ἐκ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=before a vowel [[ἐξ]], also<br><span class="bld">A</span> ἐξ τῳ ϝοίκῳ ''Inscr.Cypr.'' 135.5 H., in Att. Inscrr. before <b class="b3">ς ξ ζ ρ</b> and less freq. λ; <b class="b3">ἐγ-</b> in Inscrr. before <b class="b3">β γ δ λ μ ν;</b> Cret. and Boeot. ἐς ''Leg.Gort.''2.49, Corinn.''Supp.''2.67; [[ἐχ]] freq. in Att. Inscrr. before <b class="b3">χ φ θ</b> (and in early Inscrr. before ς, ''IG''12.304.20); also <b class="b3">ἐ Ναυπάκτω</b> ib.9(1).334.8 (Locr.); ([[ἐτ]] is for [[ἐπὶ]] in ib 9(2).517.14 (Thess.)):—Prep. governing GEN. only (exc. in Cypr. and Arc., c. dat., ''Inscr.Cypr.''135.5 H. (Idalium), (in form [[ἐς]]) ''IG''5(2).6.49 (Tegea, iv B.C.)):—radical sense, [[from out of]], freq. also simply, [[from]].<br><span class="bld">I</span> OF PLACE, the most freq. usage, variously modified:<br><span class="bld">1</span> of Motion, [[out of]], [[forth from]], ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης Il.1.269, cf.Pl.''Prt.''321c, etc.; μάχης ἔκ Il.17.207; ἂψ ἐκ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν 24.288; <b class="b3">ἐξ ὀχέων, ἐξ ἕδρης</b>, 3.29, 19.77; φεύγειν ἐκ πολέμοιο 7.119; ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλθεῖν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.2.9; ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο Il.9.344, cf. S.''Ph.''1287 (but <b class="b3">ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλειν</b> or [[παίειν]] to strike with a spear in the hand, opp. [[ἀντιτοξεύειν]] or [[ἀκοντίζειν]], X.''An.''3.3.15, ''Cyr.''4.3.16; <b class="b3">ἐκ χειρὸς τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι</b> ib.6.2.16, cf. 6.3.24, etc.); <b class="b3">ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν</b> ib.5.3.3; ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνεῖσθαι Pl.Com.190.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον</b> I loved her [[from]] my heart, [[with all]] my heart, Il.9.343; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάσασθαι X.''Oec.''10.4; μέγαν ἐκ θυμοῦ κλάζοντες Ἄρη A.''Ag.''48 (anap.); δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Id.''Th.''919 (anap.); οὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις S.''El.''344; <b class="b3">ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσθαι</b> receive [[with]] kindly heart, Id.''OC''486; ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀρθῶν δὲ κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός Id.''OT''528; <b class="b3">ὀρθὸς ἐξ ὀρθῶν δίφρων</b> [[with]] chariot still upright, Id.''El.''742; ἐξ ἀκινήτου ποδός Id.''Tr.''875; ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός Id.''Ph.''91.<br><span class="bld">3</span> to denote change or succession, freq. with an antithetic repetition of the same word, <b class="b3">δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ</b> one evil comes [[from]] (or [[after]]) another, Il.19.290; ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω S.''Tr.''28; <b class="b3">πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀμείβειν, ἀλλάττειν</b>, Pl. ''Sph.''224b, ''Plt.''289e; λόγον ἐκ λόγου λέγειν D.18.313; πόρους ἐκ πόρων ὑπισχνούμενοι Alciphr.1.8; ἀπαλλάττειν τινὰ ἐκ γόων S.''El.''291; ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι Id.''Ant.''437: hence, [[instead of]], τυφλὸς ἐκ δεδορκότος Id.''OT''454; λευκὴν..ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα Id.''Ant.''1093; ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς D.18.131, cf. X. ''An.''7.7.28, etc.<br><span class="bld">4</span> to express separation or distinction [[from]] a number, <b class="b3">ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες</b> four [[out of]] many, Il.15.680; μοῦνος ἐξ ἁπάντων σωθῆναι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.87; <b class="b3">εἶναι ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων</b> to be [[one of]] the wealthy, Pl.''Grg.''525e; <b class="b3">ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Ζεὺς ἄλγε' ἔδωκεν</b> to me [[out of]] (i.e. [[above]]) all, Il. 18.431, cf. 432; ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα 4.96, cf. S.''Ant.'' 1137 (lyr.), etc.; redundant, εἷς τῶν ἐκ τῶν φίλων σου [[LXX]] ''Jd.''15.2.<br><span class="bld">5</span> of Position, [[outside of]], [[beyond]], chiefly in early writers, <b class="b3">ἐκ βελέων</b> [[out of]] shot, Il.14.130, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐκ καπνοῦ</b> [[out of]] the smoke, Od.19.7; <b class="b3">ἐκ πατρίδος</b> [[banished from]] one's country, 15.272; <b class="b3">ἐκ μεσου</b> [[κατῆστο]] sate down [[apart from]] the company, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.83; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι</b> [[out of]] its accustomed quarters, Id.2.142; <b class="b3">ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν</b> [[out of]] sight, Id.5.24; <b class="b3">ἐξ ὁδοῦ</b> [[out of]] the road, S.''OC''113.<br><span class="bld">6</span> with Verbs of Rest, where previous motion is implied, [[on]], in, <b class="b3">δαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθος..πῦρ</b> lighted a fire [[from]] (i.e. [[on]]) his helmet, Il.5.4; <b class="b3">ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο</b> washed his body in the river ([[with water from]] the river), Od.6.224: freq. with Verbs signifying hang or fasten, <b class="b3">σειρήν..ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες</b> having hung a chain [[from]] heaven, Il.8.19; <b class="b3">ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα</b> he hung his lyre [[from]] (i.e. [[on]]) the peg, Od.8.67; <b class="b3">ἀνάπτεσθαι ἔκ τινος</b> fasten [[from]] i.e. [[upon]]) a thing, 12.51; μαχαίρας εἶχον ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων Il.18.598; <b class="b3">πρισθεὶς ἐξ ἀντύγων</b> gripped [[to]] the chariot-rail, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1030, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἵππον ἐπέλκουσα</b> leading it [by a rein] [[upon]] her arm, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.12: with Verbs signifying hold, lead, <b class="b3">ἐξ ἐκείνων ἔχειν τὰς ἐλπίδας</b> to have their hopes [[dependent upon]] them, Th.1.84; <b class="b3">ἐκ χειρὸς ἄγειν</b> lead [[by]] the hand, Bion ''Fr.''7.2; <b class="b3">ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι</b> ib.6.2; ἐκ τῆς οὐρᾶς λαμβάνεσθαι Luc.''Asin.''23: with the Art. indicating the place of origin, <b class="b3">οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι</b> the robbers [[of]] the islands, Th.1.8, cf. 2.5, 13; <b class="b3">τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας</b> those in the sea-fight, Pl. ''Ap.''32b; <b class="b3">τοὺς ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν</b> those in the tents, D.18.169; ἁρπασόμενοι τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.2.5; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἔθεον Id.''An.'' 4.6.25: even with Verbs of sitting or standing, <b class="b3">εἰσεῖδε στᾶσ' ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο</b> [[from]] Olympus where she stood, Il.14.154; <b class="b3">καθῆσθαι ἐκ πάγων</b> to sit [[on]] the heights and look [[from]] them, S.''Ant.''411; στὰς ἐξ ἐπάλξεων ἄκρων E.''Ph.''1009; <b class="b3">ἐκ βυθοῦ</b> [[at]] the bottom, Theoc.22.40: phrases, <b class="b3">ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς</b>, [[on]] the right, left, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.3.10, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐξ ἐναντίας, οἱ ἐκ πλαγίοὐ</b> ib.7.1.20; <b class="b3">ἐκ θαλάσσης</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐκ τῆς μεσογείας</b>, D.18.301.<br><span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">νικᾶν ἔκ τινος</b> win a victory over.., Apoc.15.2.<br><span class="bld">II</span> OF TIME, elliptic with Pron. relat. and demonstr., <b class="b3">ἐξ οὗ</b> ([[χρόνου]]) [[since]], Il.1.6, Od.2.27, etc.; in apod., <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ</b> [[from]] that time, Il.8.296; ἐκ τούτου X.''An.''5.8.15, etc. (but <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῖο</b> there[[after]], Il.1.493, and <b class="b3">ἐκ τούτων</b> or <b class="b3">ἐκ τῶνδε</b> usually [[after]] this, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.9.4, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''235); ἐξ ἐκείνου Th.2.15; <b class="b3">ἐκ πολλοῦ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[χρόνου]]) [[for]] a long time, Id.1.68, etc.; ἐκ πλέονος χρόνου Id.8.45; <b class="b3">ἐκ πλείστου</b> ib.68; <b class="b3">ἐξ ὀλίγου</b> [[at]] short notice, Id.2.11 (but also a short time [[since]], Plu.''Caes.''28); ἐκ παλαιοῦ [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.5.8; ἐκ παλαιτάτου Th.1.18.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of particular points of time, ἐκ νεότητος..ἐς γῆρας Il.14.86; ἐκ γενετῆς 24.535; <b class="b3">ἐκ νέου, ἐκ παιδός</b>, [[from]] boyhood, Pl.''Grg.''510d, ''R.''374c, etc.; ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου D.53.19; ἐξ ἀρχῆς A.''Eu.''284, etc.; <b class="b3">καύματος ἔξ</b> [[after]] hot weather, Il.5.865; <b class="b3">νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης</b> [[after]] clear weather, 16.365; ἐκ δὲ αἰθρίης καὶ νηνεμίης συνδραμεῖν ἐξαπίνης νέφεα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.87; so (like [[ἀπό]] II) <b class="b3">ἐκ τῆς θυσίης γενέσθαι</b> to have [[just finished]] sacrifice, ib.50, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου</b> [[after]] breakfast, X.''An.''4.6.21; <b class="b3">ἐξ εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν</b> to go to war [[after]] peace, Th. 1.120; γελάσαι ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δακρύων [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.4.28; κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰσιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος A.''Ag.''900; τὴν θάλασσαν ἐκ Διονυσίων πλόϊμον εἶναι [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[Characters|Char.]]''3.3; <b class="b3">ἐκ χειμῶνος</b> [[at the end of]] winter, Plu. ''Nic.''20.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[at]], in, ἐκ νυκτῶν Od.12.286; ἐκ νυκτός [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.4.2, etc.; ἐξ ἡμέρας S.''El.''780; ἐκ μέσω ἄματος Theoc.10.5; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ λοιποῦ</b> or <b class="b3">ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν</b> [[for]] the future, X.''Smp.''4.56, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''709e.<br><span class="bld">III</span> OF ORIGIN,<br><span class="bld">1</span> of Material, [[out of]] or [[of]] which things are made, γίγνεταί τι ἔκ τινος Parm.8.12; ποιέεσθαι ἐκ ξύλων τὰ πλοῖα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.194; πίνοντας ἐκ κριθῶν μέθυ A.''Supp.''953; εἶναι ἐξ ἀδάμαντος Pl.''R.'' 616c; ἐκ λευκῶ ἐλέφαντος αἰετοί Theoc.15.123; στράτευμα ἀλκιμώτατον ἂν γένοιτο ἐκ παιδικῶν X.''Smp.''8.32; <b class="b3">συνετάττετο ἐκ τῶν ἔτι προσιόντων</b> formed line of [[battle]] [[from]] the [[troops]] as they marched up, Id.''An.''1.8.14.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of Parentage, <b class="b3">ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέσθαι</b>, etc., Il. 20.106,6.206, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί</b> (where [[γένος]] is acc. abs.) 5.896; σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης 19.111; ὦ παῖ πατρὸς ἐξ Ἀχιλλέως S.''Ph.''260; πίρωμις ἐκ πιρώμιος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.143; ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''246a; τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς μητρός S.''Ant.''466, etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of [[place]] of Origin or Birth, ἐκ Σιδῶνος..εὔχομαι εἶναι Od.15.425, cf. Th.1.25, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί ''Ev.Jo.''8.23; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλή</b> the Areopagus, Arist.''Ath.''4.4, etc.; οἱ ἐκ τῆς διατριβῆς ταύτης Aeschin.1.54; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Περιπάτου</b> the Peripatetics, Luc.''Pisc.''43; <b class="b3">ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημείας</b> the Academic, Ath.1.34b; οἱ ἐκ πίστεως ''Ep.Gal.''3.7; οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας ''Ep.Rom.''2.8.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of the Author or Occasion of a thing, <b class="b3">ὄναρ, τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν</b>, Il.1.63,2.197, cf. Od.1.33, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''707, etc.; <b class="b3">θάνατος ἐκ μνηστήρων</b> death [[by the hand of]] the suitors, Od.16.447; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα</b> walls [[built by]] them, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.148; <b class="b3">κίνημα ἐξ αὑτοῦ</b> [[spontaneous]] motion, Plot.6.1.21; ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων A.''Eu.''331 (lyr.); ἡ ἐξ ἐμοῦ δυσβουλία S.''Ant.''95; ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ πόθος Id.''Tr.''631.<br><span class="bld">5</span> with the agent after Pass. Verbs, [[by]], Poet. and early Prose, <b class="b3">ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός</b> they were beloved [[of]] (i.e. [[by]]) Zeus, Il.2.669; <b class="b3">κήδε' ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός</b> ib. 70; προδεδόσθαι ἐκ Πρηξάσπεος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.62; τὰ λεχθέντα ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου Id.7.175, cf. S.''El.''124 (lyr.), ''Ant.''93, Th.3.69, Pl.''Ti.''47b; ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀμφισβητήσεται Id.''Tht.''171b; ὁμολογουμένους ἐκ πάντων X.''An.''2.6.1; τὰς ἐκ θεῶν τύχας δοθείσας S.''Ph.''1316, cf. Pl.''Ly.''204c: with neut. Verbs, ἐκ..πατρὸς κακὰ πείσομαι Od.2.134, cf. [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''759; τλῆναί τι ἔκ τινος Il.5.384; θνήσκειν ἔκ τινος S.''El.''579, ''OT''854, etc.; τὰ γενόμενα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.1.<br><span class="bld">6</span> of Cause, Instrument, or Means [[by]] which a thing is done, <b class="b3">ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος</b> [[in consequence]] of our fathers' friendship, Od.15.197; μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς 3.135; ἐξ ἔριδος Il. 7.111; τελευτῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ τρώματος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.29; <b class="b3">ἐκ τίνος λόγου</b>; E. ''Andr.''548; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ</b>; wherefore? Id.''Hel.''93; λέξον ἐκ τίνος ἐπλήγης X. ''An.''5.8.4; <b class="b3">ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας</b> make yourselves friends [[of]] (i.e. [[by means of]]).., ''Ev.Luc.''16.9; ζῆν ἔκ τινος X. ''HG''3.2.11 codd.; ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων τρέφειν ἐμαυτόν Isoc.15.152; ἐκ τόξων ἀνύσαι γαστρὶ φορβάν S.''Ph.''710 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">7</span> [[in accordance with]], <b class="b3">ἐκ τῶν</b> λογίων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.64; ὁ ἐκ τῶν νόμων χρόνος D.24.28; ἐκ κελεύματος A. ''Pers.''397, cf. Sophr.25; ἐκ τῶν ξυγκειμένων Th.5.25; <b class="b3">ἐκ τῶν παρόντων</b> ib.40, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κρινόμενοι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.2.21, cf. [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''485.<br><span class="bld">8</span> freq. as [[periphrasis]] for Adv., ἐκ προνοίας ''IG''12.115.11; <b class="b3">ἐκ βίας</b> [[by]] force, S.''Ph.''563; ἐκ δόλου Id.''El.''279; ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ζητεῖν Pl.''R.''499a: esp. with neut. Adjs., <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο</b>, = [[ἀγχίμολον]], Il.24.352; ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανέος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.150; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς</b>, Th.4.106, 6.73; ἐκ προδήλου S.''El.''1429; <b class="b3">ἐξ ἴσου, ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου</b>, Id.''Tr.''485, Th.2.3; ἐξ ἀέλπτου [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.111, etc.: with fem. Adj., ἐκ τῆς ἰθέης Id.3.127; ἐκ νέης Id.5.116; ἐξ ὑστέρης Id.6.85; ἐκ τῆς ἀντίης Id.8.6; ἐκ καινῆς Th.3.92; ἐξ ἑκουσίας S.''Tr.''727; <b class="b3">ἐκ ταχείας</b> ib.395.<br><span class="bld">9</span> of Number or Measurement, with numerals, <b class="b3">ἐκ τρίτων</b> in the third [[place]], [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''1178, Pl.''Grg.''500a, ''Smp.''213b; distributively, [[apiece]], Ath.15.671b.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of Price, ἐξ ὀκτὼ ὀβολῶν ''SIG''2587.206; <b class="b3">ἐκ τριῶν δραχμῶν</b> ib.283; συμφωνήσας ἐκ δηναρίου ''Ev.Matt.''20.2.<br><span class="bld">c</span> of Weight, ἐπιπέμματα ἐξ ἡμιχοινικίου ''Inscr.Prien.''362 (iv B.C.).<br><span class="bld">d</span> of Space, <b class="b3">θινώδης ὢν ὁ τόπος ἐξ εἴκοσι σταδίων</b> [[by the space of]] twenty stades, Str.8.3.19.<br><span class="bld">B</span> ἐκ is freq. separated from its CASE, Il.11.109, etc.—It takes an accent in anastrophe, 14.472, Od.17.518.—Ep. use it with Advbs. in <b class="b3">-θεν, ἐξ οὐρανόθεν, ἐξ ἁλόθεν, ἐξ Αἰσύμηθεν</b>, Il.17.548, 21.335, 8.304; ἐκ Διόθεν Hes.''Op.''765; ἐκ πρῴρηθεν Theoc.22.11.—It is combined with other Preps. to make the sense more definite, as [[διέκ]], [[παρέκ]], [[ὑπέκ]].<br><span class="bld">C</span> IN COMPOS. the sense of [[removal]] prevails; [[out]], [[away]], [[off]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> to express [[completion]], like our [[utterly]], [[ἐκπέρθω]], [[ἐξαλαπάζω]], [[ἐκβαρβαρόω]], [[ἐκδιδάσκω]], [[ἐκδιψάω]], [[ἐκδωριεύομαι]], [[ἐξοπλίζω]], [[ἐξομματόω]], [[ἔκλευκος]], [[ἔκπικρος]].<br><span class="bld">D</span> As ADVERB, [[therefrom]], Il.18.480.