οἶδα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> pf. morphology, [[οἶδα]] I [[know]], used as pres.: plpf. [[ᾔδεα]] (v. infr.), I [[knew]], used as impf.:—pf. [[οἶδα]], Aeol. [[ὄϊδα]] Alc. 145; 2sg. [[οἶδας]] once in Hom., Od.1.337, cf. ''h.Merc.''456, Thgn.491, Hippon.89, Hp.''Acut.''67, [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Alcestis|Alc.]]''780, Philem.44.3 codd.; [[οἶσθα]] elsewhere in Hom., Att., etc.; in Com. also sometimes οἶσθας Cratin.105, Alex.15.11, Men.348.5, cf. Herod.2.55; pl., [[ἴσμεν]], Ep., Aeol., and Dor. [[ἴδμεν]], also Ion., [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.6, al.; [[ἴστε]], [[ἴσασι]] [ῐς- Od.2.211, al., but ῑς- ib.283, al.]; οἴδαμεν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.17, οἴδατε ''AP''12.81 (Mel.), οἴδᾱσι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.43, X.''Oec.'' 20.14 codd.; dual, οἴδατον Socr.''Ep.''22.1: imper. [[ἴσθι]], [[ἴστω]], Boeot. [[ἴττω]], late ἰδέτω Phalar.''Ep.''122 codd.: from 3pl. [[ἴσασι]] (ἴσαντι Epich. 53) were formed Dor. 1sg. ἴσᾱμι Epich.254, Pi.''P.''4.248; 3sg. ἴσατι ''IG''14.644.4 (Bruttii); 1pl. ἴσᾰμεν Pi.''N.''7.14, [[ἴσαμες]] prob. in ''Dialex.'' 6.12; Cret. 3pl. subj. ἴθθαντι ''GDI''5024; inf. [[ϝισάμην]] Kohler-Ziebarth Stadtrecht von Gortyn 34 No.3.19; part. ἴσας A.D.''Adv.''175.19, dat. sg. ἴσαντι Pi.''P.''3.29, Cret. pl. ἴθθαντες ''GDI''5024: subj. [[εἰδῶ]] ([[εἰδέω]], [[ἰδέω]], Il.14.235, Od.16.236), Ion. 3pl. εἰδέωσι ''SIG''45.21 (Halic., V B.C.); Ep. also [[εἴδω]] Od.1.174, al. (cf. Hdn. Gr.2.131), εἴδομεν Il.1.363, εἴδετε Od.9.17: opt. [[εἰδείην]], 1pl. εἰδεῖμεν Pl.''La.''190b, ''R.''582a: inf. [[εἰδέναι]], Ep. [[ἴδμεναι]], [[ἴδμεν]], also [[ἰδέμεν]] Pi.''N.''7.25: part. [[εἰδώς]], [[εἰδυῖα]], Ep. also [[ἰδυῖα]], Elean [[ϝειζώς]] ''Schwyzer'' 409:—plpf. ᾔδεα Il.14.71, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.150, contr. ᾔδη S.''Ant.''18, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]'' 511, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 199a, ᾔδησθα Od.19.93, Eup. 416, etc. (but [[ᾔδεισθα]] freq. in codd., Ar.''Ec.''551, E.''Cyc.''108, Pl.''Men.'' 80d, al.), [[ᾔδεε]] (ν) Il.17.402, al., ᾔδη 1.70, al. (also later Att., acc. to Aristarch. ap. Choerob.''in Theod.''2.86), Att. contr. [[ᾔδει]] (ν) [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]''1187, Ar.''V.''558, etc.; Ep. 2 and 3sg. [[ἠείδης]], [[ἠείδη]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] -εις, - ει), Il.22.280, Od.9.206; Att. also 1sg. ᾔδειν D.37.24, 2sg. ᾔδεις Ar.''Th.''554, etc.; pl., ᾔδειμεν Aeschin.3.82, Arist.''APo.''87b40, ᾔδεμεν Men.14D. (to be read in [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1232), ᾔδειτε D.55.9, etc. ([[ᾔδετε]] prob. in E.''Ba.'' 1345), Ion. [[ᾐδέατε]] [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.58 (συν-), ᾔδεισαν [[LXX]] ''Ge.''42.23, Str.15.3.23, ᾔδεσαν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.175, Thgn.54, etc.; late Ep. [[ᾔδειν]], [[ἠείδειν]], A.R.2.65,4.1700, also [[ᾖσμεν]], [[ᾖστε]], [[ᾖσαν]], Ar.''Fr.''149.4 (prob.), [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''340, E. ''Cyc.''231, etc.; Ep. 3pl. ἴσαν Il.18.405, Od.4.772:—fut., in this sense, εἴσομαι Il.1.548, Hp.''VM''20, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''332, etc.; also [[εἰδήσω]] Od.7.327, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.234, Isoc.1.44, Aen.Tact.31.5, Arist.''Top.''108a28, Herod.5.78, Apollon.Perg.''Con.''1 ''Praef.'', etc.; inf. εἰδησέμεν Od.6.257.—The aor. and pf. are usually supplied by [[γιγνώσκω]]; aor. 1 inf. [[εἰδῆσαι]] is found in Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 22, ''Epid.''6.8.25 ([[ἐξ]]-), [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1156b27, [[Theophrastus]] ''Char. Prooem.''4; imper. εἴδησον ''PCair.Zen.''36.2 (iii B.C.); 3pl. subj. [[εἰδήσωσιν]] Herzog Koische Forschungen No.190 (ii/i B.C.):—[[know]], [[have knowledge of]], [[be acquainted with]], Hom., etc.: c. acc. rei, ὃς ᾔδη τά τ' ἐόντα τά τ' ἐσσόμενα πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70; <b class="b3">νοήματα, μήδεα οἶδε</b>, Od.2.122, Il.18.363, etc.: less freq. c. acc. pers., τούτους μὲν δὴ οἶδα Od.4.551, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 365e, D.54.34, etc.; <b class="b3">πρῶτος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν</b> the first we [[know of]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.6, etc.; παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴσμεν Th.1.4: strengthened by [[εὖ]] or <b class="b3">σάφα, εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι</b> [[know]] well, [[be assured]] of this, E.''Med.''593; σάφ' οἶδ' ἐγώ A.''Supp.''740, etc.: freq. in Hom. with neut. Adj., to [[express]] [[character]] or [[disposition]], <b class="b3">ἄγρια οἶδε</b> [[has]] [[fierceness]] in his [[heart]], Il.24.41; <b class="b3">ἀθεμίστια ᾔδη</b> [[had]] [[lawlessness]] in his [[heart]], Od.9.189; <b class="b3">αἴσιμα, ἄρτια ᾔδη</b>, 14.433, 19.248; <b class="b3">εἴ μοι ἤπια εἰδείη</b> if he [[were]] [[kindly]] [[disposed]] towards me, Il.16.73; φίλα εἰδότες ἀλλήλοισιν Od.3.277; <b class="b3">κεχαρισμένα, πεπνυμένα εἰδώς</b>, 8.584, 24.442: c. gen., ὃς σάφα θυμῷ εἰδείη τεράων Il. 12.229; ὃς πάσης εἰδῇ σοφίης 15.412; <b class="b3">τόξων ἐῢ εἰδώς</b> [[cunning]] with the [[bow]], 2.718; αἰχμῆς ἐῢ εἰ. 15.525; οἰωνῶν σάφα εἰδώς Od.1.202; ἐῢ εἰδὼς τεκτοσυνάων 5.250; μάχης ἐῢ εἰδότε πάσης Il.2.823; κύνε εἰδότε θήρης 10.360; παῖδ' ἔτ' ἐόντ' οὔ πω μάλα εἰδότε θούριδος ἀλκῆς 11.710; εἰδὼς πυγμαχίης 23.665; θεοπροπίων ἐῢ εἰδώς 6.438; <b class="b3">χάριν εἰδέναι τινί</b> [[acknowledge]] a [[debt]] to another, [[thank]] him, 14.235, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.21, etc.: imper., freq. in [[protestation]]s, <b class="b3">ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς αὐτός</b> [[be]] Zeus [[my witness]], Il.10.329; ἴστω νῦν τόδε Γαῖα 15.36, etc.; Boeot. <b class="b3">ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς</b> etc., [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''860, etc.: part. [[εἰδώς]], abs., [[one who knows]], one [[acquaint]]ed with the [[fact]], ἰδυίῃ πάντ' ἀγορεύω Il.1.365; μετ' εἰδόσιν ἀγορεύειν 10.250; μακρηγορεῖν ἐν εἰδόσιν Th.2.36, cf. 3.53; μαθεῖν παρὰ τοῦ εἰδότος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 337d, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἰδυίῃσι πραπίδεσσι</b> with [[knowing]] [[mind]], Il.1.608,al.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., [[know how]] to do, οἶδ' ἐπὶ δεξιά, οἶδ' ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ νωμῆσαι βῶν 7.238, cf. S.''Ph.''1010, Ar.''V.''376; also, to [[be]] in a [[condition]], [[be able]], [[have]] the [[power]], E.''Med.''664, D.4.40; of drugs, ὅσα λεπτύνειν οἶδε Alex. Trall.''Febr.''6; of a festival, <b class="b3">οἶδε ἐκπέμπουσα δάκνειν</b> Chor.p.124 B.; [[learn]], ἵν' εἰδῇ μὴ 'πὶ τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ὑψηλὸς εἶναι E.''Hipp.''729.<br><span class="bld">3</span> c. part., to [[know]] [[that]] such and such [[is]] the [[fact]], the part. being in nom. when it is a predicate of the Subject of the Verb, <b class="b3">ἴσθι μοι δώσων</b> [[know]] [[that]] [[thou]] wilt [[give]], A.''Ag.''1670; ἴστω ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ ἀποθανών [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.76; οὐ γὰρ οἶδα δεσπότας κεκτημένος E.''Hec.''397: in acc. when it is predicate of the Object, τοὺς φιλτάτους γὰρ οἶδα νῷν ὄντας πικρούς A.''Ch.''234; τὸν Μῆδον ἴσμεν ἐκ περάτων γῆς ἐλθόντα Th.1.69: with part. omitted, <b class="b3">γῆν αὐτὰ οἶδεν ἀμφότερα</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ὄντα]]) Jul.''Or.''7.226a.<br><span class="bld">4</span> less freq.c.acc. et inf., πλήθους… ἂν σάφ' ἴσθ' ἕκατι βάρβαρον ναυσὶν κρατῆσαι [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''337, cf. S.''Ph.''1329; εὖ ἴσθι τοῦτον… ἰσχυρῶς ἀνιᾶσθαι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.3.44; also εὖ τόδ' ἴσθι, μηδάμ' ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ πλῆθος τοσουτάριθμον ἀνθρώπων θανεῖν [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''431; ἕν γ' ἀκούσασ' ἴσθι, μὴ ψευδῶς μ' ἐρεῖν E.''IA''1005.<br><span class="bld">5</span> c. acc. followed by [[ὡς]], [[ὅτι]], etc., οἶδα κἀμαυτὴν ὅτι ἀλγῶ S.''El.''332; ἐάν τινα εἰδῶσιν ὅτι ἄδικός ἐστι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 323b, etc.<br><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ</b>… I [[know]] not whether, to express disbelief or doubt, sometimes with [[ἄν]] transposed, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμί σε E. ''Alc.''48, cf. D.45.7: with Verb omitted after [[εἰ]], as <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' εἴ τις ἄλλος</b> [[perhaps]] no other, Isoc.6.1, 12.10.<br><span class="bld">7</span> in similar ellipses with other Conjunctions, <b class="b3">οὐκ οἶδ' ὅπως</b> I [[know]] not how, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 40cb; οὐκ οἶδ' ὁπόθεν Id.''Cra.''396d.<br><span class="bld">8</span> [[οἶδα]], [[ἴσθι]] are freq. parenthetic, οἶδ' ἐγώ E.''Med.''948; <b class="b3">σάφ' οἶδα</b> ib.94,963; also <b class="b3">οἶδ' ὅτι, οἶσθ' ὅτι, ἴσθ' ὅτι, πάρειμι δ' ἄκων οὐχ ἑκοῦσιν, οἶδ' ὅτι</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[πάρειμι]]) I [[know]] it [[well]], S.''Ant.'' 276; <b class="b3">οἶδ' ὅτι</b>, freq. in D., as 9.1, al.; σάφ' ἴσθ' ὅτι Ar.''Pl.''889:—<b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὅ, οἶσθ' ὡς</b>, with imper., are common in Trag. and Com., <b class="b3">οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δρᾶσον</b>; [[do]] —[[thou]] [[know]]'st what, i.e. [[make haste]] and [[do]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''1158, cf. ''Pax''1051, etc.; <b class="b3">οἶσθ' ὡς πόησον</b>; [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''543; also <b class="b3">οἶσθ'… ὡς νῦν μὴ σφαλῇς</b>; Id.''OC''75; <b class="b3">οἶσθα νῦν ἅ μοι γενέσθω</b>; E.''IT''1203: rarely with the fut., <b class="b3">οἶσθ' οὖν ὃ δράσεις</b> (nisileg. [[δρᾶσον]]); Id.''Cyc.''131, cf. ''Med.''600 codd.