πικρός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[[πικρά]], [[πικρόν]], ''poet.'' also [[πικρός]], πικρόν Od.4.406:—prop.<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[pointed]], [[sharp]], [[keen]], [[ὀϊστός]] Il.4.118, al.; βέλεμνα 22.206; γλωχίς S.''Tr.''681: metaph., γλώσσης πικροῖς κέντροισι E.''HF''1288.<br><span class="bld">II</span> generally, [[sharp]] to the sense:<br><span class="bld">1</span> of taste, [[pungent]], ῥίζα Il.11.846; [[ἅλμη]] Od.5.323; [[δάκρυον]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[πυκνόν]]) 4.153; of salt water, opp. [[γλυκύς]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.52, cf. 7.35; ἁλμυρὸς καὶ πικρός [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''705a; [[πριγλία πικρά]] ''PCair.Zen.''82.8 (iii B.C.); ἀπ' ὄμφακος πικρᾶς A.''Ag.''970; [[ὑγρότης]] [[πικρά]], opp. [[ὀξεῖα]], Meno ''Iatr.''5.13; also of smell, [[pungent]], Od.4.406; πικρὸν ὀδωδώς Alciphr. 3.59. (This sense prevails in the derived and compd. words.)<br><span class="bld">2</span> of feeling, [[sharp]], [[keen]], ὠδῖνες Il.11.271, S.''Tr.''41.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of sound, [[piercing]], [[shrill]], οἰμωγά Id.''Ph.''189 (lyr.); φθόγγος Id.''OC''1610; [[γόοι]], [[ὄδυρμα]], E.''Ph.''883, ''Tr.''1227 (lyr.); πικροτάτη ὄψ Ar.''Pax''805 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> metaph.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> of things, [[bitter]], especially of what yields pain instead of expected pleasure, freq. in [[threat]]s, μὴ τάχα πικρὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ Κύπρον ἵκηαι ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἴδηαι]]) Od.17.448, cf. [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''1045, ''Th.''883 (lyr.), E.''Med.''399, ''IA''955, ''Ba.''357, ''Cyc.''589; π. Σίγειον κατηγόμην S.''Ph.''355; τὸ πὰρ δίκαν γλυκὺ πικροτάτα μένει τελευτά Pi.''I.''7(6).48, cf. A.''Ag.''745 (lyr.); [[τιμωρία]], [[ἀγῶνες]], Id.''Pers.''473, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1239; [[δύαι]], [[χεῖμα]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]'' 180 (lyr.), ''Ag.''198 (lyr.); πικρότερ' ἀχέων Id.''Supp.'' 875 (lyr.); λόγοι E.''Hel.''481; πικροτάτου χρυσοῦ φύλαξ Id.''Hec.''772; τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον γλυκὺ πικρῷ μεμειγμένον Pl.''Phlb.''46c; ἔχει τι τὸ π. τῆς γεωργίας γλυκύ Men.795: c. inf., μὴ λίαν πικρὸν εἰπεῖν ᾖ D.1.26.<br><span class="bld">2</span> so of persons, prob. in Sapph.''Supp.''4.1 (Comp.); γλυκὺν ὧδε φίλοις ἐχθροῖσι δὲ π. Sol.13.5, cf. Thgn.301, A.''Ch.''234, ''Eu.''152 (lyr.), etc.; ἔς τινας [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.123: abs., [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''739, ''Th''940(lyr.); πικρός θεοῖς = [[hateful]] to the gods, S.''Ph.''254; πικρός πολίταις E.''Med.''224, cf. ''Supp.''1222; [[ἐμοὶ πικρὸς τέθνηκεν ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς]] = his [[death]] is [[matter]] of [[sorrow]] to me, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''966; [[δαίμων πικράς]], of [[untimely]] [[death]] (Lat. [[acerbus]]), IG3.1338.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[embittered]], [[angry]], πικρὰ ὄρνις S.''Ant.''423.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[relentless]], οὐδὲν πικρότερον τῆς ἀνάγκης Antipho 2.2.4; [[spiteful]], [[mean]], [[vindictive]], βάσκανον καὶ πικρὸν καὶ κακόηθες οὐδέν ἐστι πολίτευμα ἐμόν D.18.108; πικρός καὶ συκοφάντης Id.25.45, cf. Arist.''Rh.''1368b21, ''EN''1126a19: in Com. of [[old]] [[men]], [[σκυθρός]], [[πικρός]], [[φειδωλός]] Men.10, cf. 825, 843, ''Georg.Fr.''3. Adv. [[πικρῶς]] = [[pedantically]], D.H.''Lys.''6; [[with rigid accuracy]], Apollon.Cit.3, Plu.2.659f.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> Adv. [[πικρῶς]] = [[harshly]], [[bitterly]], [[vindictively]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''197, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''990; πικρῶς ἐξετάσαι D.2.27, 18.265; πικρῶς ἔχειν τισί, πρός τινας, Id.10.54, ''Ep.''3.10; [[πικρῶς]] [[φέρειν]] τι [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]''610, cf. ''Andr.''190; [[ἔκλαυσε πικρῶς]] = he cried bitterly, he cried with bitter tears ''Ev.Matt.''26.75: Comp. [[πικρότερον]] Men.''Mon.''659, etc.: Sup. [[πικρότατα]] Plb.1.72.3. [ῑ in Hom. and Ep.; ῐ freq. in Trag., as [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''473, ''Ag.''970, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''500, E. ''Hec.''772, and in Theoc.8.74: ι therefore is not long by nature as in [[μικρός]].]