λαγχάνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span> fut. λήξομαι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 617e; Ion. [[λάξομαι]] (cf. [[λάξις]]) [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.144: aor. ἔλᾰχον Il.9.367, etc.; Ep. [[ἔλλαχον]] ''h.Cer.''87, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[ἔλλαβεν]] in Theoc.25.271; Ep. [[λάχον]] Il.4.49, al.; Aeol. opt. 1sg. λαχόην Sapph.9 (λαχοίην A.D. ''Synt.''247.25); for λέλᾰχον v. infr. IV: pf. εἴληχα A.''Th.''376, 423, etc.: plpf. εἰλήχει [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 107d; ''poet.'' and Ion. [[λέλογχα]] Pi.''O.''1.53, B.9.39, Emp.20.3, E.''Tr.''282 (lyr.), [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.53, Test. ap.D.21.82, D.H.4.83, etc., but not in early Att. Prose; 3pl. λελογχᾰσι (ν) Od.11.304, Emp.102, but λελᾰχᾱσι Id.115.5; part. λελαχώς Phld.''D.''1.17; Dor. 3sg. λελόγχει Theoc.4.40: plpf. ἐλελόγχει Luc. ''Am.''18:—Pass., aor. ἐλήχθην Lys.17.8, Is.9.24, D.38.20: pf. εἴληγμαι E.''Tr.''296, D.30.34; 3pl. λελάχαται Perict. ap. Stob.4.28.19:<br><span class="bld">I</span> c. acc. rei, [[obtain by lot]], of spoils, opp. [[ἐξαιρεῖσθαι]], Od.14.233, cf. Il. 9.367, etc.: generally, [[obtain as one's portion]], τὸ γὰρ λάχομεν γέρας ἡμεῖς 4.49; λαχόντα τε ληΐδος αἶσαν 18.327; πρὸς δαιμόνων ὄλβον Pi. ''N.''9.45; μέζονας μοίρας λ. Heraclit.25; μοῖραν ἴσην, ὡς αὐτοί περ ἐλάγχανον Od.20.282, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.144: with inf. added, <b class="b3">ἔλαχον πολιὴν ἅλα ναιέμεν</b> I [[had]] the sea [[for my portion]] to dwell in, Il.15.190, cf. Pi.''O.'' 6.34, A.''Eu.''931 (anap.); ἔλαχ' ἄναξ δούλην σ' ἔχειν E.''Tr.''278, cf. 282 (lyr.); of a deity as presiding over one's life, ἐμὲ μὲν Κὴρ… λάχε γεινόμενόν περ Il.23.79; τῶ σκληρῶ μάλα δαίμονος ὅς με λελόγχει Theoc. 4.40; δαίμων ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν εἰληχώς Lys.2.78; ὦ δαῖμον, ὅς με… εἴληχας Alciphr.3.49: also, especially in pf., to [[be the tutelary deity of]] a place, [[protect]] it. [Πὰν] πάντα λόφον… λέλογχε ''h.Hom.''19.6; θεοῖσι οἳ Περσίδα γῆν λελόγχασι [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.53; παῖ Ῥέας, ἃ πρυτανεῖα λέλογχας Pi. ''N.''11.1; of Athena, ἣ τὴν ὑμετέραν πόλιν ἔλαχε Pl.''Ti.''23d, cf. [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]'' 319 (lyr.), ''Ph.''1576 (lyr.): metaph., ἀκέρδεια λέλογχεν θαμινὰ κακαγόρος Pi.''O.''1.53: freq. of persons [[who have a post assigned to them by lot]], κλήρῳ νῦν πεπάλασθε διαμπερές, ὅς κε λάχῃσι Il.7.171, cf. 179, 23.354, 862: c. inf., κλήρῳ λάχον ἐνθάδ' ἕπεσθαι 24.400; so πάλῳ λαχεῖν A.''Th.''55, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.94, cf. 3.128; ὡς ἐν πύλαις ἕκαστος εἴληχεν πάλον A. ''Th.''376: abs., <b class="b3">πρὸς Θύμβρης ἔλαχον Δύκιοι</b> [[had their post assigned]] near Thymbra, Il.10.430; <b class="b3">ἐπί, ἐν πύλαις λ.</b>, A.''Th.''423, 451, etc.; [[λαχών]] alone, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.128, etc.; <b class="b3">λ. τινὰ διδάσκαλον</b> [[have him assigned to one by lot]], Antipho 6.11.<br><span class="bld">2</span> at Athens, [[obtain]] an office [[by lot]], <b class="b3">ἀρχὰς λαχεῖν</b>, opp. [[χειροτονηθῆναι]] (to be elected), D.57.25, cf.[[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''1111; οὐδεμίαν [ἀρχὴν] λαχὼν οὐδὲ χειροτονηθείς Aeschin.1.106: more freq. c. inf., <b class="b3">ὁ τῷ κυάμῳ λαχὼν πολεμαρχέειν</b> [[he who had the lot]] to be polemarch, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.109; ἔλαχον πρότεροι ἀποδιδόναι Th.5.21, cf. 35; λαχὼν… ἱερομνημονεῖν Ar.''Nu.''623; <b class="b3">λαχόντος βουλεύειν</b> [[when I became]] Member of Council [[by lot]], D.21.111, cf. 59.3, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Gorgias|Grg.]]'' 473e: c. gen., <b class="b3">λαχεῖν τῶν ἐξιόντων</b> to [[be chosen by lot]] as one of... D.21.133; also οἱ ταμίαι οἱ λαχόντες ''IG''12.91.21; <b class="b3">λαχεῖν βασιλεύς, ἐπιμελητής, ἱερεύς</b>, etc., Lys.6.4, Din.2.10, D.57.47, etc.; ἐπίσκοπος τῷ κυάμῳ λαχών [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''1022; <b class="b3">οἱ πεντακόσιοι λαχόντες τῷ κυάμῳ</b> Lexap.And.1.96: abs., <b class="b3">κληρούχους τοὺς λαχόντας</b> [[those on whom the lot fell]], Th.3.50, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]'' 765c; τοὺς λαχόντας προέδρους ''SIG''465.6 (Athens, iii B. C.); rare exc. in Athens, <b class="b3">λαχὼν ἱερεύς</b> ib.762.12 (Dionysopolis, i B. C.), etc.<br><span class="bld">3</span> as Att. law-term, <b class="b3">λαγχάνειν δίκην</b> [[obtain leave to bring]] a suit (esp. a private suit), prob. because the presiding magistrates decided the order of hearing by lot; <b class="b3">λ. δίκην τινί</b> [[against]] one, Pl.''Euthphr.''5b, ''Lg.'' 938b, cf. Aeschin.2.99; ἔγκλημά τινι D.34.16; <b class="b3">τὸν εἰληχότα τοῦ κλήρου τὴν δίκην</b> the person [[suing]] for the inheritance, Is.8.3: without <b class="b3">τὴν δίκην, εἴληχε μὲν αὑτῷ τῆς θυγατρὸς τῆς Εὐκτήμονος ὡς οὔσης ἐπικλήρου</b> he [[has claimed]] Euctemon's daughter... Id.6.46, cf. D.48.20; λ. τινὶ τοῦ συμβολαίου Lys.17.3; λ. φόνου ἐμαυτῷ D.21.120; also <b class="b3">λ. τῷ υἱεῖ τῆς ἐπικλήρου</b> [[prosecute the claim]] on his son's behalf, And.1.121, cf. 124; λ. δίκην τινὶ εἰς τοὺς Ἀμφικτύονας χιλίων ταλάντων ὑπέρ τινος D. 59.98, cf. Isoc.16.2: abs., λ. πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα Is.11.33: metaph., τοῦ σώματος [τῇ ψυχῇ] δίκην λαχόντος Democr.159:—Pass., πρὸς οὓς αἱ δίκαι ἐλήχθησαν Lys.17.8; πρὸ τοῦ τὴν δίκην ληχθῆναι D.54.28: impers., <b class="b3">τούτοις λαγχάνεται</b> [[proceedings are taken]], Id.23.76.<br><span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. partit., [[become possessed of]] a thing, ὥς κεν Ἀχιλλεὺς δώρων ἐκ Πριάμοιο λάχῃ Il.24.76; ἔλαχον κτερέων Od.5.311, cf. Thgn.934, Pi.''I.''8(7).69, ''Fr.''75.6, B.1.56, 9.39, ''Lyr.Adesp.''53, Emp.102, 115.5, Democr.21; εὖ πραπίδων λαχόντα [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]''380 (lyr.); χρυσῆς… τιμῆς λαχεῖν [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''699; οὔ τι μὴ λάχωσι τοῦδε συμμάχου Id.''OC''450; [[γέννας]] ἀφθίτου λαχόντες Id.''Fr.''278; διπλοῦ βίου λαχόντες E.''Supp.''1086; <b class="b3">πατρῴων οὐ λαχών</b> not [[having obtained]] thy patrimony, Id.''Tr.''1192; τῆς εὐπρεπεστάτης τελευτῆς Th.2.44; δείπνου τε καὶ ὕπνου λαγχάνομεν X.''Hier.''6.9; also χθονὸς λαχεῖν τοσοῦτον ἐνθανεῖν μόνον [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''790; γάμου μέρος λαχοῦσα Id.''Ant.''918; τύμβου κοινὸν εἰληχὼς μέρος Id.''El.'' 1135; τῆς γῆς τὸ πρὸς Νότον εἴληχε Παλλάς Id.''Fr.''24.8.<br><span class="bld">III</span> abs., [[draw lots]], κατάστασις ἡ διὰ τοῦ λαγχάνειν γιγνομένη Isoc.7.23, cf. [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]] 4.63, etc.; περί τινος D.21 Arg.2†† 3, 4, ''Ev.Jo.''19.24.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> causal only in Ep. redupl. aor. λέλᾰχον, [[put in possession of]] a thing, [[grant]] one [[the rights of]]... ὄφρα πυρός με Τρῶες… λελάχωσι θανόντα Il.7.80, cf. 15.350, 23.76: later this aor. is used intr. in ''AP''7.341 (Procl.).<br><span class="bld">V</span> intr., [[fall to one's lot]] or [[fall to one's share]], <b class="b3">ἐς ἑκάστην [νῆα] ἐννέα λάγχανον αἶγες</b> nine goats [[were allotted]] to each, Od.9.160; αἰὼν δυσαίων ἔλαχεν E. ''Hel.''214 (lyr.); ὅσοις… τὸ σωφρονεῖν εἴληχεν Id.''Hipp.''80; τὸ λαχὸν μέρος ἑκάστῳ τῷ θεῷ [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''745e, cf. ''Epin.''992d; τὴν πρὸς Νότον λαχεῖν φασι Δευκαλίωνι Str.9.5.23.