δεῖ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=subj. [[δέη]], sometimes contr. [[δῆ]] (in codd. of Com., as Ar.''Ra.''265);<br><span class="bld">A</span> ὁπόσου κα δῆ ''IG''4.1484.65 (Epid.), cf. ''SIG''245''G''47 (Delph.); opt. δέοι Th.4.4; inf.<b class="b3">δεῖν</b>; part. [[δέον]] (v. infr. IV): impf. [[ἔδει]], Ion. [[ἔδεε]]: fut. δεήσει E.''Hipp.''941, etc.: aor. I ἐδέησε Th.2.77, etc.—Impers. from [[δέω]] (A), [[there is need]] (the sense of moral obligation, prop. belonging to [[χρή]], is later, S.''Ph.''583, etc.):<br><span class="bld">I</span> c.acc.pers.et inf., [[it is needful for]] one to do, [[one must]], once in Hom., <b class="b3">τί δὲ δεῖ πολεμιζέμεναι… Ἀργείους</b> why [[need]] the Argives fight? Il.9.337; δ. <μ'> ἐλθεῖν Pi.''O.''6.28, etc.: with nom. of the Pron., ἡγούμην… δεῖν… μεγαλοψυχότερος φαίνεσθαι D.19.235: rarely <b class="b3">δεῖ σ' ὅπως δείξεις</b>, = [[δεῖ σε δεῖξαι]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''556, cf.''Ph.''54; δεῖ σ' ὅπως μηδὲν διοίσεις Cratin.108; (the full constr. in S.''Ph.''77 <b class="b3">τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι… ὅπως γενήσῃ</b>): rarely c. dat. pers., there is need of.. for... θεοῖσι προσβαλεῖν χθονὶ ἄλλην δεήσει γαῖαν E.''Hipp.''941, cf. X.''An.''3.4.35, ''Oec.''7.20: the acc. pers. is often omitted, <b class="b3">ἐκ τῶν μανθάνειν δεῖ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἡμᾶς]]) [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.8, cf. A.''Ag.'' 567, ''Eu.''826, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. rei et inf., δεῖ τι γενέσθαι Th.5.26; παραδείγματα, καθ' ἃ δέοι ἀποκρίνεσθαι Pl.''Men.''79a, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ δέ οἱ ἔδεε κακῶς γενέσθαι</b> since [[it was fated]] for him... since he was doomed.., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.161, cf. 8.53, 9.109, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''825; for <b class="b3">οἴομαι δεῖν</b>, v. [[οἴομαι]].<br><span class="bld">3</span> abs. with inf. understood, <b class="b3">μὴ πεῖθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[πείθειν]]) S.''OC''1442, cf. ''OT''1273; <b class="b3">εἴ τι δέοι, ἤν τι δέῃ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[γενέσθαι]]), [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.2.59, Th.1.44; <b class="b3">κἂν δέῃ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[τροχάζειν]]), τροχάζῶ Philetaer. 3.<br><span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. rei, [[there is need of]], freq. with neg., οὐδὲν ἂν δέοι πολλοῦ ἀργυρίου Pl.''Cri.''45a, etc.; τί δεῖ τῆς ἀρετῆς; Arist.''Pol.''1309b10; sometimes with inf. added, μακροῦ λόγου δεῖ ταῦτ' ἐπεξελθεῖν [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''870, cf. 875, ''Supp.''407.<br><span class="bld">b</span> freq. in phrases, <b class="b3">πολλοῦ δεῖ</b> [[there wants much]], [[far from it]], <b class="b3">ὀλίγου δεῖ</b> [[there wants little]], [[all but;]] in full c. inf., πολλοῦ δεῖ οὕτως ἔχειν Pl.''Ap.''35d; τοὺς Πλαταιέας ἐλαχίστου ἐδέησε διαφθεῖραι [τὸ πῦρ] Th.2.77; πολλοῦ γε δεῖ, πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]'' 543, D.18.300, 21.71; <b class="b3">τοῦ πλεῦνος αἰεὶ ἔδεε</b> [[there was]] always further to [[travel]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.43; τοῦ παντὸς δεῖ Luc.''Merc.Cond.''13: also <b class="b3">ὀλίγου δεῖν</b> abs., in same sense, Pl.''Ap.''22a, etc.; μικροῦ δεῖν D.27.29.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with dat. pers. added, δεῖ μοί τινος A.''Ag.''848, E.''Med.''565, Th.1.71, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with acc. pers. added, αὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ προμηθέως [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]'' 86, cf. E.''Rh.''837, ''Hipp.''23.<br><span class="bld">4</span> rarely with Subj. in nom., <b class="b3">δεῖ μοί τι</b> something [[is needful]] to me, ἓν δεῖ μόνον μοι E.''Supp.''594; εἴ τι δέοι τῷ χορῷ Antipho 6.12; πρῶτον μὲν τοῦτο δεῖ, ὑπειληφέναι… D.10.15.<br><span class="bld">III</span> Med., [[δεῖται]] [[there is need]], c. gen., δεῖταί σοι τῆς αὐτῆς ἐρωτήσεως Pl.''Men.''79c; ὅσων δέοιτο Aen.Tact.13.1; ἑτέρου δεῖσθαι στρατηγοῦ νομίζων Plu.''Pel.''26: c. inf., ὥστε βραχἔ ἐμοὶ δεῖσθαι φράσαι S.''OC''570 (codd.); δεήσεται… ἀναγράφεσθαι Aen.Tact.31.9; τήν μευ γλῶσσαν ἐκτεμεῖν δεῖται Herod.6.41.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> neut. part. δέον (δεῖν is dub. in Ar.''Fr.''220, Lys.14.7, cf. A.D.''Adv.''132.30, Hdn.Gr.2.328, al., [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]): abs., [[it being needful]] or [[fitting]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 355d, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀπήντα, δέον</b>, he did not appear in court, [[though he ought to have done so]], D.21.90: c. inf., Ar.''Nu.''988; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν δέον</b> [[there being]] no [[need]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.65, etc.: fut. ὡς αὐτίκα δεῆσον διώκειν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.2.8: aor. δεῆσαν Plu.''Fab.''9, etc.: also <b class="b3">δέον ἂν εἴη</b>, = [[δέοι ἄν]], Plb.2.37.5, etc.: less freq. gen. abs. [[δέοντος]], c. acc. inf., Corn.''ND''17.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Subst. δέον, τό (v. sub voc.).