ἀνήρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, [[ἀνδρός]], [[ἀνδρί]], [[ἄνδρα]], voc. [[ἄνερ]]: pl. [[ἄνδρες]], [[ἀνδρῶν]], [[ἀνδράσι]] [ᾰ], -δρας: Aeol. dat. pl.<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[ἄνδρεσι]] Alc.''Supp.''14.8: late nom. sg. ἄνδρας ''Cat.Cod.Astr.''7.109.7: in Att. the Art. often forms a crasis with the Noun, [[ἁνήρ]] for [[ὁ ἀνήρ]], [[τἀνδρός]], [[τἀνδρί]] for [[τοῦ ἀνδρός]], etc., [[ἅνδρες]] for [[οἱ ἄνδρες]]; the Ion. crasis is [[ὡνήρ]], [[ὧνδρες]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.161,134: Ep. also [[ἀνέρα]], [[ἀνέρος]], [[ἀνέρι]], dual [[ἀνέρε]], pl. [[ἀνέρες]], [[ἀνέρας]], [[ἄνδρεσσι]]. [Ep. Poets mostly use ᾱ in arsi, ᾰ in thesi; but in trisyll. forms with stem ἀνέρ- always <b class="b3">ᾱ</b>; so also Trag. in lyr., S.''Tr.''1011, ''OT''869. But in Trag. senarians ᾰ always.] ([[ἀ-]] in nom. by analogy; cf. Skt. nar- from I.-E. ner-, nṛ- from nṛ-, Gk. ἀνδρ- from ṇr-):—[[man]], opp. [[woman]] ([[ἄνθρωπος]] being [[man]] as opp. to [[beast]]), Il.17.435, Od.21.323; [[τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἄπαις]] = [[without male children]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''877e; in Hom. mostly of [[prince]]s, [[leader]]s, etc., but also of [[free]] men; [[ἀνὴρ δήμου]] = [[one of the people]], Il.2.198, cf. Od.17.352; with a qualifying word to indicate rank, ἀνὴρ [[βουληφόρος]] Il.2.61; ἀνὴρ [[βασιλεύς]] Od.24.253; ἡγήτορες ἄ. Il.11.687.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[man]], opp. [[god]], [[πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε]] ib.1.544, al.; Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν ib.334, cf. 403, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.63, etc.: most common in plural, yet sometimes in sg., e.g. Il.18.432:—freq. with a Noun added, βροτοί, θνητοὶ ἄ., Od.5.197,10.306; ἄ. [[ἡμίθεος|ἡμίθεοι]] Il.12.23; ἄ. ἥρωες ib.5.746:—also of [[men]], opp. [[monster]]s, Od.21.303:—of [[men]] in societies and cities, οὔτε παρ' ἀνδράσιν οὔτ' ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις Pi.''O.'' 6.10; and so prob., ἄλλοτε μέν τ' ἐπὶ Κύνθου ἐβήσαο... ἄλλοτε δ' ἂν νήσους τε καὶ ἀνέρας.. ''h.Ap.''142.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[man]], opp. [[youth]], unless the context [[determine]]s the meaning, as in οὔ πως ἔστι νεωτέρῳ ἀνδρὶ μάχεσθαι ἄνδρα γέροντα Od.18.53; but ἀ. alone always means a [[man]] in the [[prime]] of [[life]], esp. [[warrior]], ἀ. ἕλεν ἄνδρα Il.15.328; so ἀ. ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς ἐλύθησαν Th.2.103; the several ages are given as [[παῖς]], [[μειράκιον]], ἀνήρ, [[πρεσβύτης]] X.''Smp.''4.17; εἰς ἄνδρας [[ἐγγράφεσθαι]], [[συντελεῖν]], D.19.230, Isoc.12.212; εἰς ἄνδρας [[ἀναβῆναι]] ''BMus.Inscr.''898; in Inscrr. relating to [[contest]]s, opp. [[παῖδες]], ''IG''22.1138.10, etc.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[man]] emphatically, [[man indeed]], ἀνέρες ἄστε, φίλοι Il.5.529; freq. in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], πολλοὶ μὲν ἄνθρωποι, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἄνδρες 7.210; πρόσθεν οὐκ ἀ. ὅδ' ἦν; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''77; ἄνδρα γίγνεσθαί σε χρή E.''El.''693; ἀ. γεγένησαι δι' ἐμέ [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1255; ὃ μαθὼν [[ἀνήρ]] ἔσει Id.''Nu.''823; ἄνδρας ἡγοῦνται μόνους τοὺς πλεῖστα δυναμένους καταφαγεῖν Id.''Ach.''77; εἰ ἄνδρες εἶεν οἱ στρατηγοί Th.4.27; [[οὐκέτι]] ἀνήρ ἀλλὰ [[σκευοφόρος]] [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.2.25; τὸν Αυκομήδην.. μόνον ἄνδρα ἡγοῦντο Id.''HG''7.1.24; [[οὐκ ἐν ἀνδράσι]] = [[not like a man]], E.''Alc.''723, cf. 732; ἀνδρὸς τὰ προσπίπτοντα [[γενναίως]] [[φέρειν]] = 'tis the [[part]] of a [[man]] to [[bear]] with [[courage]] what [[befall]]s upon him, a man should [[bear]] with [[courage]] what [[befall]]s upon him.., Men.771, etc.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[husband]], Il.19.291, Od.24.196, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.146, etc.; εἰς ἀνδρὸς ὥραν ἡκούσης τῆς κόρης Pl. ''Criti.''113d; so ἐξοικιεῖν εἰς ἀνδρὸς [οἶκον] [[θυγατέρα]] Luc.''Lex.''11:—also of a [[paramour]], opp. [[πόσις]], S.''Tr.''551, cf. E.''Hipp.''491, Theoc.15.131; ἀνήρ ἁπασῶν τῶν γυναικῶν ἐστι νῦν Pherecr.155; αἰγῶν ἄνερ Theoc.8.49.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> Special usages:<br><span class="bld">1</span> joined with titles, professions, etc., ἰητρὸς ἀνήρ Il.11.514; [[ἀνὴρ μάντις]], [[ἀνὴρ στρατηγός]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.83,92 (dub.); ἀνὴρ [[νομεύς]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1118; ἄνδρες λοχῖται, λῃσταί, ἀσπιστῆρες, ib.751,842, ''Aj.''565; especially in [[disparagement]], κλῶπες ἄ. E.''Rh.''645; ἀνὴρ [[δημότης]] S. ''Ant.''690; with names of nations, as Φοίνικες ἄ. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.42; ἀνὴρ Θρῇξ E. ''Hec.''19,al.; especially in addresses, ἄ. ἔφοροι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.9; ἄ. πολῖται [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]'' 513; ἄ. δικασταί D.21.1, etc.; [[ὦ ἄνδρες]] = [[gentlemen]] of the [[jury]], Antipho 1.1, Lys.1.1, etc.; ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι Id.6.8, etc.: hence in Comedy, ἄ. ἰχθύες Archipp.29; ἄνδρες θεοί Luc.''JTr.''15; ὦ ἄ. κύνες Ath.4.160b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὁ ἀνήρ]], by crasis Att. [[ἁνήρ]], Ion. [[ὡνήρ]], is freq. used emphatically for αὐτός, ἐκεῖνος Ar.''V.''269, prob. in Pl.''Sph.''216b, etc.: sometimes so in oblique cases without the Art., S.''Tr.''55, 109, 293, etc.; but not in Prose.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἀνὴρ ὅδε]], [[ὅδ' ἀνήρ]], in Trag., = [[ἐγώ]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''78, E.''Alc.''690, etc.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[πᾶς ἀνήρ]] = [[every man]], [[every one]], freq. in [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''736c, al., cf. [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]'' 1523.<br><span class="bld">5</span> a [[man]], any [[man]], εἶτ' ἄνδρα τῶν αὑτοῦ τι χρὴ προϊέναι; Ar.''Nu.''1214; οὐ πρέπει νοῦν ἔχοντι ἀνδρί [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 114d, etc.; οὐ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς.. ἐσθ' ὁ πλοῦς = 'tis not every one that can go, Nicol.Com. 1.26.<br><span class="bld">6</span> ὦ δαιμόνι' ἀνδρῶν Eup.316; and often with a Sup., ὦ φίλτατ' ἀνδρῶν Phryn.Com.80, etc.<br><span class="bld">7</span> κατ' ἄνδρα [[viritim]], Isoc. 12.180, ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1047 iii 11, ''BGU''145.5, etc.; so [[τοὺς κατ' ἄνδρα]] = [[individual]]s, opp. κοινῇ τὴν πόλιν, D.Chr.32.6.<br><span class="bld">8</span> In LXX, [[ἀνήρ]] = [[ἕκαστος]], δότε μοι ἀνὴρ [[ἐνώτιον]] ''Jd.''8.24; [[ἀνήρ τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ προσκολληθήσεται]] '[[each to his fellow]]', of [[Leviathan]]'s [[scale]]s, ''Jb.''41.8; also [[ἀνήρ]] εἷς ''4 Ki.''6.2; with negs., ἀνήρ μὴ ἐπισκεπήτω ib.10.19; [[ἀνὴρ ἀνήρ]] = [[any one]], Le. 15.2.<br><span class="bld">9</span> ἄνδρας [[γράφειν]]· τὸ ἐν διδασκάλου τὰ παιδία ὀνόματα [[γράφειν]], [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]<br><span class="bld">VII</span> [[male]] [[animal]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''637b15.