βαίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> (inf. βαίμεναι [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]), fut. βήσομαι Il.2.339, etc., Dor. βᾱσεῦμαι Theoc.2.8, etc.: pf. βέβηκα Il.15.90, etc., Dor. βέβᾱκα Pi.''I.''4(3).41, etc., with shortened forms βεβάᾱσι Il.2.134, contr. βεβᾶσι [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]'' 1002 (lyr.), ''Eu.''76, etc.; subj. [[βεβῶσι]] ([[ἐμβαίνω]]) [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''252e; inf. βεβάμεν Il.17.359, βεβάναι E.''Heracl.''610 (lyr.); part. βεβαώς, βεαυῖα Il.14.477, Hom.''Epigr.''15.10, contr. [[βεβώς]]: plpf. ἐβεβήκειν Il.11.296, etc., Ep. [[βεβήκειν]] 6.495; sync. 3pl. βέβᾰσαν 17.286, etc.: aor. 2 ἔβην Il. 17.112, etc., Dor. ἔβᾱν Pi.''O.''13.97, etc.; Ep. 3sg. βῆ Il.13.297, Ep. 3dual <b class="b3">βάτην</b> [ᾰ] 1.327, 3pl. ἔβαν [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''18 (lyr.), (κατ-) S.''Tr.''504 (lyr.), Ep. [[βάν]] Il.20.32; imper. [[βῆθι]], Dor. [[βᾶθι]] S.''Ph.''1196 (lyr.); βᾱ in compds. [[ἔμβα]], [[κατάβα]], etc., 2pl. βᾶτε A.''Supp.''191, ''Eu.''1033 (lyr.); subj. [[βῶ]], Ep. 3sg. [[βήῃ]] ([[ὑπερβαίνω]]) Il.9.501, βήω 6.113, ἐμβέῃ ''GDI''5075.4 (Cret.), Dor. [[βᾶμες]] (for [[βῶμεν]]) Theoc.15.22; opt. [[βαίην]]; inf. [[βῆναι]] (Att. Prose only in compds.), Ep. [[βήμεναι]] Od.19.296, Dor. [[βᾶμεν]] Pi.''P.''4.39; part. <b class="b3">βάς βᾶσα βάν</b>, Dor. pl. ἐκβῶντας Th.5.77:—Med., Ep.aor.1 [[ἐβήσετο]] ([[ἀποβαίνω]]) Il.1.428:—Pass., pres. (v. infr.A.11.1): in compds., aor. ἀνεβάθην, παρεβάθην, ξυνεβάθην, X.''Eq.''3.4, Th.3.67, 4.30; later παρεβάνθην D.C.48.2,al.; <b class="b3">ἀναβέβαμαι, παραβέβαμαι, ξυμβέβαμαι</b>, X.''Eq.Mag.''1.4, Th.1.123, 8.98; παραβέβασμαι D.17.12: fut. παρα-βαθήσομαι Sch.E. ''Hec.''802.—For the Act. fut. and aor. 1, v. infr. B; for pres. part. [[βιβάς]], v. [[βίβημι]].—In correct Att. Prose the pres. [[βαίνω]] is almost the only tense in use; but in compds. Prose writers used all tenses freely.<br><span class="bld">A</span> in the above tenses,<br><span class="bld">I</span> intr., [[walk]], [[step]], prop. of motion [[on foot]], ποσὶ βήσετο Il.5.745, etc.; but also of all motion [[on ground]], the [[direction]] being commonly determined by a Prep.:—the kind of motion is often marked by a part., <b class="b3">βῆ φεύγων, βῆ ἀΐξασα</b>, Il.2.665, 4.74: c. part. fut., denoting [[purpose]], <b class="b3">βῆ ῥ' Ἶσον… ἐξεναρίξων</b> he went to [[slay]], Il.11.101: with neut. Adj. as adverb, σαῦλα ποσὶν β. ''h.Merc.''28; ἁβρὸν β. παλλεύκῳ ποδί E.''Med.''1164, cf. 830 (lyr.); [[ἴσα]] or <b class="b3">ὁμοίως β. τινί</b>, D.19.314, X.''Eq.''1.3; ἐν ποικίλοις β. A.''Ag.''936, cf. 924; [[march]] or [[dance]], <b class="b3">μετὰ ῥυθμοῦ, ἐν ῥυθμῷ</b>, Th.5.70, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''670b: freq. c. inf. in Hom., <b class="b3">βῆ δ' ἰέναι</b> [[set out]] to [[go]], [[went]] his [[way]], Il.4.199, etc.; βῆ δ' ἴμεν 5.167, etc.; <b class="b3">βῆ δὲ θέειν</b> [[started]] to run, 2.183, etc.; βῆ δ' ἐλάαν 13.27: c. acc. loci, νέας Od.3.162, cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''153 (lyr.), ''OC''378; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ νηὸς ἔβαινεν</b> was [[go]]ing on [[board]] [[ship]], Od.11.534; but ἐν δὲ ἑκάστῃ [νηῒ]… ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι βαῖνον were [[on board]], Il.2.510; <b class="b3">ἐφ' ἵππων βάντες</b> having [[mount]]ed the [[chariot]], 18.532; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ πώλου βεβῶσα</b> [[mounted]] on... [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''313; ἐς δίφρον Il.5.364; ἐς ἅρματα E.''El.''320; <b class="b3">βαίνειν δι' αἵματος</b> [[wade]] in [[blood]], Id.''Ph.'' 20.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in pf., [[stand]] or [[be]] in a place, χῶρος ἐν ᾧ βεβήκαμεν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''52; <b class="b3">βεβηκὼς σφόδρα</b> [[firmly]] [[poise]]d (opp. [[κρεμάμενος]]) Pl.''Ti.''62c; <b class="b3">β. μάχη</b> [[steady]] fight, Plu.''Phil.''9: freq. almost, = [[εἰμί]] ([[sum]]), [[εὖ βεβηκώς]] = [[on a good footing]], [[well established]], [[prosperous]], [θεοὶ] εὖ βεβηκότας ὑπτίους κλίνουσ' Archil.56.3; τυραννίδα εὖ βεβηκυῖαν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.164, cf. S.''El.''979; <b class="b3">εὖ βίου βεβηκότα</b> prob. for ἐν βίῳ βεβιωκότα Nicom. Com.2; ἀσφαλέως βεβηκὼς ποσσί Archil.58.4; ἐπισφαλῶς βεβ. [[LXX]] ''Wi.''4.4; ἄγαλμα βεβηκὸς ἄνω τὰ κάτω δὲ κεχηνός Eub.107.23; <b class="b3">οἱ ἐν τέλει ἐόντες, βεβῶτες</b>, they who [[are]] in [[office]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.106, S.''Ant.''67; <b class="b3">τοῦτον οὐχ ὁρῇς ὅκως βέβη-[κεν] ἀνδριάντα</b>; Herod.4.36; [λίθους] ἐν ταῖς ἰδίαις χώραις βεβηκότας ''IG''7.3073.163 (Lebad.); ἐν κακοῖς βεβ. S.''El.''1057; <b class="b3">μοίρᾳ οὐκ ἐν ἐσθλᾷ β.</b> ib.1095 (lyr.); <b class="b3">βοῦς, κλεὶς ἐπὶ γλώσσῃ βέβηκεν</b>, v. [[βοῦς]] IV, [[κλείς]] 4; φρόνει βεβὼς ἐπὶ ξυροῦ τύχης S.''Ant.''996.<br><span class="bld">b</span> Geom. of figures, [[stand]] on a base, ἐπί τινος Arist.''IA''709a24, cf. Apollon.Perg.''Con.''3.3; πυραμὶς ἐπὶ τετραγώνου βεβηκυῖα Hero ''*Stereom''.1.31; of an [[angle]], [[stand]] on an [[arc]], <b class="b3">ἐπί τινος, πρός τινι</b>, Euc.3''Def.''9, cf. 16.26.<br><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">βεβηκὼς ῥυθμός</b> [[stately]] [[rhythm]], Syrian.''in Hermog.''1p.69R.; [[ἀνάπαυσις]] ib.p.18 R.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[go away]], [[depart]], ἐν νηυσὶ φίλην ἐς πατρίδ' Il.12.16; <b class="b3">ἔβαν ἄγοντες, ἔβαν φέρουσαι</b>, [[have gone]] and taken away, 1.391, 2.302; ἄφαρ βέβακεν S.''Tr.'' 134; θανάσιμος βέβηκεν Id.''OT''959, cf. 832; βεβᾶσι φροῦδοι E.''IT''1289; [[βέβηκα]] euphemism for [[τέθνηκα]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''1002 (lyr.); of things, <b class="b3">ἐννέα ἐνιαυτοὶ βεβάασι</b> [[nine]] [[year]]s [[have]] [[come]] and [[gone]], Il.2.134; <b class="b3">πῇ ὅρκια βήσεται</b>; ib.339, cf. 8.229.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[come]], τίπτε βέβηκας; 15.90; [[arrive]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''81, ''Aj.''921.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[go on]], [[advance]], <b class="b3">ἐς τόδε τόλμης, ἐς τοσοῦτον ἐλπίδων</b>, Id.''OT''125,772; ἐπ' ἔσχατα Id.''OC''217 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">6</span> c. part. as [[periphrasis]] for fut., βαίνω καταγγέλλων ''PMag.Par.''1.2474.<br><span class="bld">II</span> c. acc., [[mount]], Hom. only in aor. Med. βήσασθαι δίφρον Il.3.262, Od.3.481: in Act. (fut. part. Med. βησόμενος Them.''Or.''21.248b), of the male, [[mount]], [[cover]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''250e, Achae.28, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''575a13, etc.:—in Pass., <b class="b3">ἵπποι βαινόμεναι</b> [[brood]] [[mare]]s, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.192.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. cogn., β. Δωρίαν κέλευθον ὕμνων Pi.''Fr.''191; Καλλαβίδας Eup.163; <b class="b3">ἔβα ῥόον</b> went [[down]] [[stream]], i.e. [[die]]d, Theoc.1.140.<br><span class="bld">b</span> metaph. of metre, [[scan]], [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|D.H.]]''[[De Compositione Verborum|Comp.]]''21 (Pass.), Aristid. Quint.1.23,24, etc.; βαίνεται τὸ [[ἔπος]] = is [[scan]]ned, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''1093a30.<br><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">χρέος ἔβα με</b> [[debt]]s came on me, Ar.''Nu.''30; ὀδύνα μ' ὀδύνα βαίνει E.''Hipp.''1371 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">4</span> Poet. with acc. of the instrument of motion, βαίνειν πόδα E.''El.''94, 1173 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[βαίνειν]]· [[φιλεῖν]], [[κολακεύειν]], [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]<br><span class="bld">B</span> Causal, in fut. βήσω, (ἐπι-) Il.8.197, (εἰσ-) E.''IT''742: aor. 1 ἔβησα—[[make to go]], <b class="b3">φῶτας βῆσεν ἀφ' ἵππων</b> he made them [[dismount]], Il.16.810; <b class="b3">ἀμφοτέρους ἐξ ἵππων βῆσε κακῶς</b> he [[brought]] them [[down]] from the chariot in sorry plight, 5.164; ὄφρα βάσομεν ὄκχον Pi.''O.'' 6.24.—Rare in Trag. (exc. in compds.), E.''Med.''209 (lyr.).—The simple Verb is uncommon in later Gr. (For [βάμ-yω, cf. Lat. [[venio]], Skt. gamyáte; [[βάσκω]] corresponds to Skt. gácchati (gu̯ṃ-sk-); root gu̯em- in OHG. quëman 'come'; [[ἔβην]], [[βήσομαι]] fr. root gu̯ā-, Skt. jigāti, aor. ágāt.)