καλός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=καλή, καλόν, Aeol. [[κάλος]] (v. infr.), α, ον, Boeot. [[καλϝός]] ''Schwyzer'' 538 (vi B. C.):—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[beautiful]], of [[outward]] [[form]], freq. of persons, [[κάλλιστος]] ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθεν Il.2.673: in Hom. usually in the phrase καλὸς τε μέγας τε Il.21.108, al.; <b class="b3">μέγας καὶ καλός</b> Od.9.513; καλή τε μεγάλη τε 13.289, 15.418; <b class="b3">καλὸς δέμας</b> [[beautiful]] of [[form]], 17.307; κ. ἰδέᾳ Pi.''O.''10 (''ΙΙ'').103; εἶδος [[κάλλιστος]] [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.2.1; κ. τὸ [[σῶμα]] Id.''Mem.''2.6.30; τὰς ὄψεις Theopomp.Hist.195; <b class="b3">Χορῷ καλή</b> [[beauteous]] in the [[dance]], Il. 16.180: c. inf., καλλίονες καὶ μείζονες εἰσοράασθαι Od.10.396; <b class="b3">ἐσορᾶν κ.</b> Pi.''O.''8.19: freq. of parts of the body, [[fair]], [[shapely]], <b class="b3">κ. πρόσωπα, ὅμματα, παρήϊα, σφυρά</b>, Il.19.285, 23.66, Od.19.208, Il.4.147; Χρώς 5.354, al.; of clothes, <b class="b3">εἵματα, φάρεα, Χιτών, Χλαῖνα, πέδιλα</b>, Od.6.111, 24.277, Il.2.43, Od.10.365, 1.96; [[πέπλος]] κάλλιστος ποικίλμασιν ἠδὲ μέγιστος Il.6.294; of arms and [[armour]], κνημῖδες, [[ἀσπίς]], [[σάκος]], [[κόρυς]], φάσγανα, ἔντεα, 3.331, 11.33, 22.314, 18.612, 15.713, Od.19.18; of buildings, manufactured articles, etc., αὐλὴ κ. τε μεγάλη τε 14.7; <b class="b3">κ. δώματα, τεῖχος, πόλιες</b>, 3.387, Il.21.447, 18.491; [[ἄμαξα]], [[τράπεζα]], [[θρόνος]], 24.267, 11.629, Od.1.131; also [[τέμενος]], [[ἀγρός]], Il.12.314, Od.24.206; so after Hom., Λύδιον κ. ἔργον Sapph.19, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐέρσα κ.</b> ead.''Supp.''25.12.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Att. added to a name in token of love or [[admiration]], as [[Ἀρίσημος]] κ. ''IG''12.921, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖσι τοίχοις ἔγραφ' Ἀθηναῖοι καλοί</b>" Ar. ''Ach.''144, cf.''V.''98; [[Ἀλκιβιάδης]] ὁ καλός, Σαπφὼ ἡ καλή, Pl.''Alc.''1.113b, ''Phdr.''235c.<br><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ἡ Καλή</b> or [[Καλλίστη]], as [[epithet]], A.''Ag.''140 (lyr.), Paus. 1.29.2, ''CIG''4445 (Beroea).<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[Καλοί]], οἱ, divinities worshipped in childbirth, ''IG''5(1).1445 (Messene, ii B. C.).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[τὸ καλόν]] = [[beauty]], Sapph.79, E.''IA''21 (anap.), etc.; [[τὰ καλά]] = the [[propriety|proprieties]] or [[elegance|elegancies]] of [[life]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.8, 207; ἁπάντων καλῶν ἄμμορος Pi.''O.''1.84; αἱ τέχναι ἃς πηγάς φασι τῶν κ. εἶναι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''7.2.13.<br><span class="bld">II</span> with ref. to use, [[good]], [[of fine quality]], κ. λιμήν Od.6.263; <b class="b3">Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ… καλῷ</b> [[fair]], 14.253, 299; <b class="b3">κ. ἀργύριον</b>, opp. [[κίβδηλον]], [[genuine]] silver, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.1.9; opp. [[ἀποτετριμμένον]], [[good]] [[silver]] [[currency]], ''PCair.Zen.''21.33 (iii B. C.); ἐλαῖαι ''PHib.'' 1.49.12 (iii B. C.); γῆ ''Ev.Luc.''8.15; κ. [[οἶνος]] ''PFay.''133.8 (iv A. D.); στρατόπεδον κάλλιστον Th.5.60; ἀνταπεδώκατε πονηρὰ ἀντὶ καλῶν [[LXX]] ''Ge.'' 44.4; κ. ἐς στρατιάν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.3.6; πρός τι Pl.''Hp.Ma.''295c, ''Grg.''474d, etc.: c. inf., [[λόφος]] [[κάλλιστος]] τρέχειν X.''An.''4.8.26; <b class="b3">ἐν καλῷ</b> ([[τόπῳ]]) in a [[good]] place, [[καθίζεσθαι]], [[ὁρμεῖν]], Ar.''Th.''292, X.''HG''2.1.25; <b class="b3">ἐν καλῷ μὲν τοῦ κόλπου καὶ τῶν πόλεων, ἐν κ. δὲ τοῦ τὴν Χώραν βλάπτειν</b>, ib.6.2.9; [[ἐν καλῷ]] = [[under]] [[favourable]] [[circumstance]]s, Th.5.59.60; <b class="b3">ἐν κ.</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[χρόνῳ]]) in [[good]] [[time]], in [[season]], E.''IA''1106; <b class="b3">ἐν οὐ κ.</b> Id.''Or.''579; <b class="b3">ἐν καλῷ</b> ([[ἐστι]]) c. inf., S.''El.''384 (so <b class="b3">καλόν ἐστι</b> c. inf., Id.''Ph.''1155 (lyr.), Ar.''Pax'' 278, Th.8.2); ἐς καλόν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''78, Pl.''Men.''89e, ''Smp.''174e; <b class="b3">τί γὰρ ἐμοὶ ζῆν καλόν</b>; what is the [[good]] of [[life]] to me? Ph.2.594; [[καλῇ πίστει]] = Lat. [[bona fide]], PTeb.418.14 (iii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> of sacrifices, [[auspicious]], σφάγια A.''Th.''379; οἰωνοί [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]'' 1333; ἱερά Th.4.92; τὸ τέλος κ. τῆς ἐξόδου X.''An.''5.2.9; κ. τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν αὐτῷ Id.''Cyr.''3.2.3: c. inf., ἰέναι… κ. ἡμῖν τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν Id.''An.''2.2.3: Com., <b class="b3">τὰ τῆς πυγῆς κ.</b> (for <b class="b3">τοῦ θεοῦ</b>) Ar. ''Pax''868.<br><span class="bld">III</span> in a moral sense, [[beautiful]], [[noble]], [[honourable]], in Hom. only in neut., οὐ καλὸν ἔειπες Od.8.166, cf. 17.381; μεῖζον κλέος… καὶ κάλλιον 18.255; freq. [[καλόν]] ([[ἐστι]]) c. inf., κ. τοι σὺν ἐμοὶ τὸν κήδειν ὅς κ' ἐμὲ κήδῃ Il.9.615; <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἔμοιγε κ.</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἄρχειν]]) 21.440; οὐ κ. [[ἀτέμβειν]] οὐδὲ δίκαιον Od.20.294; so in Trag., καλόν μοι τοῦτο ποιούσῃ θανεῖν S.''Ant.''72, etc.; μάθετε καλὸν ποιεῖν [[LXX]] ''Is.''1.17: Comp., οὐ μέν τοι τόδε κάλλιον οὐδὲ ἔοικε Od.7.159, cf. Il.24.52; after Hom. freq. of actions, etc., κάλων κἄσλων Sapph.''Supp.''2.4 (unless of persons here); καλὰ [[ἔργμα]]τα = [[noble]] [[deed]]s, Pi.''I.''4(3).42, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''839, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀναστροφὴ κ.</b> ''1 Ep.Pet.''2.12: in plural, [[excellence]]s, πλῆθος καλῶν Pi.''O.''13.45; πολλῶν καλῶν δεῖ τῷ καλόν τι μωμένῳ [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''938; <b class="b3">τὰ τοῦ παιδὸς κ.</b> X.''Smp.''8.17.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[τὸ καλόν]] = [[moral beauty]], [[virtue]], [[honour]], opp. <b class="b3">τὸ αἰσχρόν</b>, Id.''Mem.''1.1.16, cf. Pl.''Smp.''183d, etc.; ὅττι καλόν, φίλον ἐστί, τὸ δ' οὐ καλὸν οὐ φίλον ἐστίν Thgn.17, cf. E.''Ba.''881 (lyr.), Pl. ''Ly.''216c; οὐ ταὐτὸν ἡγῇ σύ, ὡς ἔοικας, κ. τε καὶ ἀγαθὸν καὶ κακὸν καὶ αἰσχρόν Id.''Grg.''474d, cf. ''Smp.''201e; <b class="b3">τοὐμὸν κ.</b> E.''Supp.''300.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of persons, in early writers coupled with [[ἀγαθός]], v. [[καλοκἀγαθός]]; later κ. ποιμήν ''Ev.Jo.''10.11; κ. [[στρατιώτης]] ''2 Ep.Tim''. 2.3.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> in Att. and Trag. freq. ironically, [[fine]], [[specious]], <b class="b3">γέρας κ.</b> A.''Eu.''209; κ. γὰρ οὑμὸς [[βίοτος]] ὥστε θαυμάσαι S.''El.''393, cf. E.''Ba.''652; κ. Χάρις D.9.65; κ. ὕβριν ὑβρισμένοι Id.23.121; καί σοι… θωπεῦσαι καλόν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]'' 1003; μετ' ὀνομάτων καλῶν Th.5.89.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Degrees of Comp.: Comp. [[καλλίων]], ον, Il.24.52, Od.10.396, etc.: neut. [[κάλιον]] [ᾰ] Alc.134: Sup. [[κάλλιστος]], [[καλλίστη]], [[κάλλιστον]], Il.20.233, etc.; late [[καλλιώτερος]] or [[καλλιότερος]], ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1672.6 (i A. D.), Sch.E. ''Tr.''966; also [[καλώτερος]] Hdn.''Epim.''69.<br><span class="bld">C</span> Adv.:—Poets freq. use neut. [[καλόν]] as adverb, κ. [[ἀείδειν]] Il.18.570, Od.1.155; καλά Il.6.326; later <b class="b3">τὸ κ.</b> Theoc.3.3, 18, Call.''Epigr.''53, Herod.1.54.<br><span class="bld">II</span> regul. Adv. [[καλῶς]] (Dor. [[καλώς]] Sophr.22), [[well]], [[rightly]], οὐδ' ἔτι κ. [[οἶκος]] ἐμὸς διόλωλε Od.2.64; [[καλῶς]] [[ζῆν]], [[καλῶς]] [[τεθνηκέναι]], etc., [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''479, etc.; [[καλῶς]] [[φρονεῖν]] = to be in one's [[right]] [[mind]], Id.''Fr.''836; οὐ κ. ταρβεῖς Id.''Tr.''457; [[καλῶς]] [[ἀγωνιεῖσθαι]] = [[fairly]], on the [[merit]]s of the [[case]], Lys.13.88; <b class="b3">Χρήματα δατῆθθαι κ.</b> ''Leg.Gort.''4.39; κ. εἰρημένα [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]'' 576.6; κάλλιον λέγεις [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''161b; κάλλιστ' ἂν εἴποι [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1172: freq. in phrase <b class="b3">καλῶς καὶ εὖ, καλῶς τε καὶ εὖ</b>, Pl.''Prt.''319e, ''Prm.''128b, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of good [[fortune]], [[well]], [[happily]], [[καλῶς]] [[πράσσειν]] = [[εὖ]] [[πράσσειν]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]'' 979, S.''Ant.''271; [[καλῶς]] καὶ [[εὖ]] [[πράττειν]] Pl.''Chrm.''172a; [[καλῶς]] [[ἔχειν]] = to be [[well]], A.''Th.''799, etc.; κ. ἔχει σοι [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''946, cf. S.''El.''816; [[καλῶς]] [[ἔχει]] c. inf., 'tis [[well]] to... [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.11.1: c. gen., [[καλῶς]] ἔχειν τινός = to be [[well off]] in [[respect]] to a thing, Hp.''Superf.''29; κ. παράπλου κεῖσθαι Th.1.36; εἰ κ. σφίσιν ἔχοι Id.4.117; οὔτε τοῖς θεοῖς ἔφη [[καλῶς]] ἔχειν, εἰ… [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.3.3; [[καλλιόνως]] ἔχει [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''169e, etc.; [[κάλλιστα]] ἕζει Id.''Hp.Ma.''295b.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[καλῶς]], = [[πάνυ]], [[thoroughly]], [[altogether]], τὸν κ. εὐδαίμονα A.''Fr.''317, = S. ''Fr.''934; κ. ἔξοιδα Id.''OC''269, cf. ''OT''1008; κ. ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς διεφθάρθαι [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]13.108: Comp., κάλλιον εἰδέναι Pl.''Hp.Ma.''300d; <b class="b3">κάλλιον ἐοικέναι</b> to [[be]] [[just]] [[like]], Hp.''Genit.''8.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[καλῶς]] [[ἀκούειν]] = to be [[well]] spoken of, Men.''Mon.''285, Plu.2.177e.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[καλῶς]] [[ποιῶν]] = [[rightly]], [[deservedly]], [[καλῶς]] ποιῶν ἀπόλλυται Ar.''Pl.''863, cf. D.1.28, al., Aeschin.3.232; in requests, <b class="b3">κ. ποιήσεις πριάμενος</b>, etc., ''PPetr.''3p.143 (iii B. C.), etc.; also c. inf., κ. π. γράψαι ''BGU''1203.7 (i B. C.), etc.<br><span class="bld">6</span> in answers, to approve the words of the former speaker, [[well said]]! [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''1216, D.39.15; also, to [[decline]] an [[offer]] [[courteously]], [[no, thank you]]! Ar.''Ra.''888; [[καλῶς]] ἔχει Antiph.165, Men.''Pk.''266; [[πάνυ]] [[καλῶς]] Ar.''Ra.''512; ἀμέλει [[καλῶς]] ib.532: Sup., κάλλιστ', [[ἐπαινῶ]] ib.508; ἔχει κάλλιστα Theoc.15.3.<br><span class="bld">7</span> ironically, [[finely]], καλῶς ἐρήμης γ' ἂν σὺ γῆς ἄρχοις μόνος S.''Ant.''739, cf. E.''Med.''588, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''344, Din.1.69.<br><span class="bld">8</span> [[καλῶς]] ὁ [[ἱερεύς]] = [[hurrah]] for the [[priest]]! ''SIG''1109.14 (Athens, ii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">9</span> repeated with the Adj., καλὴ καλῶς [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''253, ''Pax''1330, ''Ec.''730; καλὸς κάλλιστά τε ῥέξαις Pi.''O.''9.94.<br><span class="bld">10</span> Comp. [[καλλιόνως]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]'' [[l.c.]], ''Lg.''660d: Sup. [[καλλίστως]] ''PMag.Par.''1.2443,2465, Sch.E.''Hec.''310.<br><span class="bld">D</span> for compds., v. [[καλλι-]], [[καλο-]].<br><span class="bld">E</span> Quantity: ᾱ in Ep. and early Iamb. Poets (exc. ''h.Ven.''29, Hes.''Op.''63, ''Th.''585): ᾰ in Lyr. (exc. κᾱλῶς B.12.206) and Trag. (A. ''Fr.''314, S.''Ph.''1381 are corrupt).—In Eleg., Epigr., and Bucol. Poets ᾰ or ᾱ (the latter usually in thesi); τὰ μὴ κᾰλὰ κᾱλὰ πέφανται Theoc.6.19, cf. Herod.7.115, Call.''Jov.''55.—In Comp., ῐ in Hom., ῑ in Trag. and later.