ἵνα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> Adv.,<br><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]],<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[in that place]], [[there]], once in Hom.,ἵνα γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι Il.10.127 (acc.to Eust.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> elsewhere relat., [[in which place]], [[where]], 2.558, Od.9.136, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.133,9.27,54, Pi.''O.''1.95, B.10.79, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''21, al., S.''El.''22,855, Ar.''Ra.''1231, etc.: rarely in Att. Prose, Lys.13.72 (v. infr.), Pl.''Ap.''17c, ''Phlb.''61b; <b class="b3">ἵνα ἡ Νίκη</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἐστίν]]) ''IG''22.1407.13: rare in later Greek, Arr.''An.''1.3.2, Luc.''Cont.''22, ''Ind.''3: with particles, ἵνα τε Il.20.478; ἵνα περ 24.382, Od.13.364, Lys. [[l.c.]]; <b class="b3">ἵν' ἄν</b> c. subj., [[wherever]], S.''OC''405, [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]'' 315; as indirect interrog., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.179, 2.150, E.''Hec.''1008.<br><span class="bld">b</span> after Hom., like other Advs. of [[place]], c. gen., ἵνα τῆς χώρης [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.98; <b class="b3">ἔμαθε ἵνα ἦν κακοῦ</b> [[in what]] a [[calamity]], Id.1.213; οὐδ' ὁρᾶν ἵν' ἐ̄ κακοῦ [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''367; <b class="b3">ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας</b> ib.1442; ἵν' ἦμεν ἄτης Id.''El.''936; ὁρᾷς ἵν' ἐσμὲν αὐτοῦ πέρι τῆς ἀπορίας Pl.''Sph.''243b.<br><span class="bld">c</span> with Verbs of motion, [[whither]], Od.4.821, al.; ὁρᾷς ἵν' ἥκεις [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''687, al., Din.2.10; ιναπερ ὥρμητο Th. 4.74.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of circumstance, <b class="b3">γάμος... ἵνα χρή</b> [[at which]], [[when]], Od.6.27; <b class="b3">ἵνα μὲν ἐξῆν αὐτοῖς... ἐνταῦθα . .</b> [[when]] it was in their [[power]], Antipho 6.9.<br><span class="bld">2</span> = [[ἐάν]], dub. in Il.7.353 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἵν' ἄν]], cf. Sch.), Archil. 74.7 codd., [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Din.1.1, and Pl.''Chrm.''176b.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Final Conj., [[that]], [[in order that]], from Hom. downwards, mostly first word in the clause, but sometimes preceded by an emphatic word, Pl.''Chrm.''169d; ἵνα δή Il.7.26, 23.207, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.29, Pl.''R.''420e, 610c: never with [[ἄν]] or κε (if found, these particles belong to the Verb, as in Od.12.156, E.''IA''1579).<br><span class="bld">I</span> general usage:<br><span class="bld">1</span> with subj.,<br><span class="bld">a</span> after primary tenses of ind., also subj. and imper.: pres. ind., Il.3.252, Od.2.111, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.2.3, ''Cyr.''1.2.11, Isoc.3.2: pf. ind., Il.1.203, Isoc.4.129: fut., Od.2.307,4.591, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.2.15; subj., [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''364; imper., Il.19.348,al., [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''61, S.''Ph.''880, Ar.''Ra.''297, Pl.''R.''341b, ''Men.''71d.<br><span class="bld">b</span> after historical tenses, in similes, where the aor. is gnomic, Od.5.490 ([[αὔοι]] codd.); where aor. is treated as equiv. to pf., Il.9.99, Od.8.580, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.91, Lys.1.4, D.9.26: when the purpose is regarded from the point of view of the speaker's present, σὲ παῖδα ποιεύμην ἵνα μοι . . λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς Il.9.495, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.29, 6.100, Th.1.44, al., Lys.1.11,12,al.<br><span class="bld">c</span> after opt. and [[ἄν]], when opt. with <b class="b3">οὐκ ἄν</b> is used with sense of imper., Il.24.264, Od.6.58; after <b class="b3">βουλοίμην ἄν . .</b>, Lys.7.12.<br><span class="bld">d</span> after impf. with [[ἄν]], D.23.7.<br><span class="bld">2</span> with opt.,<br><span class="bld">a</span> after historical tenses, Il.5.3, Od.3.2, A. ''Th.''215, Lys.3.11, Pl.''Prt.''314c, etc.: after the historical pres., E. ''Hec.''11: sometimes both moods, subj. and opt., follow in consecutive clauses, Od.3.77, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.76,9.51, D.23.93,49.14.<br><span class="bld">b</span> after opt., Od.18.369, S.''Ph.''325; βούλοιντ' ἂν ἡμᾶς ἐξολωλέναι, ἵνα . . λάβοιεν Ar. ''Pax''413.<br><span class="bld">c</span> rarely after primary tenses, by a shifting of the point of view, Od.17.250, Ar.''Ra.''24, Pl.''R.''410c.<br><span class="bld">3</span> with past tenses of ind.,<br><span class="bld">a</span> after [[unfulfilled]] wishes, Id.''Cri.''44d.<br><span class="bld">b</span> after ind. with [[ἄν]], to express a consequence which has not followed or cannot follow, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1389, Pl.''Men.''89b, D.29.17: esp. after <b class="b3">ἐβουλόμην ἄν . .</b>, Ar. ''V.''961, Lys.4.3.<br><span class="bld">c</span> after such Verbs as [[ἐχρῆν]], [[ἔδει]], E.''Hipp.''647, Pl.''Prt.''335c, ''Smp.''181e, ''Euthd.''304e, Isoc.9.5, D.24.48, Men.349.5, etc.: whenan unfulfilled obligation is implied, <b class="b3">τεθαύμακα ὅτι οὐκ εἶπεν</b>( = [[ἔδει εἰπεῖν]]) . . ἵ… [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''161c; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τοῦ κοσμεῖν</b>( = [[δέον κοσμεῖν]]) . . ἵ… D.36.47.<br><span class="bld">d</span> after pres. ind. in general statements (including the past), οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ εἶναι ἔχει ἡ ὕλη, ἱ. ἀγαθοῦ ταύτῃ μετεῖχεν Plot.1.8.5.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἵνα μή</b> as the neg. of [[ἵνα]], [[that not]], Il.19.348, etc.<br><span class="bld">II</span> special usages:<br><span class="bld">1</span> like [[ὅπως]], after Verbs of command and entreaty, is common only in later Gr. (but cf. Od.3.327 with ib.19), <b class="b3">ἀξιοῦν ἵ</b>… Decr. ap. D.18.155; δεήσεσθαι ἵ… D.H.1.83; [[παρακαλεῖν]] ἵνα… Arr.''Epict.''3.23.27: freq. in [[NT]], ἐκήρυξαν ἵνα μετανοήσωσιν ''Ev.Marc.''6.12, al.; of will, <b class="b3">ὅσα ἐὰν θέλητε ἵνα ποιῶσιν . .</b> ib.25: hence [[ἵνα]] c. subj. stands for infin., <b class="b3">ἐν τούτῳ ἵνα καρπὸν φέρητε</b>( = [[ἐν τῷ φέρειν]]) ''Ev.Jo.''15.8, etc.; πρῶτόν ἐστιν ἵνα κοιμηθῶ Arr.''Epict.''1.10.8, cf. M.Ant.8.29; also for [[ὥστε]], [[LXX]] ''Ge.''22.14,al., Plu.2.333a, Porph.''Abst.''2.33, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[because]], <b class="b3">ἵνα ἀναγνῶ ἐτιμήθην</b> I was [[honour]]ed [[because]] I [[read]], Anon. ap. A.D.''Synt.''266.5, cf. ''Conj.''243.21, Choerob.''in Theod.''2.257, al.; not found in literature.<br><span class="bld">3</span> elliptical usages,<br><span class="bld">a</span> where the purpose of the utterance is stated, <b class="b3">Ζεὺς ἔσθ', ἵν' εἰδῇς</b> 'tis Zeus,—[I tell thee this] [[that]] thou [[may]]'st [[know]] it, S.''Ph.''989; ἵνα μὴ εἴπω ὅτι οὐδεμιᾷ Pl.''R.''507d; ἵνα συντέμω D.45.5; ἵν' ἐκ τούτων ἄρξωμαι Id.21.43; <b class="b3">ἵνα δῶμεν . .</b> [[granted that]] . ., S.E.''P.''2.34, cf. 1.79.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in commands, introducing a principal sentence, <b class="b3">ἵνα συντάξῃς</b> [[order]] him... ''PCair.Zen.'' 240.12 (iii B.C.); ἵνα λαλήσῃς ''PSI''4.412.1 (iii B.C.); ἵνα ἐλθὼν ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ ''Ev.Marc.''5.23,cf. ''2 Ep.Cor.''8.7, [[LXX]] ''2 Ma.''1.9, Arr.''Epict.''4.1.41, Did. ap. Sch.S.''OC''156.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[ἵνα τί]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[γένηται]]); [[to what end]]? either abs. or as a question, Ar.''Ec.''719; or with a Verb following, Id.''Pax'' 409, cf. Pl.''Ap.''26d, etc.; <b class="b3">ἵνα δὴ τί</b>; Ar.''Nu.''1192.<br><span class="bld">d</span> in [[indignant]] [[exclamation]]s, [[to think that]] . . ! [[Σωκράτης]] ἵνα πάθῃ ταῦτα Arr.''Epict.''1.29.16.<br><span class="bld">III</span> in later Gr. with ind., [[LXX]] ''Ex.''1.11,al., ''Ep.Gal.''2.4, 4.17, etc.