ὅσιος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=α, ον, also ος, ον [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''831d, D.H.5.71:—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[hallowed]], i.e. [[sanctioned]] or [[allowed]] by the [[law]] of [[God]] or of [[nature]], δίκη Thgn.132; θοῖναι [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Prometheus Vinctus|Pr.]]''529 (lyr.); λουτρά [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1405 (anap.); καθαρμοί E.''Ba.''77 (lyr.); [[μέλος]] [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''898; <b class="b3">οὐχ ὅσιος</b> [[unhallowed]], [[ὕβρις]] E.''Ba.'' 374 (lyr.); [[ἔρως]] Id.''Hipp.''764 (lyr.); θυσίαι Id.''IT''465 (anap.).—The sense of [[ὅσιος]] often depends on its relation on the one hand to [[δίκαιος]] (sanctioned by [[human]] law), on the other to [[ἱερός]] ([[sacred]] to the gods):<br><span class="bld">1</span> opp. [[δίκαιος]], [[sanctioned by divine law]], [[hallowed]], [[holy]] ([[μόριον]] τοῦ δικαίου τὸ ὅσιον Pl.''Euthphr.''12d), δικαιότερον καὶ ὁσιώτερον καὶ πρὸς θεῶν καὶ πρὸς ἀνθρώπων Antipho 1.25; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους δίκαια καὶ τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς ὅ. Plb.22.10.8: hence, in a common antithesis, <b class="b3">τὰ δίκαια καὶ ὅσια</b> things of [[human]] and [[divine]] [[ordinance]], Pl. ''Plt.''301d, etc., cf. ''Euthphr.''6e; also ὅ. καὶ νόμιμα Ar.''Th.''676(lyr.); οὐ.. νόμιμον οὐδ' ὅ. ἂν εἴη [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''861d; <b class="b3">θεοὺς ὅσιόν τι δρᾶν</b> [[discharge]] a [[duty]] men owe the [[god]]s, E.''Supp.''40, cf. ''Hipp.''1081; [[τὸ ὅσιον]] = [[εὐσέβεια]], Pl.''Euthphr.''5d: in an [[imprecatory]] [[formula]], ἀποδοῦσι μὲν αὐτοῖς ὅσια ᾖ, μὴ ἀποδοῦσι δὲ ἀνόσια ''SIG''1199 ([[Cnidus]]), cf. [[ἀνοσία]] II; so <b class="b3">ὅσια καὶ ἐλεύθερα</b> ib.1180.6 (ibid.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> opp. [[ἱερός]], [[permitted]] or [[not forbidden]] by [[divine]] [[law]], [[profane]], <b class="b3">ἱερὰ καὶ ὅ.</b> things sacred and [[profane]], ἐς ὀλιγωρίαν ἐτράποντο καὶ ἱερῶν καὶ ὁσίων ὁμοίως Th.2.52, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 344a, ''Lg.''857b, etc.; <b class="b3">κοσμεῖν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τοῖς ἱεροῖς καὶ τοῖς ὁσίοις</b> with [[sacred]] and [[profane]] [[building]]s, Isoc.7.66; τῶν ἱερῶν μὲν χρημάτων τοὺς θεούς, τῶν ὁσίων δὲ τὴν πόλιν ἀποστερεῖ D.24.9; ἀργυρίου ὁσίου ''IG''12.186.13; ὁ ταμίας τῶν ὁ. προσόδων ''OGI''229.58 (Smyrna, iii B. C.); ὁ ταμίας τῶν ὁ. ''Supp.Epigr.''1.366.58 (Samos, iii B. C.); ὅσιον [[χωρίον]] = a [[lawful]] place (for giving [[birth]] to a [[child]]), Ar.''Lys.''743; [[ὅσιόν ἐστι]] followed by inf., [[it is lawful]], [[it is not forbidden by any law]], E.''IT''1045, etc.; [[οὐκ ὅσιόν ἐστι]] = [[nefas est]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.81; <b class="b3">οὐκ ὅσιον ποιεῦμαι</b> I [[deem]] it [[impious]], Id.2.170, cf. D.''Ep.''5.3; <b class="b3">οὐδὲ ὅσια</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἐστι]]).. [[μιαίνειν]] [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 416e; οὐ γάρ σοι θέμις οὐδ' ὅσιον.. ἱστάναι κτερίσματα S.''El.''432; ὅσια ποιέειν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]6.86.α'; λέγειν Id.9.79; φωνεῖν S.''Ph.''662; [[φρονεῖν]] E.''El.''1203 (lyr.).<br><span class="bld">II</span> of persons, [[pious]], [[devout]], [[religious]], ἄνδρες A.''Supp.''27 (anap.), cf. E.''Med.''850 (lyr.), etc.; Παλλάδος ὁσία [[πόλις]] Id.''El.''1320 (anap.); <b class="b3">ὅ. θιασῶται, μύσται</b>, Ar.''Ra.''327,336 (both lyr.); ἐμαυτὸν ὅσιον καὶ δίκαιον [[παρέχειν]] Antipho 2.2.2; ὅσιοι πρὸς οὐ δικαίους ἱστάμεθα Th.5.104; opp. [[ἀνόσιος]], [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''547; opp. [[ἐπίορκος]], X.''An.''2.6.25; <b class="b3">ὅσιος εἴς τινα, περὶ ξένους</b>, E.''Heracl.''719, ''Cyc.''125; πρὸς τοὺς τοκέας Gorg.6.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[sinless]], [[pure]], ἐξ ὁσίων στομάτων Emp.4.2; ὅσιος ἔστω καὶ [[εὐαγής]] Lex Solonis ap.And.1.96: c. gen., <b class="b3">ἱερῶν πατρῴων ὅσιος</b> [[in regard to]] the [[sacred]] [[rite]]s of his [[forefather]]s, A.''Th.''1015; ὅσιος ἀπ' εὐνᾶς [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Ion]]''150 (lyr.); also <b class="b3">ὅσιαι χέρες</b> [[pure]], [[clean]] [[hand]]s, A.''Ch.''378 (anap.), cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''470.<br><span class="bld">3</span> rarely of the gods, [[holy]], Orph.''H.''77.2; θεοῖς ὁ. καὶ δικαίοις ''CIG''3830 (Cotyaeum), cf. 3594 (Alexandria Troas).<br><span class="bld">4</span> title of [[five]] [[special]] [[priest]]s at [[Delphi]], Plu.2.292d, 365a.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[οἱ ὅσιοι]] = 'the [[saint]]s', [[LXX]] ''Ps.'' 29(30).4, al.<br><span class="bld">III</span> Adv. [[ὁσίως]] Antipho 2.4.12, etc.; [[ὁσίως]] οὔχ, ὑπ' ἀνάγκας δέ E.''Supp.''63 (lyr.); [[οὐχ ὁσίως]] Id.''Hipp.''1287 (anap.), cf. Th.2.5 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); καλῶς καὶ ὁ. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 113d; [[δικαίως]] καὶ [[ὁσίως]] Id.''R.''331a; ὁσίως καὶ κατὰ νόμον Id.''Lg.''799b; <b class="b3">ὁσίως ἂν ὑμῖν ἔχοι τοῦτον θύειν..</b> it would be [[right]] for you that he should... [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.5.26: c. part., <b class="b3">ὁ. ἂν ἔχοι αὐτῷ μὴ δεχομένῳ</b>.. Id.''HG''4.7.2: Comp. ὁσιώτερον E.''IT''1194, etc.: Sup., ὡς ὁσιώτατα [[διαβιῶναι]] τὸν βίον Pl.''Men.''81b, etc. (Not in Hom., who has only Subst. [[ὁσίη]], v. [[ὁσία]].)