impetus: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>impĕtus</b>: (inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no<br /><b>I</b> gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also [[impes]]), m. [[impeto]], an [[attack]], [[assault]], [[onset]] (freq. and [[class]].; in sing. and plur. [[equally]] [[common]]).<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen.: [[incursio]] [[atque]] [[impetus]] armatorum, Cic. Caecin. 15, 44: gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt, Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2: impetum facere in aliquem, id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4: in agros, Liv. 1, 5, 4: ad regem, id. 1, 5, 7; cf.: in hostes, Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3: [[dare]] impetum in aliquem, Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7: capere impetum in aliquem, Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91: hostes impetu [[facto]] [[celeriter]] nostros perturbaverunt, Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1: [[oppidum]] magno impetu oppugnare, id. ib. 2, 6: [[primo]] hostium impetu pulsi, id. ib. 2, 24, 1: [[impetus]] gladiorum excipere, id. ib. 1, 52, 4: impetum sustinere, id. ib. 3, 2, 4: ferre impetum, id. ib. 3, 19, 3: fracto impetu levissimi hominis, Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2: impetum propulsare, id. Mur. 1, 2: nec [[primum]] [[quidem]] impetum, nec [[secundum]], nec [[tertium]], sustinere potuerunt, Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11: uno impetu, Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1: coërcere, Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180: aquarum domare, id. 31, 6, 31, § 58: nec [[tantum]] (cupiditates) in alios [[caeco]] impetu incurrunt, etc., Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu [[Centaurus]], [[with]] [[double]] - shaped [[attack]], Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. [[biformatus]].—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In medic. lang., an [[attack]] of a [[disease]], a [[fit]], [[paroxysm]]: [[febris]], Cels. 2, 15: pituitae, Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183: coeliacorum, id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. [[inflammation]], id. 20, 3, 8, § 16: [[thymum]] e vino tumores et [[impetus]] tollit, id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In mechanics, the [[pressure]] of a [[load]], Vitr. 6, 3.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., in gen. ([[without]] [[reference]] to an [[object]]), [[violent]] [[impulse]], [[violent]] or [[rapid]] [[motion]], [[impetus]], [[impetuosity]], [[violence]], [[fury]], [[vehemence]], [[vigor]], [[force]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Physical: labitur uncta [[carina]], volat [[super]] [[impetus]] undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.): in magno impetu maris [[atque]] [[aperto]], Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1: Hebri, Phaedr. 3, prol. 59: [[impetus]] caeli, i. e. [[rapid]] [[motion]], Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also [[poet]].: quieti [[corpus]] nocturno impetu Dedi, in the [[nocturnal]] [[revolution]], i. e. in the [[night]], Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44: [[impetus]] [[ipse]] animaï Et [[fera]] vis venti, Lucr. 6, 591; cf.: tantos [[impetus]] ventorum sustinere, Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Mental, [[impulse]], [[vehemence]], [[ardor]], [[passion]], etc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sing.: [[repentino]] quodam impetu animi [[incitatus]], [[internal]] [[pressure]], [[impulse]], Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.: ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas, id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1: impetu [[magis]] [[quam]] consilio, Liv. 42, 29, 11: [[aliter]] in oratione nec [[impetus]] [[ullus]] nec vis esse potest, Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.: ad omnem impetum dicendi, id. Deiot. 2, 5: actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt, Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2: resumere impetum fractum omissumque, id. ib. 7, 9, 6: [[adulescens]] [[impetus]] ad bella maximi, Vell. 2, 55, 2: est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae, Cic. Lael. 17, 63: [[divinus]] [[impetus]], id. Div. 1, 49, 111: si ex hoc impetu rerum [[nihil]] prolatando remittitur, Liv. 37, 19, 5: [[donec]] [[impetus]] famae et [[favor]] [[exercitus]] languesceret, Tac. Agr. 39 fin.: est mihi per saevas [[impetus]] [[ire]] feras, I [[feel]] an [[impulse]], Ov. H. 4, 38: [[Bessus]] occidendi [[protinus]] regis impetum ceperat, had formed a [[sudden]] [[purpose]], Curt. 5, 12, 1: [[statim]] moriendi impetum cepit, Suet. Oth. 9.— Prov.: Da [[spatium]] tenuemque moram, [[male]] cuncta ministrat [[impetus]], [[haste]] makes [[waste]], Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Plur.: animalia, quae habent suos [[impetus]] et rerum [[appetitus]], impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11: an [[fortitudo]], [[nisi]] insanire coeperit, [[impetus]] suos non habebit? id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50: [[temperantia]] est rationis in libidinem [[atque]] in alios non rectos [[impetus]] animi firma et moderata [[dominatio]], id. Inv. 2, 54, 164: insanos [[atque]] indomitos [[impetus]] vulgi cohibere, id. Rep. 1, 5.