ὅρκος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> the [[object]] by which one [[swear]]s, as the [[Styx]] among the gods, Στυγὸς [[ὕδωρ]], ὅς τε μέγιστος ὅρκος δεινότατός τε πέλει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι Il. 15.38, cf. 2.755, Hes.''Th.''400,784,805, ''h.Cer.''259, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''983b31; or as [[Zeus]] among mortals, Pi.''P.''4.167; so of things, ὅρκον δ' ἐνοσφίσθης μέγαν, ἅλας τε καὶ τράπεζαν Archil.96; οἷς ἦν μέγιστος ὅ... [[κύων]], ἔπειτα χήν Cratin.231, cf. ''[[Placita Philosophorum|Placit.]]''1.3.8: hence,<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[oath]], mostly with [[epithet]] [[μέγας]], [[καρτερός]], Hom. (v. infr.), etc.; <b class="b3">θεῶν ὅρκος</b> an [[oath]] by the [[god]]s, Od.2.377; μακάρων ὅ. 10.299, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''647, E.''Hipp.'' 657; ὅ. ἐκ θεῶν μέγας A.''Ag.''1284; ὅρκος κατὰ τῶν.. [[ὀφθαλμός|ὀφθαλμῶν]] Aeschin.2.153; <b class="b3">ὅρκος πλατύς</b> a [[firm]]-based [[oath]], Emp.30.3; <b class="b3">ὅρκον ὀμόσαι</b> [[swear]] an [[oath]], ὄμοσέν τε τελεύτησέν τε τὸν ὅ. Od.2.378, etc.; <b class="b3">ὅρκον ἀπώμνυ</b> ib.377, cf. 10.381; ἐπὶ δ' ὅρκον ὀμεῖται Hes.''Op.''194; κατομόσαι E.''IT''790; <b class="b3">ὅρκον ἐπιορκῆσαι</b> [[take a false oath]], Aeschin.1.115, etc.; <b class="b3">ὅρκου προστεθέντος</b> when an [[oath]] is [[add]]ed, S.''Fr.''472, cf. ''El.''47; <b class="b3">δαίμονι τῷ Πλεισθενιδῶν ὅρκους θεμένη</b> having made a [[sworn]] [[compact]] with... A.''Ag.''1570 (anap.); ὅ. ἀλλήλοις ποιοῦνται οἱ μὲν ἔφοροι ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως, βασιλεὺς δ' ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ X.''Lac.''15.7; ὅρκους συνῆψαν E.''Ph.''1241, etc.; of the person demanding the [[oath]], <b class="b3">ὅ. ἑλέσθαι τινός</b> or [[τινί]] [[take]] [[it]] of him, i.e. [[make]] him [[swear]], Od.4.746, Il.22.119; <b class="b3">ὅρκους ἐπελάσαι</b> and <b class="b3">προσάγειν τινί</b> [[lay]] [[oath]] upon a man, put him on his [[oath]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.146, 6.62,74; <b class="b3">τὸν ὅ… ἐπάγειν.. Ὀποντίοις</b> [[readminister]] the [[oath]], IG9(1).334.12 (Locr., v B. C.); <b class="b3">ὅρκους δοὺς καὶ δεξάμενος</b> after tendering [[his oath]] to them and accepting theirs, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.23, cf. ''IG''12.52.18, A.''Eu.'' 429, Ar.''Ra.''589, D.39.3 and 4; so ὅρκον [[διδόναι]] καὶ [[λαμβάνειν]] Arist. ''Rh.''1377a7, 8; [[ἀποδοῦναι]] take [[it]] oneself, D.19.318, Aeschin.3.74; [[ἀπολαμβάνειν]] = [[administer]] or [[tender]] [[it]], D.5.9, 18.25; <b class="b3">ὅρκους καὶ πίστιν ἀλλήλοις δότε</b> [[swear to]] one another, Ar.''Lys.''1185, cf. And.1.107; <b class="b3">ὅρκοις καταλαβὼν τὰ τέλη</b> having bound the authorities [[by oaths]], Th. 4.86; ὅρκοις κατειλημμένους Id.1.9; <b class="b3">ὅρκῳ ἐμμένειν</b> [[abide]] by it, E. ''Med.''754; ὅ. [[τηρεῖν]] Democr.239; [[παραβαίνειν]] E.''Fr.''286.7, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]'' 332, D.19.318; ἐκβάντι τῶν ὅρκων [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 183b; [[ἐκλιπεῖν]] E.''Supp.''1194; συγχέαι Id.''Hipp.''1063; ἐμπεδοῦν X.''An.''3.2.10: after [[ὅρκος]] aor., pres., or fut. inf. may refer to fut. time, ὤμοσα καρτερὸν ὅ., μὴ.. ἀναφῆναι Od.4.253; <b class="b3">ἐμεῦ δ' ἕλετο μέγαν ὅρκον, μὴ πρὶν σοὶ ἐρέειν</b> ib.746; ὅρκους ἔδοσαν καὶ ἔλαβον, ἀποδοῦναι... Ἀθηναίους δὲ μὴ πολεμεῖν.. X.''HG''1.3.9: with Preps., οὐκ αὔτως... ἀλλὰ σὺν ὅρκῳ Od.14.151; σὺν θεῶν ὅρκῳ [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.3.12; <b class="b3">εἶπαι ἐπ' ὅρκου</b> say on [[oath]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.11; κατὰ τοὺς ὅρκους X.''HG''5.4.54; opp. παρ' ὅρκον Pi.''O.''13.83; παρὰ τοὺς ὅρκους X.''An.''2.5.41: [[proverb|prov.]], [[ὅρκους ἐγὼ γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω]] = [[the oaths of a woman I inscribe on water]], [[I write a woman's oaths in water]] S.''Fr.''811; parodied by Philonid. 7 ὅρκους δὲ [[μοιχός|μοιχῶν]] εἰς [[τέφρα]]ν ἐγὼ γράφω = the [[oath]]s of [[adulterer]]s I write on [[ash]]es, cf. Xenarch.6, Men. ''Mon.''25.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[Ὅρκος]], personified, son of [[Eris]], Hes.''Op.''804; a [[divinity]] who [[punish]]es the false and [[perjure]]d, ib.219, ''Th.''231, Orac. ap.[[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.86.γ; <b class="b3">Διὸς Ὅρκος</b>, as [[servant]] of [[Zeus]], S.''OC''1767 (anap.). (Cogn. with [[ἕρκος]].)