σημεῖον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, Ion. [[σημήϊον]], Dor. [[σαμήϊον]] ''IG''12(3).452 (Thera, iv B.C.), [[σαμεῖον]] ''IPE''12.352.25 (Chersonesus, ii B.C.), ''IG''5(1).1390.16 (Andania, i B.C.), [[σαμᾶον]] ''CIG''5168 (Cyrene):—= [[σῆμα]] in all senses, and more common in Prose, but never in Hom. or Hes.:<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[mark]] by which a thing is known, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.38; σημεῖα τῶν δεδικασμένων... σημεῖα πάντων ὧν ἔπραξαν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 614c; [[sign]] of the future, <b class="b3">τυραννίδος σ.</b> A.''Ag.''1355; σ. λαβεῖν ἔκ τινος E.''Hipp.''514; [[trace]], [[track]], σημεῖα δ' οὔτε θηρὸς οὔτε του κυνῶν.. ἐξεφαίνετο S.''Ant.''257, cf. ''El.''886; τῆς καταβάσεως X.''An.''6.2.2; of a cork on a buoy, Paus.8.12.1.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Dor., [[tomb]], IG12(3).452 (iv B.C.), ''CIG''l.c.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[sign from the gods]], [[omen]], S.''OC''94; τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν σ. γενόμενα Antipho 5.81, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]'' 244c, ''Ap.''40b, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.6.1; [[wonder]], [[portent]], [[LXX]] ''Ex.''4.8, al.; σ. καὶ τέρατα Plb.3.112.8, ''Ev.Matt.''24.24, ''Ev.Jo.''4.48, cf. ''IPE''l.c., D.S.17.114; φόβηθρα καὶ σ. ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ ''Ev.Luc.''21.11; especially of [[the constellations]], regarded as [[signs]], δύεται σημεῖα E.''Rh.''529 (lyr.), cf. ''Ion'' 1157.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[sign]] or [[signal]] to do a thing, made by flags, <b class="b3">ἀνέδεξε σημήϊον τοῖσι ἄλλοισι ἀνάγεσθαι</b> he made [[signal]] for the rest to put to sea, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.128; [[signal for battle]], <b class="b3">τὰ σ. ἤρθη, κατεσπάσθη</b>, Th.1.49,63, etc.; <b class="b3">καθαιρεῖν τὸ σ.</b> to take [[it]] down, strike the [[flag]], as a [[sign]] of dissolving an assembly, And.1.36; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας σ.</b> Ar.''Th.''278; <b class="b3">ὕστερος ἐλθεῖν τοῦ σ.</b> Id.''V.''690: generally, [[signal]], σ. ὑποδηλῶσαί τινι ὅτι.. Id.''Th.''1011; τὰ σ. αὐτοῖς ἤρθη Th.4.42; <b class="b3">τὸ σ. τοῦ πυρός, ὡς εἴρητο, ἀνέσχον</b> ib.''III''; [[signal]] to commence work, [ἡ] τοῦ σημείου ἄρσις ''Ath.Mitt.''35.403 (Pergam.); <b class="b3">σημείῳ ἀβαστάκτῳ, σημείοις ἀβαστάκτοις</b> with unremoved [[signal]] ([[s]]), of gymnasia, i.e. never closed, ''IGRom.''4.446 (ibid.), ''Abh.Berl.Akad.''1932(5).44(ibid., ii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[standard]] or [[flag]], on the admiral's ship, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.92; on the general's tent, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.5.13; <b class="b3">ἔξω τῶν σ.</b> out of the [[lines]], ib.8.3.19.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[body of troops]] under one standard or flag, ''PAmh.''2.39.2 (ii B.C.); cf. [[σημεία]] 1.2.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[landmark]], [[boundary]], [[limit]], <b class="b3">ἔξω τῶν σ. τοῦ ὑμετέρου ἐμπορίου</b> out of the [[limits]] of your commercial port, D.35.28; of milestones, Plu.''CG''7, Hdn.2.13.9.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[device]] upon a shield, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.171, E.''Ph.''1114; upon ships, [[figure-head]], Ar.''Ra.''933, Th.6.31, E.''IA''255 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[signet]] on ring, etc., [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''952, ''V.''585, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''191d, al., X.''HG''5.1.30, D.42.2, ''PRev.Laws'' 26.5 (iii B.C.); [[figure]], [[image]], Διὸς κτησίου Anticl.13; [[badge]], τρίαιναν σ. θεοῦ A.''Supp.''218: pl., [[written characters]], γράψαι σημήϊα.. φωνῆς ''IG''14.1549 (Rome).<br><span class="bld">b</span> pl. (Dor.) [[σαμεῖα]], [[stripes]], ib.5(1).1390.16 (Andania, i B.C.); [[clavi]]· [[σημεῖα]], ''Glossaria''<br><span class="bld">8</span> [[watchword]], [[war-cry]], Plb.5.69.8; ἀπὸ σ. ἑνὸς ἐπιστρέφειν τὰς ναῦς Th.2.90, cf.X.''HG''6.2.28.<br><span class="bld">9</span> [[birthmark]] or [[distinguishing feature]], Wilcken ''Chr.''76.14 (ii A.D.), ''Sammelb.''15.27 (ii A.D.), etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[sign]], [[token]], [[indication]] of anything that is or is to be, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1059, E.''Ph.''1332; σ. φαίνεις ἐσθλὸς.. γεγώς S.''El.''24, cf. ''OT''710; τέχνης σ. τῆς ἐμῆς Id.''Ant.''998; so later τὰ σ. τῶν καιρῶν ''Ev.Matt.''16.3, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in reasoning, a [[sign]] or [[proof]], Ar.''Nu.''369, Th.1.6,10, And. 2.25, etc.; τούτων ὑμῖν σημεῖα δείξω Aeschin.2.103, cf. 3.46; τάδε τὰ σ. ὡς.. X.''Ages.''1.5; σ. εἰ.. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 520e; <b class="b3">ὅτι ἀγαθὸς ἦν... τοῦτο μέγιστον σ.</b> Id.''Min.''321b; <b class="b3">τὸ μὴ ἐκδυθῆναι οὐδὲν σ. ἐστι</b> is no [[proof]] to the contrary, Antipho 2.2.5; also, [[instance]], [[example]], Hp.''VM'' 20; <b class="b3">σημεῖον δέ·</b> to introduce an argument, D.21.149, Isoc.4.86,107, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in the Logic of Arist., a [[sign]] used as a probable [[argument]] in proof of a conclusion, opp. [[τεκμήριον]] (a demonstrative or certain proof), ''APr.''70a11, ''SE''167b9, ''Rh.''1357a33.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in Stoic and Epicurean philos., [[sign]] as observable basis of inference to the unobserved or unobservable, Epicur.''Ep.''2p.43U., Phld.''Sign.''27, al., S.E.''M.''8.142, al.; <b class="b3">περὶ σημείων</b> (dub. sens.), title of work by Zeno, ''Stoic.''1.14.<br><span class="bld">4</span> Medic., [[symptom]], Hp.''Morb.''3.6, 15, Aret.''SD''1.9, Gal.1.313, 18(2).306.<br><span class="bld">b</span> = Lat. [[lenticula]], a kind of [[skin]]-[[eruption]], Cels.6.5.1.<br><span class="bld">5</span> pl., [[shorthand symbols]], Plu.''Cat.Mi.''23, Gal. ''Libr.Propr.''1, ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''724.3 (ii A.D.), Lib.''Or.''42.25.<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[critical mark]], Heph.Poëm.p.73C., D.L.3.65.<br><span class="bld">III</span> = [[στιγμή]], [[mathematical point]], Arist.''APo.''76b5, ''Ph.''240b3, Euc.''Def.''1, al.; also ς. (with or without [[χρόνου]]) [[point]] of time, [[instant]], Arist.''Cael.''283a11, ''Ph.''262b2sq.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Prosody and Music, [[unit of time]], Aristid.Quint.1.14, Longin.''Proll. Heph.''5.