χάρις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ᾰ], ἡ, gen. χάρῐτος: acc. χάριν [ι in arsi, Il.5.874], etc.; also<br><span class="bld">A</span> χάριτα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.41, 9.107, E.''El.''61, ''Hel.''1378, X.''HG''3.5.16, Phylarch. 24 J., ''PGen.''47.17 (iv A.D.), etc. (un-Attic, acc. to Moer.p.414P.): χάριταν ''Glossaria'': pl. χάριτες; dat. χάρισι, χαρίτεσσι, Od.6.237, Il. 17.51, Pi.''O.''7.93: ([[χαίρω]]):—[[grace]]:<br><span class="bld">I</span> in objective sense, [[outward]] [[grace]] or [[favour]], [[beauty]], prop. of persons or their portraits, θεσπεσίην δ' ἄρα τῷ γε χάριν κατεχεύατ' Ἀθήνη Od.2.12, etc.; χάριν ἀμφιχέαι κεφαλῇ Hes.''Op.''65; εὐμόρφων δὲ κολοσσῶν ἔχθεται χ. ἀνδρί A.''Ag.'' 417 (lyr.): pl., [[graces]], κάλλεϊ καὶ χάρισι στίλβων Od.6.237; ὄσσοις χάριτας Ἀφροδίτης ἔχων E.''Ba.''236; μετὰ χαρίτων [[gracefully]], Th.2.41: less freq. of things, χάριν δ' ἀπελάμπετο [[πολλή]], of [[earring]]s, Il.14.183; of works, ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει Od.15.320; of words, οὔ οἱ χ. ἀμφιπεριστέφεται ἐπέεσσιν 8.175; πλείστη δὲ χ. κατὰ μέτρον ἰούσης [γλώσσης] Hes.''Op.''720; ταὶ Διωνύσου σὺν βοηλάτα χάριτες διθυράμβῳ Pi.''O.''13.19; ἡ τῶν λόγων χ. D.4.38, cf. [[Dionysius of Halicarnassus|D.H.]]''[[De Compositione Verborum|Comp.]]''23; μῦθοι πληθόμενοι χαρίτων ''AP''9.186 (Antip.Thess.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[glory]], Φερενίκου χ. Pi.''O.''1.18, cf. 8.57,80.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in subjective sense, [[grace]] or [[favour]] felt, whether on the part of the [[doer]] or the [[receiver]] (both senses appear in such phrases as ὅτ' . . ἡ χάρις χάριν φέροι [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''779; χάρις χάριν γάρ ἐστιν ἡ τίκτουσ' ἀεί Id.''Aj.''522, cf. E.''Hel.''1234, Arist.''Rh.''1385a16):<br><span class="bld">1</span> on the part of the doer, [[grace]], [[kindness]], [[goodwill]], τινος [[for]] or [[towards]] one, Hes.''Op.''190; τῶν Μεσσηνίων χάριτι πεισθείς Th.3.95; [[οὐ χάριτι τῇ ἐμῇ]] = [[not]] [[for]] [[any]] [[kind]] [[feeling]] [[towards]] me, Antipho 5.41: abs., εἰ δέ τις μείζων χ. A. ''Supp.''960; τῆς παλαιᾶς χ. ἐκβεβλημένη [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''808; ἦ μεγάλα χ. δώρῳ σύν ὀλίγῳ Theoc.28.24; χ. εὑρεῖν ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ [[LXX]] ''Ge.''6.8, al.; χάριν ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Plu.''Dem.''7; [[partiality]], [[favour]], μήτε ἔλεον μήτε συγγνώμην μήτε χ. μηδεμίαν περὶ πλείονος ποιήσασθαι τῶν νόμων Lys.14.40; οὐ συμφωνοῦσιν ὀργαὶ καὶ χάριτες μακαριότητι Epicur. ''Ep.''ip.28 U., cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''740c.<br><span class="bld">2</span> more freq. on the part of the receiver, [[sense of favour]] received, [[thankfulness]], [[gratitude]], χάριν καὶ κῦδος ἄροιο Il.4.95; ἀρέομαι πὰρ Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χ. Pi.''P.''1.76; τινος [[for]] a thing, οὐδέ τίς ἐστι χάρις μετόπισθ' εὐεργέων Od.4.695, cf. 22.319; ἀντὶ πόνων χ. Th.4.86: less freq. c. inf., οὐκ ἄρα τις χάρις ἦεν μάρνασθαι = one has, it seems, no [[thank]]s [[for]] [[fighting]], Il.9.316, 17.147; οἵ οἱ ἀπεμνήσαντο χ. εὐεργεσιάων Hes.''Th.''503, cf. Th.1.137; χάριν φέρειν τινί Pi.''O.''10(11).17; χ. τροφεῦσιν ἀμείβων A.''Ag.''728 (lyr.); φιλότητος ἀμειβόμεναι χ. S.''El.''134 (lyr.); χάριν [[εἰδέναι]] τινί = to [[acknowledge]] a [[sense]] of [[favour]], [[feel]] [[grateful]], once in Hom., ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι ἰδέω χ. ἤματα πάντα Il.14.235; freq. in Prose, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.21, Lys.2.23, Isoc.4.175, etc.; τούτων [[for]] a thing, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''1.6.11, etc.; τοῖς διαπεπραγμένοις Plu.''Alex.''62; μοι χ. οἶδεν ἐπὶ τούτοις Luc. Bis Acc.17; χ. προσειδέναι Pl.''Ap.''20a; ἀποδιδόναι Id.''R.''338a; τινὰ ἀποστερῆσαι χάριτος Id.''Hp.Mi.''372c; later χ. γνῶναι Philostr.''VA''2.17; πολλὴν γνοῦσα χ. X.Eph.3.5; χάριν [[ἐπίσταμαι]] πᾶσι Charito 3.4, cf. 8.5, Poll.5.142, Jul.''Or.''8.246c; also [[τῶν]] παροιχομένων ἔχειν σφι μεγάλην χ. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.120, cf. 1.71, E.''Heracl.''767 (lyr.), ''IT''847 (lyr.), Lys.16.1, Hyp.''Ath.''5: c. part., χ. ἔχειν σωθέντες X.''An.''2.5.14; also [[χάριτας]] ἔχων πατρός = owing him a [[debt]] of [[gratitude]], [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''244: but ἀσπασμάτων χάριν τίν' ἕξει; what [[thanks]] will she have [[for]] . . ? Id.''Hec.'' 830; χ. ἂν ἐν τούτῳ μείζω ἔτι ἔσχεν Th.8.87; χάριν [[ὀφείλειν]] = to [[owe]] [[gratitude]], [[be beholden]], τοῖς θεοῖς S.''Ant.''331, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''3.2.30; προσοφείλειν D.3.31; χ. οὐδεμία ἐφαίνετο πρὸς Ἀθηναίων [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.90; [[χάριν ἀθάνατον καταθέσθαι]] to [[lay up]] a [[store]] of [[undying]] [[gratitude]], Id.7.178, cf. 6.41; τῇ πόλει χάριν καταθέσθαι Antipho 5.61, cf. Th.1.33; [[χάριν λαβεῖν τινος]] = [[receive]] [[thanks]] from one, S.''OT''1004, etc.; ἀπολαβεῖν παρά τινων Lys.20.31; τινος [[for]] a thing, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''2.2.5, Aeschin.2.4; διπλῆν ἐξ ἐμοῦ κτήσει χάριν S.''Ph.''1370; κἀπ' ἐμοῦ κτήσει χ. Id.''Tr.''471; κομίσασθαι χ. Th.3.58; χάριτος [[τυχεῖν]] Lycurg. 135; ἀπέχειν χάριτας Call.''Epigr.''51.4, etc.; τοῖς θεοῖς [[χάρις]] (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἐστί]]) ὅτι... [[thank]] the [[god]]s that... X.''An.''3.3.14, ''Cyr.''7.5.72; χ. τινί τινος Luc.''Tim.''36; τινὶ ὑπέρ τινος Plu.2.1122a.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[favour]], [[influence]], opp. [[force]], χάριτι τὸ πλέον ἢ φόβῳ Th.1.9; χ. καὶ δεήσει, opp. [[ἀπειλῇ]], Plu.''Sull.''38.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[love-charm]], [[philtre]], Luc. ''Alex.''5, ''Merc.Cond.''40.<br><span class="bld">III</span> in concrete sense, a [[favour]] done or returned, [[boon]], [[χάριν φέρειν τινί]] [[confer]] a [[favour]] on one, do a thing [[to oblige]] him, Il.5.211,874, 9.613, Od.5.307, E.''IT''14, ''Or.''239, And.2.24 (so in Med., of the recipient, ib.9); ἄλλοις χ. φέροντες Th.3.54; [[χάριν θέσθαι]] or τίθεσθαί τινι, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.60,107, A. ''Pr.''782, E.''Hec.''1211, etc.; προσθέσθαι [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''767; χ. ὑπουργῆσαί τινι [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''635; παρασχεῖν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1183; πράσσειν [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]''36, 896 (lyr.); δράσας Th.2.40; ἀνύσαι prob. in S.''Tr.''995 (anap.); νέμειν Id.''Aj.''1371; χ. δοῦναί τινι [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''821, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1489 (but χάριν [[δοῦναι]], = [[χαρίζεσθαι]] (1.2), [[indulge]], [[humour]], [[ὀργῇ]] ib.855; γαστρί Cratin.317); χάριν [[χαρίζεσθαι]], v. [[χαρίζομαι]] 1.1: χάριν [[ἀνθυπουργεῖν]] [[return]] a [[favour]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''339; τίνειν [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''985, ''Ag.''821; χάριτας πατρῴας ἐκτίνων [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''453, cf. Pl. ''Mx.''242c, etc.; χάριν [[ἀποδιδόναι]] τινί Lys.12.60, 28.17; ἀντί τινος X.''Ages.''2.29; ὑπέρ τινος Isoc.4.56; τῶν ἔργων τὰς χάριτας ἀποδ. τινί Lys.31.24; χάριτας ἀντιδιδόναι Th.3.63; opp. χάριν [[ἀπαιτεῖν]] = to [[ask]] the [[repayment]] of a [[boon]], E.''Hec.''276, cf. Lys.18.23, D.20.156; χάριτας ἀπ. Lycurg.139; χάριν [[ἐξαιτεῖσθαι]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''586; χάριν [[ἀποστερεῖν]] = [[withhold]] a [[return]] for what one has received, Pl.''Grg.'' 520c; τὰς αὑτοῦ εἰς τοὺς φίλους χ. the [[favours]] one has done them, Id.''Lg.''729d; χ. ἄχαρις α = [[thankless]] [[favour]], one which receives, or deserves, no thanks, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''545 (lyr.); χ. ἀχάριτος Id.''Ch.''42 (lyr.), E.''Ph.''1757 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[grant]] made in [[legal]] [[form]], ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''273.14 (i A.D.), ''PGrenf.''2.70.5 (iii A.D.), etc.; αἱ τῶν Σεβαστῶν χ. [[imperial]] [[grant]]s, ''OGI''669.44 (Egypt, i A.D.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> especially in erotic sense, of [[favour]]s [[grant]]ed (v. [[χαρίζομαι]] 1.3), ἀλόχου χάριν [[ἰδεῖν]] Il.11.243, cf. A.''Ag.''1206: more freq. in plural, X.''Hier.''1.34, 7.6, etc.; βίᾳ δ' ἔπραξας χάριτας ἢ πείσας κόρην; ''Trag.Adesp.''402; in full, χάριτες ἀφροδισίων ἐρώτων Pi.''Fr.''128, cf. Pl.''Phdr.''254a, al.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[gratification]], [[delight]], τινος in or [[from]] a thing, συμποσίου Pi. ''O.''7.5; νίκας Id.''O.''10(11).78; ὕπνου χ. [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''159 (lyr.); even χ. γόων Id.''Supp.''79 (lyr.); also concrete, of things, a [[delight]], Pi.''I.''2.19 (pl.); τὰν βοτρυώδη Διονύσου χ. οἴνας E.''Ba.''535 (lyr.), cf. Ar.''Nu.''311 (lyr.), Jul.''Or.''3.125b; ἔνοπτρα, παρθένων χάριτας E.''Tr.''1108 (lyr.): abs., Ἔρως . . εἰσάγων γλυκεῖαν χ. Id.''Hipp.''527 (lyr.); opp. [[λύπη]], S.''El.''821, E.''Hel.''655 (lyr.); opp. [[πόνος]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''232 (lyr.); θανεῖν πολλὴ χάρις A.''Ag.''550, cf. 1304; βίου χ. μεθεῖσα E.''Med.''227; οὐδεμίαν ἔχω τῷ βίῳ χάριν Ar.''Lys.''865; τοῖς δὲ σιτίοις χ. οὐδεμίαν οἶδ' ἐσθίων ib.869; less freq. in Prose, χάρις καὶ [[ἡδονή]] Pl.''Grg.''462c, cf. D.20.26; τοσαύτην ἔχει χ. Isoc.9.10.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[δαιμόνων χάρις]] = [[homage]] [[due]] to gods, their [[worship]], [[majesty]], A.''Ag.'' 182 (lyr.); ἀθίκτων χάρις ib.371 (lyr.); ὅρκων E.''Med.''439 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[thank-offering]], εὐκταία χ. τινός, opp. a [[common]] [[gift]], A.''Ag.''1387, cf. X.''Hier.''8.4; ἔπεμψε χαίτην κουρίμην χ. πατρός A.''Ch.''180, cf. 517; τιμὴ καὶ γέρα καὶ χ. Pl.''Euthphr.''15a, cf. ''La.''187a.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> Special usages:<br><span class="bld">1</span> acc. sg. as adverb, χ. τινός = in any one's [[favour]], [[for]] his [[pleasure]], [[for]] his [[sake]], χ. Ἕκτορος Il.15.744; [[ψεύδεσθαι]] γλώσσης χάριν [[for]] one's [[tongue]]'s [[pleasure]], i.e. [[for]] [[talk]]ing's [[sake]], Hes.''Op.''709, cf. A.''Ch.''266; rarely with Art., τὴν Ἀθηναίων χάριν ἐστρατεύοντο [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.99.<br><span class="bld">b</span> as [[preposition]], sometimes before its case (once in Pi., ''P.''2.70; χάριν [[πλησμονή|πλησμονῆς]] Pl.''Phdr.''241c; χάριν [[φιλία]]ς Epicur.''Sent.Vat.''28; χάριν τίνος; [[LXX]] ''2 Ch.''7.21, cf. ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''743.29 (i B. C.), etc.), but mostly after, [[for the sake of]], [[on behalf of]], [[on account of]], κακά νιν ἕλοιτο μοῖρα δυσπότμου χάριν χλιδᾶς S.''OT''888 (lyr.); [[τοῦ χάριν]]; [[for]] what [[reason]]? Ar.''Pl.''53; συγχωρῶ τοῦ λόγου χ. Pl.''R.''475a; so [[ἐμὴν χάριν]], [[χάριν σήν]], [[for]] my, thy [[pleasure]] or [[sake]], [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''1046 (lyr.), E.''HF''1238, etc.; κείνου τε καὶ σὴν ἐξ ἴσου κοινὴν χ. S.''Tr.''485: less freq. with the Art., τὴν σὴν δ' ἥκω χ. Id.''Ph.''1413 (anap.); σοῦ τε τήν τ' ἐμὴν χ. E.''Ph.''762:—pleon., τίνος χάριν ἕνεκα; [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''701d; also [[χάριν τινός]] [[as far as regards]]... [[as]] [[to]]... ἔπους σμικροῦ χ. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''443; [[δακρύων χάριν]] = [[if]] [[tear]]s [[would]] [[serve]], Id.''Fr.''557.6; χ. θανάτου πόλιν ἀτείχιστον οἰκοῦμεν Epicur.''Sent.Vat.''31; also, [[about]], ἔπεμφεν ἐπὶ τὴν πενθεράν σου χ. τοῦ κτήματος = [[about]] the [[farm]], ''PFay.''126.5 (ii/iii A. D.).—Orig. an acc. in [[apposition]] with the [[sentence]], as in Il.15.744, etc., [[be]]ing a [[favour]], [[since]] it is (was) a [[favour]], as is evident in κακῆς γυναικὸς χάριν ἄχαριν ἀπώλετο E.''IT''566; τινὸς νίκας ἀκάρπωτον χ. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''176 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> with Preps.:<br><span class="bld">a</span> [[εἰς χάριν]] = [[to do a pleasure]], οὐδὲν ἐς χ. πράσσων Id.''OT''1353 (lyr.); ἐς χ. τίθεσθαί τι Plu.''Mar.''46; μηδὲ κρίσιν εἰς χ. ἕλκε Ps.-Phoc.9 (but ἐς τὴν τῶν ξυμμάχων χάριν = in such a way as to [[earn]] [[thanks]] . . Th.3.37); also κατὰ χάριν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''740c; χάριτος [[ἕνεκα]] ib.771d.<br><span class="bld">b</span> πράσσειν τί τινι πρὸς χάριν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1776 (anap.); δρᾶσαι E.''Hel.''1281; τοῖσι πολλοῖς πρὸς χάριν λέγειν τι Id.''Hec.''257, cf. [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''4.4.4, ''HG''6.3.7, Isoc.2.18, D.8.1 (but πρὸς χάριν βορᾶς = [[for the sake]] of it, S.''Ant.''30); πρὸς χάριν, opp. [[κλαίων]], Id.''OT''1152:—but πρὸς χάριν εὐσεβίας, just like χάριν, Pi.''O.''8.8; τίνος νόμου ταῦτα πρὸς χάριν λέγω; S.''Ant.''908; πρὸς ἰσχύος χ. E.''Med.''538; [[πρὸς χάριν]] alone, [[as]] a [[favour]], [[freely]], πρὸς χ. τε κοὐ βίᾳ [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''28; but κορέσαι στόμα πρὸς χάριν = [[sate]] themselves [[to]] their [[heart]]'s [[desire]], Id.''Ph.''1156 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[ἐν χάριτι κρίνειν τινά]] = to [[decide]] from [[partiality]] to one, Theoc.5.69; but also, [[for]] one's [[gratification]], [[pleasure]], ἐν χάριτι διδόναι or ἐν χάριτι ποιεῖν τινί τι, X.''Oec.''8.10, Pl.''Phd.''115b: παραλαμβάνειν ἐν χάρισιν [[gratefully]], Id.''Lg.''796b.<br><span class="bld">d</span> διὰ χαρίτων εἶναι or γίγνεσθαί τινι = to [[be pleasing to one]], X.''Hier.''9.1,2.<br><span class="bld">e</span> ἐθελοντὶ καὶ μετὰ χάριτος = of [[pure]] [[good]] [[will]], Plb.2.22.5, etc.; ἐθελούσιοι καὶ χάριτος ἕνεκα ἐξιόντες [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''4.2.11.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> metaph. of the [[cypress]], Gp.11.4.1; of some kind of [[myrtle]], Sch.Il.17.51; of [[salt]], ὅτι τὸ ἀναγκαῖον ἡδὺ ποιοῦσιν (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἅλες]]) Plu.2.685a.<br><span class="bld">B</span> [[Χάρις]], ἡ, as a mythological pr. n. declined like [[χάρις]], save that the acc. is generally [[Χάριτα]] (exc. ''AP''5.148 (Mel.), Luc.''DDeor.'' 15.1, Paus.9.35.4): ''poet.'' dat. pl. Χαρίτεσσι Il.17.51, Pi.''N.''9.54; [[Χάρισσιν]] ib.5.54:—[[Charis]], [[wife]] of [[Hephaestus]], Il.18.382; mostly in plural [[Χάριτες]], αἱ, the [[Charites]], [[Graces]], 14.267,275, Od.6.18, Pi.''O.''2.50, etc.; three in number, Hes.''Th.''907, etc. (τέσσαρες αἱ [[Χάριτες]], as a [[compliment]], Call.''Epigr.''52.1); [[attendant]]s of [[Aphrodite]], Il.5.338, Hes. ''Op.''73, ''h.Ven.''61, Paus.6.24.7; coupled with [[Μοῦσαι]], Hes.''Th.''64; κόμαι Χαρίτεσσιν ὁμοῖαι, i.e. like that of the [[Graces]], Il.17.51; worshipped at [[Orchomenus]] in [[Boeotia]], Ἐτεόκλειοι Χάριτες θεαί Theoc. 16.104, cf. Sch. ad loc., Str.9.2.40, Paus.9.35.3, 9.38.1: but at [[Lacedaemon]] and Athens only two were orig. worshipped, Id.3.18.6, 9.35.2; Χαρίτων ἱερὸν ἐμποδὼν ποιοῦνται [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1133a3; θύειν ταῖς X. Plu.2.141f; in [[adjuration]]s, πρὸς τῶν Χαρίτων Pl.''Tht.'' 152c; νὴ τὰς Χάριτας Luc.''Hist.Conscr.''26; ὦ φίλαι X. Plu.2.710d.—Rarely in sg., Χάρις [[ζωθάλμιος]] Pi.''O.''7.11; Χάριτος ἡδίστης θεῶν Antiph. 228.4.