inscr.Olymp.''30, ''Leg.Gort.''10.15; gen. [[υἱέος]] ib.6.3, ''Schwyzer'' 105 (Methana, vi B. C.); but υἱοῦ ''IG''9(1).867 (Corc., vii B. C.); nom. pl. υἱέες ''Leg.Gort.''7.25; acc. pl. [[υἱύνς]] ib. 4.40, ''IG''12.407 (Cret. or Argive); dat. pl. υἱάσι ''Leg.Gort.''4.37 (as in Hom., influenced by [[θυγατράσι]], [[πατράσι]], which have ρα = [[ṛ]], cf. Skt. pitṛṣu); ὑέεσσι ''IG''14.10 (Syrac.); [[υἷος]] in ''SIG''55 (Thessaly, v B. C.) is perhaps the Aeol. gen. ([[ὑός]] is nom. rather than gen. in ''IG''12.828); acc. ὗα ''Schwyzer'' 625 (Mytil., ii/i B. C.); a nom. [[ὑϊς]] (scanned -) ''IG''12.472 (Boeotia, vi B. C.), cf. Simon.249 (v. infr.); nom. pl. ὗες ''IG''22.3632.24 (hex., Eleusis, ii A. D.). The initial [[syllable]] is both [[υἱ]]-and [[ὑ]]-in Att. Inscrr. down to 400 B.C. (e.g. ὑεῖς ''IG''12.115.14, <b class="b3">ὑέ[σιν]</b> ib.54.14, [[ὑόν]] v. supr.), afterwards <b class="b3">ὑ-</b>, but [[υἱός]] reappears under the Empire; in Plato cod. A usually has [[ὑιος]], which is found also in T, cod. B always has [[υἱός]], editors restore <b class="b3">ὑός</b>; acc. [[υἱόν]] is recommended by Phryn. l. c.; in Inscrr. of Pergamon, Magnesia, and Delphi, and in non-literary Papyri, [[ὑός]] is at all times less common than [[υἱός]]:—<b class="b3">ὁ υεἱός</b> ''CIG'' (add.) 3857p; dat. [[υεἱῷ]] ib.3846z82 (both Phrygia), cf. ''BCH''11.471:—[[son]], Il.6.366, etc.; <b class="b3">υἱὸν ποιεῖσθαί τινα</b> to adopt as a [[son]], Aeschin.2.28; <b class="b3">υἱεῖς ἄνδρες</b> grown-up [[sons]], D. 25.88: metaph., <b class="b3">Κόρον Ὕβριος υἱόν</b> Orac. ap. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.77: rarely of animals, ''Ev.Matt.''21.5.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[periphrasis]], <b class="b3">υἷες Ἀχαιῶν</b>, for [[Ἀχαιοί]], Il. 1.162, al.; cf. [[παῖς]] 1.3.<br><span class="bld">3</span> generally, [[child]], and so <b class="b3">υἱ. ἄρρην</b> male [[child]], Apoc.12.5, ''PSI''9.1039.36 (iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">4</span> freq. in [[LXX]] in periphrases (Hebraisms with various meanings), υἱὸς ἐτῶν ἑκατόν 100 [[years old]], [[Ge]].11.10, al.; υἱοὶ ἀδικίας ''2 Ki.''7.10; υἱοὶ θανατώσεως ''1 Ki.'' 26.16; υἱοὶ τῶν συμμίζεων [[hostages]], ''4 Ki.''14.14; so υἱὸς εἰρήνης ''Ev.Luc.''10.6.<br><span class="bld">5</span> in some dialects, including the Ion. Prose of [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], [[υἱός]] is replaced by [[παῖς]]: [[υἱός]] is rare in Trag., A.''Th.''609, ''Fr.'' 320, E.''Or.''1689 (anap.), al., and 7 times in S.: Hom. has both words in this sense.<br><span class="bld">6</span> as a general term of affection, ''PGiss.''68.2 (ii A. D.), ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1219.2 (iii A. D.); [[υἱέ]], an author's address to the reader, [[LXX]] ''Pr.''1.8, al.<br><span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">δάμου υἱός, υἱὸς πόλεως, Ἑλλάδος</b>, as titles of honour, ''SIG''804.10 (Cos, i A. D.), 813A,B (Delph., i A. D.), 854 (Eleusis, i A. D.).<br><span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">υἱοὶ ἀνθρώπων</b> [[sons]] of men, [[periphrasis]] for [[men]] (cf. supr. 2,4), [[LXX]] ''Ps.''89(90).3; <b class="b3">οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀ.</b> ib.''Ge.''11.5, ''Ev.Marc.''3.28; υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου [[man]], [[LXX]] ''Ez.''2.1,3, al.; of the Messiah, ib.''Da.''7.13, ''Apoc.''14.14; used by Jesus of himself, ''Ev.Matt.''8.20, al. (by Stephen recalling the words of Jesus, ''Act.Ap.''7.56).<br><span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">υἱοὶ Θεοῦ</b> [[sons]] of God, implying [[inheritors of the nature]] of God (cf. supr. 4), ''Ev.Matt.''5.9, cf. 45, ''Ev.Luc.''6.35; implying [[participants in the glory]] of God, ib.20.36.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of Jesus, <b class="b3">τὸ γεννώμενον κληθήσεται υἱὸς Θεοῦ</b> ib. 1.35; <b class="b3">ὁ Χριστός, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ</b>, ''Ev.Matt.''26.63, cf.''Ev.Jo.''1.34.<br><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">Θεοῦ υἱός</b>, = Lat. ''Divi'' (''[[sc.]]'' ''Caesaris'') [[filius]], patronymic of Augustus, ''BGU''543.3 (27 B.C.), ''PTeb.''382.21 (i B. C.), ''IG''12(3).174.2 (Epist. ad Cnidios, 5 A. D.). [Hom.sts. has the first [[syllable]] short in nom., voc. and acc. sg., οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱός Il.6.130; Ἀμφιτρύωνος υἱός Od.11.270; Ποδῆς υἱὸς Ἠετίωνος Il.17.575, cf. 590; Ἀνθεμίωνος υἱόν 4.473; Σελάγου υἱόν 5.612; Ἕκτορ, υἱὲ Πριάμοιο 7.47; and <b class="b3">Πηλῆος υἱός, Μηκιστῆος υἱός</b> seem to be the better readings in 1.489, 2.566: in these places some other form ought perhaps to be restored, but none of the known forms has a short ῠ: [[ὑός]] has ῡ in ''IG''12.585 (vi B. C.), 828 (v B. C.), 2.2338, 22.4319 (both iv B. C.); Simon.l.c. seems to have used a monosyll. nom. [[υἷς]], and Hdn.Gr. may have read it as [[ὕις]] (), but this is uncertain, as in Sch.Il.5.266 he seems to say that [[ὕις]] ([[υἷις]] cod.) does not occur.] (Prob. from *sū-yú-s, cf. Skt. sūte 'procreate', Tocharian (A-dial.) [[se]], (B-dial.) [[soyä]] 'son'; different suffix in *sū-nu-s, Skt. sūnūs, etc., and in *sǔ-nu-s, OE. [[sunu]], etc. (all = [[son]]); *sūyú- perhaps became *sǔwyú-, then *suiwú-; [[υἱός]] and [[υἱόν]] perhaps by dissimilation from <b class="b3">υἱύς υἱύν</b>, since the o-stem forms appear first where υ-υ would otherwise be repeated; [[ὗϊς]] ([[ὑΐς]]) may be another dissimilation; the precise origin of <b class="b3">υἷος υἷι υἷες</b> etc. is uncertain.)