fallo: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>fallo</b>: fĕfelli, falsum, 3 (archaic<br /><b>I</b> inf. [[praes]]. [[pass]]. fallier, Pers. 3, 50; perf. [[pass]]. fefellitus [[sum]], Petr. Fragm. 61, MSS.), v. a. Sanscr. sphal, sphul, to [[waver]]; Gr. [[σφάλλω]], ἀ-σφαλής, to [[deceive]], [[trick]], [[dupe]], [[cheat]], [[disappoint]] (freq. and [[class]].; syn.: [[decipio]], [[impono]], [[frustror]], [[circumvenio]], [[emungo]], [[fraudo]]).<br /><b>I</b> In gen.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[living]] objects: T. [[Roscius]] non unum rei pecuniariae socium fefellit, [[verum]] [[novem]] homines honestissimos ejusdem muneris, etc. ... induxit, decepit, destituit, omni fraude et [[perfidia]] fefellit, Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 116 sq.; so, aliquem dolis, Ter. And. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. Heaut. 3, 1, 61: senem, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 43: referam gratiam, [[atque]] eas [[itidem]] fallam, ut ab illis fallimur, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 93: tu illum fructu fallas, Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73: id ipsum sui fallendi [[causa]] milites ab hostibus [[factum]] existimabant, Caes. B. G. 7, 50, 2: tum laqueis captare feras et fallere [[visco]] Inventum, Verg. G. 1, 139; cf. Ov. M. 15, 474: is [[enim]] [[sum]], [[nisi]] me [[forte]] [[fallo]], qui, etc., Cic. Phil. 12, 8, 21: num me fefellit, [[Catilina]], non [[modo]] res tanta, [[verum]] [[dies]]? id. Cat. 1, 3, 7: [[nisi]] me fallit [[animus]], id. Rosc. Am. 17, 48; cf.: [[neque]] eum prima [[opinio]] fefellit, Caes. B. C. 3, 67, 3: ne [[spes]] eum fallat, Cic. Fam. 1, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4: si in hominibus eligendis [[spes]] amicitiae nos fefellerit, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 28: in quo cum eum [[opinio]] fefellisset, Nep. Ages. 3, 5: [[nisi]] [[forte]] me [[animus]] fallit, Sall. C. 20, 17: [[nisi]] [[memoria]] me fallit, fails me, Gell. 20, p. 285 Bip.: [[nisi]] me omnia fallunt, Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1; cf.: omnia me fallunt, [[nisi]], etc., Sen. Ep. 95 med.: [[nisi]] [[quid]] me fallit, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 6; cf.: si [[quid]] [[nunc]] me fallit in scribendo, id. ib. 3, 5, 4: dominum [[sterilis]] [[saepe]] fefellit [[ager]], Ov. A. A. 1, 450: [[certe]] [[hercle]] hic se ipsus fallit, non ego, Ter. And. 3, 2, 15: tam [[libenter]] se fallunt, [[quam]] si una fata decipiunt, Sen. Brev. Vit. 11, 1: cum alios falleret, se ipsum [[tamen]] non fefellit, Lact. 1, 22, 5.— Pass. in [[mid]]. [[force]], to [[deceive]] one's [[self]], be deceived, to [[err]], be [[mistaken]]: errore quodam fallimur in disputando, Cic. Rep. 3, 35: [[qua]] (spe) possumus falli: [[deus]] falli qui potuit? id. N. D. 3, 31, 76: memoriā falli, Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118: jamque [[dies]], [[nisi]] fallor, adest, Verg. A. 5, 49; Cic. Att. 4, 17, 1; 16, 6, 2: ni fallor, Ov. F. 4, 623; Lact. 2, 19, 1; cf.: ordinis haec [[virtus]] erit et [[venus]], aut ego fallor, Hor. A. P. 42.—With [[object]]-[[clause]]: dicere non fallar, quo, etc., Luc. 7, 288: [[quamquam]] [[haut]] falsa [[sum]], nos odiosas haberi, Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 4; cf.: id [[quam]] [[facile]] [[sit]] mihi, [[haud]] [[sum]] [[falsus]], id. Men. 5, 2, 3; Ter. And. 4, 1, 23; Sall. J. 85, 20: [[neque]] ea res falsum me habuit, did not [[deceive]] me, id. ib. 10, 1: ut [[falsus]] animi est! Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of inanim. or abstr. objects: [[promissum]], not to [[fulfil]], Curt. 7, 10, 9: fidem hosti datam fallere, to [[violate]], [[break]], [[betray]], [[deceive]], Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39: quodsi meam spem vis improborum fefellerit [[atque]] superaverit, id. Cat. 4, 11, 23; cf. id. de Or. 1, 1, 2: non fallam opinionem tuam, id. Fam. 1, 6 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 86 fin.: [[imperium]], to [[fail]] to [[execute]], Plin. 7, 37, 38, § 125: cum lubrica saxa [[vestigium]] fallerent, [[betrayed]], Curt. 4, 9.—Poet.: tu faciem illius Falle [[dolo]], [[imitate]] deceptively, [[assume]], Verg. A. 1, 684: sua terga nocturno lupo, i. e. to [[hide]], [[conceal]], Prop. 4, 5, 14: [[casses]], [[retia]], to [[shun]], [[avoid]], Ov. H. 20, 45; 190. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol.: [[neque]] quo pacto fallam ... Scio [[quicquam]], Caecil. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 29 fin.: cum [[maxime]] fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur, Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41: ea ([[divinatio]]) fallit [[fortasse]] [[nonnumquam]], id. Div. 1, 14, 25: non in sortitione fallere, id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 132: in ea re, Nep. Them. 7, 2; Cels. 7, 26, 2: ne falleret bis relata [[eadem]] res, Liv. 29, 35, 2: ut, si [[quid]] possent, de induciis fallendo impetrarent, Caes. B. G. 4, 13, 5: germinat et [[numquam]] fallentis [[termes]] olivae, Hor. Epod. 16, 45: [[plerumque]] sufflati [[atque]] tumidi (oratores) fallunt pro uberibus, Gell. 7, 14, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Impers.: fallit (me) I [[deceive]] [[myself]], I [[mistake]], am [[mistaken]]: sed nos, [[nisi]] me fallit, jacebimus, Cic. Att. 14, 12, 2; cf.: [[nisi]] me [[propter]] benevolentiam [[forte]] fallebat, id. Cael. 19, 45; id. Sest. 50, 106: nec eum fefellit, id. Off. 2, 7, 25: vide, ne te fallat, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 25. And cf. under II. B. 2.<br /><b>II</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> To [[deceive]] in [[swearing]], to [[swear]] [[falsely]]: is jurare cum coepisset, vox eum defecit in [[illo]] [[loco]]: SI SCIENS FALLO, Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 2; cf.: lapidem silicem tenebant juraturi per Jovem haec verba dicentes: SI SCIENS FALLO, TVM ME DISPITER, etc., Paul. ex Fest. s. v. lapidem, p. 115 Müll.: si [[sciens]] fefellisset, Plin. [[Pan]]. 64, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 45, 8; Prop. 4, 7, 53: expedit matris cineres opertos Fallere, i. e. to [[swear]] [[falsely]] by the [[ashes]] of [[your]] [[mother]], Hor. C. 2, 8, 10.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> With [[respect]] to one's [[knowledge]] or [[sight]], for the [[more]] [[usual]] latēre: to [[lie]] [[concealed]] from, to [[escape]] the [[notice]], [[elude]] the [[observation]] of a [[person]] (so in Cic., Sall., and Caes. for the [[most]] [[part]] [[only]] impers., v. 2. [[infra]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With acc.: [[neque]] [[enim]] hoc te, Crasse, fallit, [[quam]] [[multa]] sint et [[quam]] [[varia]] genera dicendi, Cic. de Or. 1, 60, 255: tanto silentio in summum evasere, ut non custodes [[solum]] fallerent, sed, etc., Liv. 5, 47, 3: nec fefellit veniens ducem, id. 2, 19, 7; Curt. 7, 6, 4; cf.: [[quin]] et Atridas duce te (Mercurio) ... [[Priamus]] ... Thessalosque ignes et iniqua Trojae Castra fefellit, Hor. C. 1, 10, 16: quos fallere et effugere est [[triumphus]], id. ib. 4, 4, 52: Spartacum si [[qua]] potuit vagantem Fallere [[testa]], id. ib. 3, 14, 20; Suet. Caes. 43: nec te Pythagorae fallant arcana, Hor. Epod. 15, 21; id. Ep. 1, 6, 45: nec [[quicquam]] eos, quae [[terra]] marique agerentur, fallebat, Liv. 41, 2, 1 Drak.: ut plebem tribunosque falleret judicii rescindendi [[consilium]] initum, id. 4, 11, 4: tanta celeritate, ut [[visum]] fallant, Plin. 9, 50, 74, § 157: oculos [[littera]] fallit, cannot be [[distinctly]] [[read]], Ov. A. A. 3, 627.— With acc. and inf.: neutros fefellit hostes appropinquare, Liv. 31, 33, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.—Mid. [[with]] gen.: nec [[satis]] exaudiebam, nec sermonis fallebar [[tamen]], Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 55.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol., to [[escape]] [[notice]], be [[unseen]], [[remain]] undiscovered: [[speculator]] Carthaginiensium, qui per [[biennium]] fefellerat, Romae [[deprehensus]], Liv. 22, 33, 1; 25, 9, 2: [[spes]] fallendi, resistendive, si non falleret, of [[remaining]] [[unnoticed]], id. 21, 57, 5: non fefellere ad [[Tifernum]] hostes instructi, id. 10, 14, 6.—So [[with]] [[part]]. perf., Liv. 42, 64, 3; 23, 19, 11.—With [[part]]. pres.: ne [[alio]] itinere [[hostis]] falleret ad urbem incedens, i. e. [[arrive]] [[secretly]], λανθάνοι προσιών, Liv. 8, 20, 5; cf. id. 5, 47, 9; Verg. A. 7, 350: nec vixit [[male]], qui [[natus]] moriensque fefellit, i. e. has remained [[unnoticed]], Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 10: fallere pro [[aliquo]], to [[pass]] for, Gell. 7, 14: [[bonus]] [[longe]] fallente [[sagitta]], Verg. A. 9, 572.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Impers.: fallit (me), it is [[concealed]] from me, [[unknown]] to me, I do not [[know]], am [[ignorant]] of (for the [[most]] [[part]] [[only]] [[with]] negatives or in [[negative]] interrogations), constr. [[with]] [[subject]]-[[clause]]: non me fefellit: sensi, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 64: num me fefellit, hosce id struere? Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 3; cf.: in lege nulla esse ejusmodi capita, te non fallit, Cic. Att. 3, 23, 4: nec me animi fallit, etc., Lucr. 1, 136; 5, 97: quem fallit? [[who]] does not [[know]]? Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 233: [[neque]] [[vero]] Caesarem fefellit, [[quin]], etc., Caes. B C. 3, 94, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> To [[cause]] [[any]] [[thing]] ([[space]], [[time]], etc.) not to be observed or [[felt]], to [[lighten]] [[any]] [[thing]] [[difficult]], or to [[appease]], [[silence]] [[any]] [[thing]] [[disagreeable]], to [[beguile]] ([[poet]]. and in [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]]): medias fallunt sermonibus horas Sentirique moram prohibent, Ov. M. 8, 652: jam somno fallere curam, Hor. S. 2, 7, 114: Fallebat curas aegraque [[corda]] [[labor]], Ov. Tr. 3, 2, 16; cf. dolores, id. ib. 5, 7, 39: luctum, Val. Fl. 3, 319: molliter austerum [[studio]] fallente laborem, Hor. S. 2, 2, 12; Ov. M. 6, 60; Plin. 27, 7, 28, § 49.—Prov.: fallere credentem non est operosa puellam Gloria, Ov. H. 2, 63.—Hence, [[falsus]], a, um, P. a., [[deceptive]], [[pretended]], [[feigned]], [[deceitful]], [[spurious]], false (syn.: [[adulterinus]], [[subditus]], [[subditicius]], [[spurius]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Adj.: testes aut casu veri aut [[malitia]] falsi fictique esse possunt, Cic. Div. 2, 11, 27; cf.: falsum est id totum, [[neque]] [[solum]] fictum, sed [[etiam]] [[imperite]] absurdeque fictum, id. Rep. 2, 15: ementita et falsa plenaque erroris, id. N. D. 2, 21, 55: pro re certa spem falsam domum retulerunt, id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; cf.: spe falsa [[atque]] fallaci, id. Phil. 12, 2, 7; so, [[spes]], id. Sull. 82, 91: falsa et mendacia visa, id. Div. 2, 62, 127; cf.: falsa et inania visa, id. ib.: falsum et imitatione simulatum, id. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf. id. Phil. 11, 2, 5: [[argumentum]], id. Inv. 1, 48, 90: qui falsas lites falsis testimoniis Petunt, Plaut. Rud. prol. 13: reperiuntur falsi falsimoniis, id. Bacch. 3, 6, 12: [[ambitio]] multos mortales falsos fieri subegit, Sall. C. 10, 5 Kritz.: [[pater]] (opp. [[verus]]), a supposed [[father]], Ov. M. 9, 24; cf. id. ib. 1, 754: falsi ac festinantes, Tac. A. 1, 7: [[suspectio]], Enn. ap. Non. 511, 5: [[nuntius]], Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 175: rumores, Caes. B. G. 6, 20, 2: [[poena]] falsarum et corruptarum litterarum, Cic. Fl. 17, 39; cf.: falsas esse litteras et a [[scriba]] vitiatas, Liv. 40, 55, 1: falsarum tabularum rei, Suet. Aug. 19: [[fama]], Cic. Lael. 4, 15: [[appellatio]], Quint. 7, 3, 5: sententiae, id. 8, 5, 7: crimina, Hor. C. 3, 7, 14; terrores, id. Ep. 2, 1, 212: opprobria, i. e. [[undeserved]], id. ib. 1, 16, 38; cf. [[honor]], id. ib. 39: falsi Simoëntis ad undam, i. e. [[fictitious]] (simulati), Verg. A. 3, 302; cf.: falsi sequimur vestigia tauri (i. e. Jovis), Val. Fl. 8, 265: vultu [[simulans]] Haliagmona, Stat. Th. 7, 739: ita ceteros terruere, ut adesse omnem exercitum trepidi ac falsi nuntiarent, Tac. H. 2, 17: ne [[illi]] falsi sunt qui divorsissumas res [[pariter]] [[expectant]], deceived, [[mistaken]], Sall. J. 85, 20; cf.: [[falsus]] [[utinam]] [[vates]] sim, Liv. 21, 10, 10; so, [[vates]], id. 4, 46, 5.—Comp. ([[rare]]): [[quanto]] est abjectior et falsior ista ([[theologia]]), Aug. Civ. D. 7, 5 fin.: [[nihil]] est hominum inepta persuasione falsius, Petr. 132; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 92, 11 Müll.—Sup.: id [[autem]] falsissimum est, Col. 1, 6, 17.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With gen.: [[Felix]] appellatur [[Arabia]], falsi et ingrati [[cognominis]], Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 82.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; False, [[counterfeit]], [[spurious]], = [[adulterinus]] ([[late]] Lat.): moneta, Cod. Th. 9, 21, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> As subst.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[falsus]], i, m., a [[liar]], [[deceiver]]: Spurinnam ut falsum arguens, a false [[prophet]], Suet. Caes. 81 fin.; id. Tib. 14.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; falsum, i, n., [[falsehood]], [[fraud]]: ex falsis [[verum]] effici non potest, Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106; cf.: veris falsa remiscet, Hor. A. P. 151: [[vero]] distinguere falsum, id. Ep. 1, 10, 29: falsum scripseram, Cic. Att. 7, 14, 2; Quint. 7, 2, 53: ex [[illa]] [[causa]] falsi, i. e. of [[fraud]], Dig. 48, 10 (De lege [[Cornelia]] de falsis), 1; v. the [[whole]] [[title]]: [[acclinis]] falsis [[animus]], Hor. S. 2, 2, 6: nec obstitit falsis [[Tiberius]], Tac. A. 2, 82: simulationum falsa, id. ib. 6, 46 et saep.—Adverb.: telisque non in falsum jactis, i. e. not at [[random]], [[with]] [[effect]], Tac. A. 4, 50 fin.: jurare falsum, Ov. Am. 3, 3, 11.—Adv., [[untruly]], [[erroneously]], [[unfaithfully]], [[wrongly]], [[falsely]]; in [[two]] forms, [[falso]] and false.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[falso]]: eho [[mavis]] vituperari [[falso]], [[quam]] [[vero]] extolli? Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 21 sq.; cf. id. Trin. 1, 2, 173; so opp. [[vero]], Curt. 5, 2, 2: ei rei dant operam, ut mihi [[falso]] maledicatur, [[Cato]] ap. [[Charis]]. p. 179 P.: [[falso]] criminare, Enn. ap. Non. 470, 16: [[neque]] me perpetiar probri Falso insimulatam, id. Am. 3, 2, 7; 21; cf.: non [[possum]] quemquam insimulare [[falso]], Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107: [[falso]] memoriae proditum, id. de Imp. Pomp. 14, 41: cum [[Tarquinius]] ... vivere [[falso]] diceretur, id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.: adesse ejus equites [[falso]] nuntiabantur, Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 1: cum utrumque [[falso]] fingerent, Liv. 42, 2: [[falso]] in me conferri, Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 2: aliquem [[falso]] occidere, i. e. by [[mistake]], Naev. ap. [[Charis]]. p. 179 P.; cf.: ut miseri parentes quos [[falso]] lugent, vivere sciant, Liv. 34, 32, 13; and: [[falso]] lamentari eas Darium vivum, Curt. 3, 12: [[falso]] queritur de [[natura]] sua [[genus]] humanum, Sall. J. 1: [[falso]] plurima volgus amat, Tib. 3, 3, 20 (so perh. also in Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141, non assentiar [[saepe]] [[falso]], [[instead]] of false).—Ellipt.: Da. Si [[quid]] narrare occepi, [[continuo]] dari [[tibi]] verba censes. Si. Falso, Ter. And. 3, 2, 24; cf.: [[atqui]] in talibus rebus aliud utile [[interdum]], aliud honestum videri solet. Falso: nam, etc., Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so Quint. 2, 17, 12; Nep. Alc. 9: [[quia]] [[inter]] inpotentes et validos [[falso]] quiescas, = [[quia]] falluntur qui putant quiesci posse, Tac. Germ. 36.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; false ([[very]] [[rare]]): judicium false [[factum]], Sisenn. ap. [[Charis]]. p. 179; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 78 Fleck. (Cic. Ac. 2, 46, 141 dub., B. and K., al. [[falso]]).—Sup.: quae [[adversus]] haec falsissime disputantur, Aug. Conf. 10, 13.