φαίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Od.7.102, etc., Ep. also [[φαείνω]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]):—fut. φᾰνῶ, A.''Fr.'' 304.5, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''827, etc. (φᾱνῶ acc. to A.D.''Adv.''187.26, but φᾱνῶ, Ar. ''Eq.''300, and ἀναφᾱνῶ, E.''Ba.''528, are dub.); Ion. [[φανέω]] ([[ἀποφανέω]]) Hp.''Steril.'' 213, opt.<br><span class="bld">A</span> φᾰνοίην [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''313 (cod. rec., rightly): aor. 1 ἔφηνα Il.2.318, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.95, etc.; Dor. ἔφᾱνα Pi.''I.''4(3).2, ''IG''42(1).123.28 (Epid., iv B.C.), also later Att., subj., <b class="b3">ἀπο-φάνῃ</b> dub. l. in ''IG''22.1631.379 ( = 2.811c133); φάνῃς Philem.233 (ἐκ-φάνῃς Men.''Mon.''418 = Chares Iamb.4b20); so in late Prose, (ἐξ-) Ael.''VH''12.33, (ἐπι-) ''Ev.Luc.''1.79, (ἀνα-) ''Act.Ap.'' 21.3; Ep. iter. [[φάνεσκε]] (intr.) Il.11.64, al., Hes.''Fr.''14.3: pf. πέφαγκα Ps.-Callisth.2.10, (ἀπο-) Din.1.15, al.: intr. pf. [[πέφηνα]] (v. infr.A 111.2), Dor.3pl. ἐκπεφάναντι Sophr.83; plpf. ἐπεφήνειν D.C.46.10:—Med., fut. inf. φᾰνεῖσθαι Od.12.230, Ion. φᾰνέομαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.35; opt. φανοῖσθε Lys.26.10 ([[nisi legendum|nisi leg.]] [[φανεῖσθε]]); the forms [[φανῆσθον]] and Dor. imper. [[φάνευ]] are corrupt in Pl.''Erx.''399e, Teles p.58 H. (leg. [[φαίνευ]]): aor. 1 [[ἐφηνάμην]] (trans.) S.''Ph.''944, (ἀπ-) [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.52, etc.:—Pass., Ion. impf. φαινέσκετο Od.13.194: fut. φᾰνήσομαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.108, Sicilian Dor. (inf.) φᾰνήσειν (fort. <b class="b3">φανησεῖν</b>) Archim.A ren.4.20; Ep. fut. πεφήσεται Il.17.155: aor. 1 ἐφάνθην [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''263 (lyr.), [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''525, etc.:rare in Prose, X.''HG''6.4.11, D.58.13, (ἀπο-) ''IG''12.10.35, D.19.44; Ep. 3sg. φαάνθη Il.17.650, 3pl. φάανθεν 1.200: aor. 2 ἐφάνην [ᾰ], Ep. [[φάνην]] Il.1.477, etc.; Ep. 3pl. φάνεν Od.18.68; Ep. subj. φανήῃ Il.19.375; Ep. inf. φανήμεναι 9.240: pf. πέφασμαι [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1543, 3sg. πέφανται Il.2.122, 16.207, Pi.''P.''5.115, A.''Ag.''374(lyr.); πέφᾰται in B.9.52, Perict. ap. Stob. 4.28.19 belongs either to [[φαίνω]] in sense A. 1.5, or to [[φημί]]; inf. [[πεφάνθαι]] Pl.''Euthd.''294a, etc.; part. πεφασμένος Il.14.127, Thgn.227, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]'' 843, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1122, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''245e, etc.; 3pl. plpf. ἐπέφαντο Hes.''Sc.'' 166.<br><span class="bld">A</span> Act., [[bring to light]], [[cause to appear]], in physical sense, <b class="b3">τέρας τινὶ φ.</b> [[make]] a [[sign]] [[appear]] to one, Il.2.324, cf. Od.3.173, etc.; [[σήμα]]τα [[φαίνων]] Il.2.353; γένυσι φ. ὀπώραν Pi.''N.''5.6; δύο μορφὰς φ. A.''Fr.''304.5; τὸν αὐχένα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.132; <b class="b3">ἔφην' ἄφαντον φῶς</b>, i.e. fire, S.''Ph.''297; λαμπάδας Ar.''Ra.''1524 (anap.); φ. θησαυρόν E.''El.''565; <b class="b3">φ. μηρούς, ἐπιγουνίδα</b>, [[show by baring]], i.e. [[uncover]]... Od.18.67,74; φαίνοισα πρόσωπον [[ἀλάθεια]] Pi.''N.''5.17; [[reflect]] an [[image]] in [[water]], τὰ δέ νιν καλὰ κύματα φαίνει Theoc.6.11:—Med., <b class="b3">τὰ τόξα . . τοῖσιν Ἀργείοισι φήνασθαι θέλει</b> [[exhibit]] them [[as his own]], S.''Ph.''944.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[make known]], [[reveal]], [[disclose]], ἐς τὸ φῶς φανεῖ κακά Id.''OT''1229; κακῶν ἔκλυσιν E.''IT''898 (lyr., prob.); τὸν μιαρὸν τῷ χρόνῳ ἀποδόντες φῆναι Antipho 4.4.11; ὁδόν τινι Od.12.334; τὰ ὀνείρατα καὶ τὸν πόρον X.''An.''4.3.13, cf. ''Cyr.''6.4.13, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''725; τοῖς πολεμίοις σύνθημα Din.3.10, etc.; <b class="b3">φανεῖ . . κωκύματα</b> [[wailing]]s will [[show forth]] [the truth of what I say], S.''Ant.''1078: with a predic. added, <b class="b3">ἡμᾶς σὺ δειλοὺς φανεῖς</b> wilt [[make]] us [[appear]]... Id.''Aj.'' 1362; τὸν Ααΐου φόνον φανεῖ [[δικαίως]] ὀρθόν Id.''OT''853.<br><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">γόνον Ἑλένῃ φ.</b> [[show]] her a [[child]], i.e. [[grant]] her to [[bear]] one, Od.4.12; <b class="b3">φ. παράκοιτίν τινι</b> [[show]] (i.e. [[give]]) one a [[wife]], 15.26.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of [[sound]], [[make]] it [[clear]] to the [[ear]], [[make]] it [[ring]] [[clear]], ἀοιδὴν [[φαίνειν]] 8.499; [[σάλπιγξ]] . . ὑπέρτονον γήρυμα φαινέτω στρατῷ A.''Eu.''569.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[show forth]], [[display]] in action, ἀρετήν Od.8.237; ἀεικείας 20.309; βίην Hes.''Th.''689; [[εὐμαχανία]]ν Pi.''I.''4(3).2; εὔνοιαν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.36; [[ὕβρις|ὕβριν]] ib.127; ὀργάς A.''Ch.'' 326 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[set forth]], [[expound]], νοήματα Il.18.295; λόγον [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.116; τριφασίας λόγων ὁδούς Id.1.95; but <b class="b3">τὰ λαμπρὰ . . φ. ἔπη</b> [[make]] them [[good]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''721.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[inform against]] one, [[denounce]], <b class="b3">φανῶ σε</b> (<b class="b3">σε φανῶ</b> codd.) τοῖς πρυτάνεσι [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''300 (lyr.), cf. ''Ach.''824, S.''Ant.''325: [[denounce]] a thing as [[contraband]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''542, 819, al.; φαίνειν πλοῖον D.58.9; [[τὰ φανθέντα]] = [[article]]s [[denounce]]d as [[contraband]], ib. 13: abs., [[give information]], ὁ [[φήνας]] ἢ ὁ γραψάμενος ''IG''12.45.3, cf. 4.24, Isoc.18.20, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.2.14, Phld.''Rh.''2.207 S., etc.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">φαίνειν φρουράν</b>, [[call up]] a [[levy]], at [[Sparta]], X.''HG''3.2.23, al.; also <b class="b3">φ. θυσίαν</b> [[proclaim]], [[order]] a [[sacrifice]], Philod.Scarph.112:—Pass., <b class="b3">πέφαται θνατοῖσι νίκας ὕστερον εὐφροσύνα</b> has been [[ordained]], B.9.52.<br><span class="bld">II</span> abs., [[give light]], [[shine]], φαίνοντες νύκτας . . δαιτυμόνεσσι Od.7.102, cf. 19.25; of the sun, moon, etc., φ. τινί Ar.''Nu.''586 (troch.); εἰς ἅπαντα φ. τὸν οὐρανόν Pl.''Ti.''39b; ἀλλά, σελάνα, φαῖνε καλόν Theoc.2.11; οἱ λύχνοι φ. ἧττον Thphr.''Ign.''11; cf. [[φάω]]: so <b class="b3">ἦρι μὲν φαίνοντι</b> in [[spring]] when it [[shine forth|shines forth]], A.''Fr.''304.4 codd. (leg. [[φανέντι]]); of the [[Dioscuri]] [[shining]] in [[mid-air]], E.''El.''1234 (anap.): metaph., <b class="b3">ἀγανὴ φαίνουσ' ἐλπίς</b> [[soft]] [[shining]] [[hope]], A.''Ag.''101 (anap., dub.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[Φαίνων]], οντος, ὁ, the [[planet]] [[Saturn]], Arist.''Mu.''392a23, Cic.''ND''2.20.52, etc.; Φαίνων ὁ τοῦ Ἡλίου Eudox.''Ars''5.19; acc. -ωνα ''[[Placita Philosophorum|Placit.]]''2.15.4.<br><span class="bld">III</span> Ep. iter. [[φάνεσκε]] [[appear]]ed, μετὰ πρώτοισι φάνεσκε Il.11.64; ὑπένερθε δὲ γαῖα φάνεσκε Od. 12.242, cf. 11.587, Hes.''Fr.''14.3.<br><span class="bld">2</span> pf. 2 [[πέφηνα]] is also used intr., [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''328, etc.; less freq. in Prose, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.120, D.3.22, Plb.9.13.8.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Pass., [[come to light]], [[appear]], <b class="b3">φάνεν δέ οἱ εὐρέες ὦμοι</b>, being stripped bare, Od.18.68, cf. Il.22.324, Od.19.39: freq. of [[fire]], [[shine brightly]], πυρὰ φαίνετο Ἰλιόθι πρό Il.8.561; ἕκαθεν δέ τε φαίνεται [[αὐγή]] 2.456; δεινὼ δέ οἱ ὄσσε φάανθεν shone [[like]] [[fire]], Il.1.200: freq. of the [[rising]] of [[heavenly]] bodies, ἄστρα φαεινὴν ἀμφὶ σελήνην φαίνετ' [[ἀριπρεπής|ἀριπρεπέα]] 8.556, cf. Hes.''Op.''598; of the [[first]] [[gleam]] of [[daybreak]], [[ἦμος]] δ' ἠριγένεια φάνη [[ῥοδοδάκτυλος]] Ἠώς Il.1.477, Od.2.1, al.; <b class="b3">ἅμ' ἠοῖ φαινομένηφι</b> at [[break]] of [[day]], Il.9.618, cf. Od.4.407, al.; ἀκτὶς ἀελίου, τὸκάλλιστον . . φανὲν . . τῶν προτέρων φάος, ἐφάνθης ποτ' S.''Ant.''100(lyr.): of a [[rising]] wind, οὐδέ ποτ' οὖροι πνείοντες φαίνονθ' ἁλιαέες Od.4.361; of a [[vapour]], ἐκ νεφέων [[ἐρεβεννός|ἐρεβεννὴ]] φ. [[ἀήρ]] Il.5.864.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of persons, <b class="b3">οἴῳ φαινομένη</b> [[appearing]] to him alone, Il.1.198, cf. Od.15.517, etc.; ἐφάνη λὶς εἰς ὁδόν Il.15.275; <b class="b3">οὗπερ κἀφάνης</b> where thou didst [[first]] [[appear]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''77; χρόνιος φανείς Id.''Ph.''1446 (anap.); <b class="b3">ὁδόν φανῆναι</b> a [[pregnant]] [[expression]] for <b class="b3">ἐλθεῖν ὁδὸν ὥστε φανῆναι</b>, Id.''El.''1274 (lyr.); κέλευθον [[φανείς]] ''Aj.''878 (lyr.); <b class="b3">πόθεν φαίνῃ;</b> [[whence come you]]? Pl.''Prt.''309a, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.8.1; <b class="b3">οὐδαμοῦ φαίνῃ</b> [[is nowhere to be seen]], Id.''An.''1.10.16.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[come into being]], <b class="b3">φανεὶς δύστηνος</b> [[born]] to [[misery]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''974, cf. 1225 (lyr.); [[become]], ἐκ βασιλέως ἰδιώτην φανῆναι X.''An.''7.7.28; δυοῖν ἐφάνη τριήραρχος D.18.104; to [[be made out]], δοῦλος λόγοισιν . . φανείς [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1020, cf. 1241.<br><span class="bld">3</span> of events, [[come about]], τέλος οὔ πώ τι πέφανται Il.2.122; φάνη βιότοιο τελευτή 7.104; [[ἔργον]], [[ἄεθλον]], etc., 16.207, Od.21.106, etc.; τὸ [[φανθέν]] S.''Tr.''743; of sayings, to [[be set forth]], <b class="b3">λόγος ἀρχαῖος φανείς</b> ib.''1'', cf. ''OT''474 (lyr.), 848.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[appear to be]] so and so, c. inf., δμῳάων ἥ τίς τοι ἀρίστη φαίνεται εἶναι Od.15.25, cf. 11.336; οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι 14.355; τοῦτό μοι θειότατον φαίνεται γενέσθαι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.137; εὖ σὺ λέγειν φαίνει Ar.''Nu.''403 (anap.), cf. [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''319, etc.: freq. with inf. omitted, οὗ καὶ πρόσθεν ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή Il.9.94, cf. 2.5; ὅς τις φαίνηται [[ἄριστος]] Od.14.106; [[σμερδαλέος]] αὐτῇσι φάνη 6.137; ἕρμαιον ἂν ἐφάνη Pl.''R.''368d, etc.: but in [[Herodotus|Hdt.]], etc., also c. part., to [[be manifest]]: thus, <b class="b3">ἐμοὶ σὺ πλουτέειν μέγα φαίνεαι</b> you [[appear]] to me to be [[very]] [[rich]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.32; but <b class="b3">εὔνοος ἐφαίνετο ἐών</b> he was [[manifestly]] [[well-inclined]], Id.7.173, cf. 175, Th.1.2; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἄκαιρα φαίνεται λέγειν</b> he [[appear]]s to be [[speaking]]... [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''1036; but <b class="b3">φανέονται λέγοντες οὐδέν</b> it [[will]] be [[manifest]] that they [[talk]] [[nonsense]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.35; φαίνομαι δύο καθορᾶν εἴδη Pl.''Sph.''235d; but οὐκ ἂν φανεῖμεν πήματ' ἔρξαντες [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''786; [[πλαγκτός|πλαγκτὸς]] οὖσ' ἐφαινόμην Id.''Ag.''593, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.89, [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Andromache|Andr.]]''343; ἐφάνησαν πεπονθότες Pl.''Ap.''22c: with part. omitted, <b class="b3">πέφανται ἁρματηλάτας σοφός</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ὤν]]) Pi.''P.''5.115, cf. ''N.''6.14; κρατηθεὶς ἡμερώτερος φανεῖ A.''Ag.''1632; <b class="b3">Κᾶρες ἐφάνησαν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' ὄντες) they were [[see]]n to be [[Carians]], Th.1.8; [[τί φαίνομαι]] (''[[sc.]]'' ὤν) <b class="b3"> δῆτ';</b> what do I [[look]] [[like]]? E.''Ba.''925; ὡς ἀγαθοὶ . . ἐφάνησαν Pl.''R.''408a: hence [[φαίνεσθαι]],opp. [[εἶναι]], εἶναι μὲν ὅσπερ εἰμί, φαίνεσθαι δὲ μή E.''Fr.''698 (ap.[[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''441); [[στρατηγός|στρατηγὸς]] [[ἀγαθός|ἀγαθὸς]] μὴ ὢν φαίνεσθαι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.7.3; ὀλίγοι καὶ ὄντες καὶ φαινόμενοι Id.''HG''6.5.28.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Philosophy, [[φαίνομαι]] (abs.) is sometimes used of what [[appear]]s to the senses, φαίνεται δ' οὐδὲν is [[observe]]d, Arist. ''Ph.''204b35, cf. ''Cael.''312b30; φ. κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν Id.''GA''716a31: sometimes of what [[is]] [[mentally]] [[manifest]], Id.''EN''1175a29; to [[be evident]], Id.''APr.''24b24: esp. [[appear]] to the [[imagination]] (cf. [[φαντασία]] 2), Pl.''Sph.'' 264b; φ. καὶ μύουσιν ὁράματα Arist.''de An.''428a16; <b class="b3">φ. δέ τι . . οἷον τὰ ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις</b> ib.a7: distinguished from [[αἰσθάνεσθαι]] and [[δοξάζειν]], ib.b1: especially in part. [[φαινόμενος]], [[φαινομένη]], [[φαινόμενον]]:<br><span class="bld">a</span> [[appearing]] in [[sense]] [[experience]], τὰ [[φαινόμενα]] κατὰ τὴν αἴσθησιν Id.''Cael.''303a22, al.; εἴτε τὰ δοκοῦντα πάντα ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ καὶ τὰ φαινόμενα Id.''Metaph.''1009a8, cf. ''de An.''404a29 (sg.); τὰ [[φαινόμενα]] = [[sense-data]], Id.''PA''639b8, Epicur.''Ep.''1pp.9,10 U., al.: Astron., τὰ [[φαινόμενα]] = [[celestial]] [[phenomena]], title of a [[work]] by [[Eudoxus]], versified by [[Aratus]], Hipparch. 1.1.8, cf. Arist. ''Cael.''293b27; <b class="b3">πρός τινας δόξας αὑτῶν τὰ [[φαινόμενα]] προσέλκοντες</b> ib.293a26: generally, τὸ μὴ ἐκ φαινομένων τὸ βλεπόμενον γεγονέναι ''Ep.Heb.''11.3.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[mentally]] [[apparent]], opp. <b class="b3">ὄντα τῇ ἀληθείᾳ</b>, Pl.''R.''596e, cf. Arist.''Top.''100b24, ''EN''1113a24; τὰ οὖν ἐμοὶ φαινόμενα οὕτω φαίνεται Pl.''R.''517b; [νοῦς] τῶν φ. θειότατον [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Metaphysics|Metaph.]]''1074b16; [[τὸ φαινόμενον εἰπεῖν]] = to [[express]] one's [[opinion]], Plu.2.158c: hence, [[specious]], [[fallacious]], φαινόμενα [[ἐνθύμημα|ἐνθυμήματα]], opp. [[ὄντα]], Arist.''Rh.''1402a28.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[τὰ φαινόμενα]] = [[what is to be seen]], [[show]], Lib.''Or.''30.28.<br><span class="bld">3</span> freq. in answers in [[Plato]]'s [[dialogue]], [[φαίνεται]], [[yes]], Prt.332e, ''R.''333c, al.; ὥς γέ μοι φ. ''Prt.''324d, cf. ''R.''383a, al.: <b class="b3">[τοῦτο] φῂς εἶναι;</b> Answ. [[φαίνομαι]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[λέγειν]]) [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.2.20.<br><span class="bld">b</span> later impers. c. dat. pers. et inf., [[it seems good]], <b class="b3">ἐάν σοι φαίνηται</b> Wilcken ''Chr.''304.11 (iii B.C.), cf. ''PCair.Zen.''44.7,16 (iii B.C.), etc.; ὁπότε αὐτῷ φανείη [[στρατιά|στρατιὰν]] [[ἐξάγειν]] D.H.2.14, cf. 4.85.<br><span class="bld">4</span> joined with [[δοκέω]], εἰ δὴ [[κακός]] τε φ. δοκῶ τέ σοι E.''Hipp.''1071; δοκοῖμεν ἂν . . χείρους [[φαίνεσθαι]] Th.1.122, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''269d, ''Erx.''399c, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.1.22.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[οὐδαμοῦ φαίνεσθαι]] 'to [[be nowhere]]', metaph. from [[racing]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 72c, cf. ''Grg.''456b, D.18.310.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[τὰ φανθέντα]], v. supr. A. 1.4.