πνεῦμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=πνεύματος, τό, ([[πνέω]])<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[blast]], [[wind]], first in Anaximen.2, <b class="b3">ὅλον τὸν κόσμον πνεῦμα καὶ ἀὴρ περιέχει</b>: freq. in Trag., etc., ἀνέμων πνεύματα πάντων [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''1086 (anap.), cf. 1047 (anap.); θαλάσσας… πνεύματι λάβρῳ Id.''Pers.''110(lyr.); πνευμάτων ἐπομβρίᾳ Id.''Fr.''300.3; τέως δὲ κούφοις πνεύμασιν βόσκου [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''558; πνεύμασιν θαλασσίοις ἐξωσθέντες E.''Cyc.'' 278 (but [[πνοή]] is commoner in Poets; Hom. uses [[πνοιή]]); πνεύματα ἀνέμων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.16.ά; τὸ πνεῦμα κατῄει Th.2.84; <b class="b3">κατὰ πρύμναν ἵσταται τὸ π.</b> ib.97; τὸ πνεῦμα λεῖον καὶ καθεστηκὸς λαβεῖν Ar.''Ra.''1003; τὸ πνεῦμα ἔλαττον γίγνεται Id.''Eq.''441; εἰ φορὸν πνεῦμα εἴη X.''HG''6.2.27; <b class="b3">κατὰ πνεῦμα στῆναι τοῦ ἄρρενος</b> to [[leeward]] of him, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''560b14; but <b class="b3">κατὰ πνεῦμα προσιόντες</b> down [[wind]], ib.535a19; <b class="b3">πνεύματος ἀνείλησις, ἐκπύρωσις</b>, Epicur. ''Ep.''2pp.44,45 U.; as an element, [[air]], Corp.Herm.1.9, 16; τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ περὶ τὴν ψυχήν Plot.2.2.2, cf. Porph.''Sent.''29.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b3">θαλερωτέρῳ π.</b> with more genial [[breeze]] or [[influence]], A.''Th.''708(lyr.); λύσσης πνεῦμα μάργῳ Id.''Pr.''884(anap.); <b class="b3">αἰδοίῳ πνεῦμα χώρας</b> with [[air]] or [[spirit]] of respect on the part of the country, Id.''Supp.''29(anap.); <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ταὐτὸν οὔποτ'… ἐν ἀνδράσιν φίλοις βέβηκεν</b> the [[wind]] is constantly changing even among friends, S.''OC''612; πνεῦμα συμφορᾶς E.''IT''1317; ὅταν θεοῦ σοι πνεῦμα μεταβαλὸν τύχῃ Id.''HF''216.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[breathed air]], [[breath]], σάλπιγξ βροτείου πνεύματος πληρουμένη A.''Eu.''568; <b class="b3">αὐλῶν, λωτοῦ π.</b>, E.''Ba.''128(lyr.), ''Ph.''787 (lyr., pl.); <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἀπέρρηξεν βίου</b> the [[breath]] of [[life]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''507; πνεῦμα ἀπώλεσεν Id.''Th.''984 (lyr.); <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἄθροισον</b> collect [[breath]], E.''Ph.''851; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἀφεῖναι, ἀνεῖναι, μεθεῖναι</b>, to give up [[the ghost]], Id.''Hec.''571, ''Or.''277, ''Tr.''785 (anap.); πνεῦμα δειμαίνων λιπεῖν Id.''Supp.''554; πνεῦμα… δυσῶδες ἠφίει Th.2.49; <b class="b3">πνεύματος διαρροαί</b> the wind-pipe, E.''Hec.''567; τὰς τοῦ π. διεξόδους ἀποφράττον Pl.''Ti.''91c (v. [[πνεύμων]]); πνεύματος ῥώμη Plu.2.804b: [[proverb|prov.]], [[ἄνθρωπός ἐστι πνεῦμα καὶ σκιὰ μόνον]] = [[human being is only a breath and a shadow]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''13.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[breathing]], [[respiration]], freq. in Hp., <b class="b3">πνεῦμα πυκνόν, πνεῦμα ἀραιόν, πνεῦμα ἐκτεῖνον, πνεῦμα κατεπεῖγον</b>, ''Epid.''2.3.7; πνεῦμα πυκνότερον ''Acut.''16; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα προσκόπτον</b> checked, difficult [[breathing]], [[Aph]].4.68; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἄσημον</b> indistinct, feeble [[breathing]], Epid.6.7.8; πνεῦμα βηχῶδες ''Coac.''622; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα μετέωρον</b> [[shallow]] [[breathing]], [[Epid]].2.3.1; <b class="b3">τὸ πνεῦμα ἔχειν ἄνω</b> to be out of [[breath]], Men.23, cf. Sosicr.1; <b class="b3">τὸ πνεῦμα ἀνήνεγκαν</b> recovered their [[breath]], Hp.''Prorrh.''2.12 (so without τὸ πνεῦμα ''Aph.''2.43); but <b class="b3">ἀναφέρουσιν… κλαίοντά τε καὶ ἐς τὰς ῥῖνας ἀνέλκοντα τὸ π.</b> they [[sob]]…, Id.''Hebd.''51.<br><span class="bld">b</span> pl., of the air imagined as filling the veins, <b class="b3">πνευμάτων ἀπολήψιες ἀνὰ φλέβας</b> Id.Acut.(Sp.)7,al.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[flatulence]], in plural, Eub.107.9, Arist.''Pr.'' 948b25, Dsc.2.112, D.L.6.94.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[breath of life]], πνεῦμα ζωῆς [[LXX]] ''Ge.''6.17, 7.15, cf. Plu.''Per.''13,etc.; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἔχειν</b> retain [[life]], Plb.31.10.4; [[living being]], ἐγὼ Νίνος πάλαι ποτ' ἐγενόμην πνεῦμα Phoen.1.16; <b class="b3">οὐ πνεῦμα πάντα βρότεια σοὶ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[Πλούτωνι]]) νέμεται; ''IG''14.769 (Naples).<br><span class="bld">5</span> that which is [[breathe]]d [[forth]] or [[exhale]]d, [[odour]], ὦ θεῖον ὀδμῆς πνεῦμα E.''Hipp.''1391; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα βαρὺ ἀφιεῖσα</b>, of a tree, Plu.2.647b.<br><span class="bld">6</span> Gramm., [[breathing]] with which a [[vowel]] is [[pronounce]]d, ib. 1009e (pl.), A.D.''Adv.''147.18; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα δασύ, πνεῦμα ψιλόν</b>, Id.''Pron.'' 78.6, ''Adv.''148.9.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[divine]] [[inspiration]], ἄγρια… πνεύματα θευφορίης ''AP''6.220.4 (Diosc.); εἰ μή τι θεῖον… ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ Pl.''Ax.''370c; τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ δαιμόνιον ἐν μούσαις πνεῦμα Plu.2.605a; καθαρὸν δίκαιον… πνεῦμα θεοῦ σωτῆρος ''BMus.Inscr.''1062(Cyrene, ii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">IV</span> the [[spirit]] of God, πνεῦμα θεοῦ [[LXX]] ''Ge.''1.2, etc.: freq. in [[NT]], τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ''Ev.Marc.''3.29,al.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[spirit]] of [[man]], εἴτ' ἐστὶ τοῦτο πνεῦμα θεῖον εἴτε νοῦς Men.482.3: in [[NT]], opp. [[ψυχή]], ''1 Ep.Thess.''5.23, cf. ''Ep.Rom.''8.2; <b class="b3">τῷ π.</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τῷ σώματι</b>, ''1 Ep.Cor.''5.3; also, opp. [[γράμμα]], ''Ep.Rom.''2.29.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[spiritual]] or [[immaterial]] [[being]], [[angel]], Ep.Hebr.1.14, ''Apoc.''1.4; <b class="b3">τὰ ἄχραντα πνεῦματα, τὰ</b> <b class="b3">κακὰ πνεῦματα</b>, Iamb.''Myst.''3.31; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα πονηρόν, ψευδές</b>, [[LXX]] ''Jd.''9.23, ''3 Ki.''22.21, cf. ''Act.Ap.''19.12, 15, ''Apoc.''16.14, Porph. ap. Eus.''PE''4.23, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλάλου καὶ κακοῦ πνεῦματος οὖσα πλήρης</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">ἡ Πυθία</b>) Plu.2.438b.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> Rhet., [[sentence]] [[declaim]]ed in one [[breath]], Hermog.''Inv.''3.10,4.4,al.