νικάω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. [[νικέω]] Democr.249, Herod.1.51, also ''GDI''1413.16 (Aetol.), ''SIG''265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.), [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in ''Apoc.''2.7; Aeol. [[νίκημι]] Theoc.7.40, ''AP''7.743 (Antip.); also in impf. [[νίκη]] cj. in Pi.''N.''5.5, cf. Theoc.6.46: Ep. impf. 1pl.<br><span class="bld">A</span> νικάσκομεν Od.11.512: fut. νικήσω, later νικήσομαι Hierocl.''Facet.''205; Dor. 2sg. [[νικαξῇ]] [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in Theoc.21.32: pf. [[νενίκηκα]], etc.: ([[νίκη]]):<br><span class="bld">I</span> abs., [[conquer]], [[prevail]] in [[battle]], in the [[game]]s, or in any [[contest]], Il.3.439, etc.; [[ὁ νικήσας]] the [[conqueror]], ib. 138, X.''Smp.''5.9, etc.; [[ὁ νικηθείς]] the [[conquered]], Il.23.656,663; [[ἐνίκησα καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην]] I [[won the first prize]] [at Olympia], etc., Th.6.16, cf. Isoc.16.33: pres.freq. in sense, to [[be conqueror]] (or [[be proclaimed conqueror]], Pi.''O.''9.112, 13.30, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.2.27, ''An.''2.1.1; [[νικᾶν πᾶσι τοῖς κριταῖς]] or [[ἑνὶ κριτῇ]] in their opinion, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''445, 447; [[πολὺ ν]]. [[win]] a decisive [[victory]], Th.7.34, etc.; τὰ πάντα ν. X.''An.'' [[l.c.]]: freq. c. dat. modi, [[πυγμῇ]] in [[boxing]], Il.23.669; ναυμαχίῃ [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.10.β'; ἵππῳ Id.6.122; μάχῃ E.''Ph.''1143, etc.; ἵππῳ ἢ συνωρίδι ἢ ζεύγει Pl.''Ap.''36d; λαμπάδι And.4.42, etc.: c. acc. cogn. in same sense, [[πάντα ἐνίκα]] he [[won]] all the bouts, Il.4.389, 5.807; [[τὰ κοῦφα]], [[τὰ μείζοναν]]., [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Alcestis|Alc.]]''1029, 1031; τῶν παλαισμάτων ἓν ν. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''256b; ἅρμα ν. Pi.''I.''4(3).25; παγκράτιον Th.5.49; [[ναυμαχίαν]], [[μάχας]], Id.7.66, Isoc.12.257, etc.: freq. [[ν. Ὀλύμπια]] to [[be conqueror]] in the Olympian games, Th.1.126; τὠλύμπια Timocl.8.17; τὰ Παναθήναια Pl.''Ion''530b; ν. Ὀλυμπιάδα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.33 (also ν. Ὀλυμπίασιν Pl.''Ap.''36d; ἐν Πυθίοισι Pi.''N.''2.9): c. dat. et acc., τὰ Πύθια τῷ τεθρίππῳ ν. D.59.33; [[πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας οὐ παγκρατίῳ μόνον]], [[κτλ]]., Plu.2.811d; [[Ὀλυμπίασι παῖδας στάδιον ν]]. [[conquer]] in the boys' race in the stadium at Olympia, D.58.66: c. dupl. acc., [[Πύθια ν. ἄνδρας]] Diog.Cyn. ap. D.L.6.33: also in Att. Inscrr. c. gen., Λεωντὶς ἀνδρῶν ἐνίκα ''IG''2.1291, al.: generally c. acc. cogn., [[νίκην ν]]. [[win]] a victory, E.''Supp.''1060, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 465d, etc. (cf. infr. ''ΙΙ''); also [[ν. τρίποδα]] [[win]] it, Simon.147.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[prevail]], [[be superior]], [[μύθοισιν]], [[ἔγχεϊ]], Il.18.252; δόλοισι Od.3.121; [[κάλλει ἐνίκα]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[κρητήρ]]) Il.23.742; πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν νενικηκώς [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''964c: c. part., εὐεργετῶν ν. X.''Ages.''9.7.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of opinions, etc., βουλὴ κακὴ νίκησεν = the [[evil]] [[counsel]] [[prevail]]ed, Od. 10.46; τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ Il.1.576, Od.18.404; ἐνίκα ἡ γνώμη [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.36, cf. Th.2.12, etc.; ἡ νικῶσα βουλή E.''Med.''912; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης [γνώμης] = [[according]] to the prevailing [[opinion]], [[vote]] of the [[majority]], X.''An.''6.1.18, 6.2.12; ταῦτ' ἐνίκα S.''Ant.''274; νικᾷ πάσαισι ταῖς ψήφοις ὁ νόμος = is carried, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''801a; σὺν ψάφῳ τᾷ νικεούσᾳ ''SIG''265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.): freq. of orators, νικᾷ… ὁ κακὸς ἐν πλήθει λέγων [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''944; ν. γνώμῃσι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.82 (so [[γνώμῃ]], [[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[γνώμην]], Id.1.61, cf.Ar.''V.''594): freq. impers., [[ἐνίκα]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἡ γνώμη]]) [[it was resolved]], c. inf., [[ἐνίκα μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν]] [[it was carried]] not... [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.101; τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ' ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν S.''Ant.''233, etc.; ἐνίκησε… λοιμὸν [[εἰρῆσθαι]] = it was the prevailing [[opinion]] that... Th.2.54; ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ νικᾷ [[ζῆν]] = it is [[preferable]]... [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Politicus|Plt.]]'' 303b.<br><span class="bld">4</span> c. inf., [[succeed]] in... ἐνίκησε σκορπίσαι ''Psalm.Solom.''4.13.<br><span class="bld">5</span> as law-term, νικάω τὴν δίκην = [[win]] one's [[cause]], E.''El.''955, cf. Ar.''V.''581; simply νικᾶν ''GDI''5011.11 (Gortyn), Arist.''Ath.''42.1, ''Rh.Al.''1433a6, ''PHal.''1.58 (iii B.C.), etc.; νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε ''Ep.Rom.''3.4:—Pass., c. gen., αἴ κα νικαθῇ τῶν ἐνεχύρων ''Schwyzer'' 177.9 (Crete, v B.C.); v. infr. 11.<br><span class="bld">II</span> c. acc., [[conquer]], [[vanquish]], Ἕκτορα Il.7.192, etc.: freq. c. dat. modi, μάχῃ ν. Ἀχαιούς 16.79; ἀγορῇ ν. υἷας Ἀχαιῶν 2.370; πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα 20.410; κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν 9.130; [[πάντα ν. ἄνδρα… κακοῖσιν]] [[surpass]] him in miseries, E.''Hec.''659; ν. τινὰ ἔν τινι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 213e, etc.; [[μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον]] [[excels]] the whole account, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1224 (lyr.); νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν ''Ep.Rom.''12.21: c. acc. cogn., μάχην ν. τινά Isoc. 8.58, Aeschin.3.181, etc.:—Pass., ἔστιν ἃ τῶν ἄθλων δὶς ἕκαστος ἐνικήθη X.''HG''4.5.2: c. part., ν. ἀλεξόμενός τινα Id.''An.''1.9.11, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> as law-term (cf. 1.5), νίκης τήν μιν ἐγὼ νίκησα Od.11.545:—Pass., ἧ δέ κα νικαθῇ ''Leg.Gort.''1.23, al.; also of objects in dispute, damages, etc., [[recover]], ib.1.28, al.:—Pass., to [[be assigned]], [[be adjudicated]], ib.1.55.<br><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[overpower]], especially of passions, etc., νόον νίκησε νεοίη Il.23.604; μὴ φόβος σὲ νικάτω φρένας A.''Eu.''88, cf. 133; [φύσις] νικᾷ τῷ ἥσσονι τὸ μεῖζον τῆς ἐλπίδος Democr.176; βαρεῖαν ἡδονὴν νικᾶτέ με grievous is the pleasure ye [[win prevailing over]] me, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1204: c. inf., μηδ' ἡ βία σε… νικησάτω τοσόνδε [[μισεῖν]] let not [[violence]] [[prevail]] on thee to... Id.''Aj.''1334: with [[genitive]] of comparison, νικᾷ γὰρ [[ἁρετή]] με τῆς ἔχθρας [[πολύ]] = [[weighs]] with me [[more]] [[than]] [[enmity]], from the compar. force in [[νικᾷ]], ib.1357 codd.<br><span class="bld">3</span> Pass., to [[be vanquished]], Hom. only in part. [[νικηθείς]] (v. supr. 1.1); [[νικᾶσθαι]] ὕπνῳ, [[κέρδεσιν]], A.''Ag.''291, 342; ἡδονῇ S.''El.''1272; συμφορᾷ E.''Med.''1195; also ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ Th.2.51; πρὸς ἱμέρου [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''932.4, etc.: sometimes c. gen., ἱμέρου νικώμενος A.''Supp.''1005; αὐτῆς τῆς δίκης… αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ἀληθοῦς νικᾶσθαι Antipho 5.87: freq. of persons, νικᾶσθαί τινος, with [[genitive]] of comparison, to [[be inferior]], [[yield to]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1353, E.''Med.''315, ''Cyc.''454; ξείνων νενίκανται θύραι = the doors [[give way]] to the guests, Pi.''N.''9.2; ἢν τοῦτο νικηθῇς ἐμοῦ Ar.''Nu.''1087.