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ἀρετή: Difference between revisions
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|Definition=[<b class="b3">ᾰ], ἡ,</b> <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">goodness, excellence</b>, of any kind, in Hom. esp. of <b class="b2">manly</b> qualities, ποδῶν ἀρετὴν ἀναφαίνων <span class="bibl">Il.20.411</span>; ἀμείνων παντοίας ἀρετὰς ἠμὲν πόδας ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι καὶ νόον <span class="bibl">15.642</span>; so of the gods, τῶν περ καὶ μείζων ἀ. τιμή τε βίη τε <span class="bibl">9.498</span>; also of women, <span class="bibl">Od.2.206</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. εἵνεκα</b> for <b class="b2">valour</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.92</span>: pl., <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀπεδείκνυντο</b> displayed <b class="b2">brave deeds</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.176</span>, <span class="bibl">9.40</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> later, of the gods, chiefly in pl., <b class="b2">glorious deeds, wonders, miracles</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>1172, <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.17</span>; ζῶσαι ἀ. <span class="title">IG</span>14.966, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Pet.</span>2.9</span>: also in sg., ὄψιν ἰδοῦσα ἀρετὴν τῆς θεοῦ <span class="title">IG</span>2.1426<b class="b2">b</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isyll. 62</span>, <span class="title">BSA</span>21.169,180. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> generally, <b class="b2">excellence</b>, ἡ ἀ. τελείωσίς τις <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Metaph.</span>1021b20</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1106a15</span>, etc.; of persons, ἄνδρα πὺξ ἀρετὰν εὑρόντα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.89</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.187</span>, <span class="bibl">B.9.13</span>, etc.; τὸ φρονεῖν ἀ. μεγίστη <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 112</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">forms of excellence</b>, μυρίαι ἀνδρῶν ἀ. <span class="bibl">B.13.8</span>, cf. Gorg. <span class="title">Fr.</span>8, etc.; δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18a</span>; esp. <b class="b2">moral virtue</b>, <span class="bibl">Democr. 179</span>, <span class="bibl">263</span>, al., Gorg.<span class="title">Fr.</span>6; opp. <b class="b3">κακία</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.21</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>500d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span> 963a</span>, <span class="bibl">963c</span> sq., <span class="bibl">D.60.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1102a6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1295a37</span>, etc.; <b class="b2">good nature, kindness</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>163</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of animals, things, as land, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.198</span>, <span class="bibl">7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐν ἀρετῇ κειμένη γῆ</b> <b class="b2">productive</b> land, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.165</span> (ii B. C.); ἵππου <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.88</span>; <b class="b3">κυνῶν, ἵππων</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>335b</span>; <b class="b3">σκεύους</b> ib.<span class="bibl">601d</span>; [<b class="b3">ἀστακοῦ</b>] <span class="bibl">Archestr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>24</span>; ἀ. βίου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>618c</span>; πολιτείας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>886b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">prosperity</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.45</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. εἴς τινα</b> <b class="b2">active merit, good service</b> done him, ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας <span class="bibl">Th.3.58</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.40</span>; ἀ. περί τινα <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>1.4.8</span>; ἀνταποδοῦναι ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.4.19</span>; ἀρετὰς παρασχέσθαι ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">D.19.312</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρετῆς ἕνεκα</b>, freq. in honorary Inscrr., <span class="title">IG</span>22.107.14, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">reward</b> of excellence, <b class="b2">distinction, fame</b>, πλούτῳ δ' ἀρετὴ καὶ κῦδος ὀπηδεῖ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>313</span>, cf. Sapph.80, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.53</span>, al.; ἀθάνατος ἀ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1420</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>208d</span>; ἃ ἆθλα τοῦ πολέμου τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐστίν, ἐλευθερία καὶ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Lycurg.49</span>; of God, δόξα καὶ ἀ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Pet.</span>1.3</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">glories</b>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.2</span>, al.; πλοῦτος ἀρεταῖς δεδαιδαλμένος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span> 2.53</span>; γενναίων ἀ. πόνων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>357</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.2.26</span>; προγόνων ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>618b</span>; in LXX freq. of the <b class="b2">praises</b> of God, <span class="bibl">Is.42.8</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">Ἀρετή</b> personified, <span class="bibl">Prodic.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>675</span>, <span class="bibl">Callix.2</span>, <span class="title">CIG</span>2786, <span class="title">SIG</span> 985.10, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ. σου</b> as a title, Your <b class="b2">worship</b>, PLips.13 ii 20, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> an <b class="b2">engine of war</b>, <span class="bibl">Ath.Mech.38.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> a <b class="b2">plaster</b>, Androm. ap. Gal.13.531.</span> | |Definition=[<b class="b3">ᾰ], ἡ,</b> <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">goodness, excellence</b>, of any kind, in Hom. esp. of <b class="b2">manly</b> qualities, ποδῶν ἀρετὴν ἀναφαίνων <span class="bibl">Il.20.411</span>; ἀμείνων παντοίας ἀρετὰς ἠμὲν πόδας ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι καὶ νόον <span class="bibl">15.642</span>; so of the gods, τῶν περ καὶ μείζων ἀ. τιμή τε βίη τε <span class="bibl">9.498</span>; also of women, <span class="bibl">Od.2.206</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. εἵνεκα</b> for <b class="b2">valour</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.92</span>: pl., <b class="b3">ἀ. ἀπεδείκνυντο</b> displayed <b class="b2">brave deeds</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.176</span>, <span class="bibl">9.40</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> later, of the gods, chiefly in pl., <b class="b2">glorious deeds, wonders, miracles</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>1172, <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.17</span>; ζῶσαι ἀ. <span class="title">IG</span>14.966, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Pet.</span>2.9</span>: also in sg., ὄψιν ἰδοῦσα ἀρετὴν τῆς θεοῦ <span class="title">IG</span>2.1426<b class="b2">b</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isyll. 62</span>, <span class="title">BSA</span>21.169,180. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> generally, <b class="b2">excellence</b>, ἡ ἀ. τελείωσίς τις <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Metaph.</span>1021b20</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1106a15</span>, etc.; of persons, ἄνδρα πὺξ ἀρετὰν εὑρόντα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.89</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.187</span>, <span class="bibl">B.9.13</span>, etc.; τὸ φρονεῖν ἀ. μεγίστη <span class="bibl">Heraclit. 112</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">forms of excellence</b>, μυρίαι ἀνδρῶν ἀ. <span class="bibl">B.13.8</span>, cf. Gorg. <span class="title">Fr.</span>8, etc.; δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>18a</span>; esp. <b class="b2">moral virtue</b>, <span class="bibl">Democr. 179</span>, <span class="bibl">263</span>, al., Gorg.<span class="title">Fr.</span>6; opp. <b class="b3">κακία</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.21</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>500d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span> 963a</span>, <span class="bibl">963c</span> sq., <span class="bibl">D.60.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1102a6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1295a37</span>, etc.; <b class="b2">good nature, kindness</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>163</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> of animals, things, as land, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.198</span>, <span class="bibl">7.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐν ἀρετῇ κειμένη γῆ</b> <b class="b2">productive</b> land, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.165</span> (ii B. C.); ἵππου <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.88</span>; <b class="b3">κυνῶν, ἵππων</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>335b</span>; <b class="b3">σκεύους</b> ib.<span class="bibl">601d</span>; [<b class="b3">ἀστακοῦ</b>] <span class="bibl">Archestr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>24</span>; ἀ. βίου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>618c</span>; πολιτείας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>886b</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">prosperity</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.45</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b3">ἀ. εἴς τινα</b> <b class="b2">active merit, good service</b> done him, ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας <span class="bibl">Th.3.58</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.40</span>; ἀ. περί τινα <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>1.4.8</span>; ἀνταποδοῦναι ἀ. <span class="bibl">Th.4.19</span>; ἀρετὰς παρασχέσθαι ὑπέρ τινος <span class="bibl">D.19.312</span>; <b class="b3">ἀρετῆς ἕνεκα</b>, freq. in honorary Inscrr., <span class="title">IG</span>22.107.14, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">reward</b> of excellence, <b class="b2">distinction, fame</b>, πλούτῳ δ' ἀρετὴ καὶ κῦδος ὀπηδεῖ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>313</span>, cf. Sapph.80, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.53</span>, al.; ἀθάνατος ἀ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1420</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>208d</span>; ἃ ἆθλα τοῦ πολέμου τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐστίν, ἐλευθερία καὶ ἀ. <span class="bibl">Lycurg.49</span>; of God, δόξα καὶ ἀ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Pet.</span>1.3</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">glories</b>, <span class="bibl">Thgn.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.2</span>, al.; πλοῦτος ἀρεταῖς δεδαιδαλμένος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span> 2.53</span>; γενναίων ἀ. πόνων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>357</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.2.26</span>; προγόνων ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>618b</span>; in LXX freq. of the <b class="b2">praises</b> of God, <span class="bibl">Is.42.8</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">Ἀρετή</b> personified, <span class="bibl">Prodic.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Fr.</span>675</span>, <span class="bibl">Callix.2</span>, <span class="title">CIG</span>2786, <span class="title">SIG</span> 985.10, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἀ. σου</b> as a title, Your <b class="b2">worship</b>, PLips.13 ii 20, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> an <b class="b2">engine of war</b>, <span class="bibl">Ath.Mech.38.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> a <b class="b2">plaster</b>, Androm. ap. Gal.13.531.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0349.png Seite 349]] (ἀρι –, [[ἀρείων]], [[ἄριστος]], [[Ἄρης]], vgl. ἀρεί. ων), ἡ, Tugend, nicht im christl., sondern im Griech. Sinne; Vortrefflichkeit, Güte, Vorzug, von Geist u. Leib. Hom. Od. 17, 322 ἥμισυ γάρ τ' ἀρετῆς ἀποαίνυται εὐρυόπα Ζεὺς ἀνέρος, εὖτ' ἄν μιν κατὰ δούλιον [[ἦμαρ]] ἕλῃσιν. In diesem Sinne Hom. öfters von den Heroen; Iliad. 13, 237 συμφερτὴ δ' ἀρετὴ πέλει ἀνδρῶν καὶ [[μάλα]] λυγρῶν, Zenodot u. Aristophanes Byz. συμφερτὸς δὲ βίη, Aristarch συμφερτὴ δ' [[ἀρετή]], s. Scholl. Nicanor. u. Didym.; die Götter haben [[ἀρετή]] Iliad. 9, 498, Pferde 23, 276 (vgl. Aristot. Eth. 2, 5 Xen. Hier. 2, 2), Penelope Od. 2, 206. 24, 197, die Füße eines Mannes Iliad. 20, 411; ὄφρ' ἀρετὴν παρέχωσι θεοὶ καὶ γούνατ' ὀρώρῃ Od. 18, 133; [[κρείσσων]] ἀρετῇ τε βίῃ τε Iliad. 23, 578; τῶν περ καὶ μείζων ἀρετὴ [[τιμή]] τε βίη τε 9, 498; ἐμὴν ἀρετὴν εἶδός τε [[δέμας]] τε ὤλεσαν ἀθάνατοι Od. 18, 251. 19, 124; ἀλλὰ καὶ [[ἔνθεν]] ἐμῇ ἀρετῇ βουλῇ τε νόῳ τε ἐκφύγομεν 12, 211; οὕτω γάρ κέν μοι ἐυκλείη τ' [[ἀρετή]] τε εἴη ἐπ' ἀνθρώπους 14, 402; auffallende Vbdg σὺν μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ ἐκτήσω ἄκοιτιν Od. 24, 193; Plural dreimal: πόσιν παντοίῃς ἀρετῇσι κεκασμένον Od. 4, 725. 815; τοῦ γένετ' ἐκ πατρὸς πολὺ χείρονος υἱὸς [[ἀμείνων]] παντοίας ἀρετάς, ἠμὲν πόδας ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι, καὶ νόον ἐνπρώτοισι Μυκηναίων ἐτέτυκτο Iliad. 15, 642. Auch bei Herod. Tapferkeit, Muth, 8, 92; ἀρετὰς ἀποδείκνυσθαι, Heldenthaten vollbringen, 1, 176. 9, 40; ἀρετὰς πράσσειν, Großthaten verrichten, Pind. I. 5, 11; vgl. Plat. Rep. X, 618 b; ἐπὶ γένεσι καὶ προγόνων ἀρεταῖς καὶ ῥώμῃ τῆς πόλεως Menex. 243 c; Xen. Cyr. 4. 1, 5, u. sonst auch Sp. Vorzüglichkeit, Trefflichkeit, χώρη ἀρετὴν ἄκρη Her. 7, 5, wie γῆς Thuc. 1, 2; Plat. Critia 110 e 117 b u. Sp., wie Pol. 2, 15, 1 u. öfter; ἅρματος Xen. Hier. 11, 5; σώματος [[ἀρετή]], [[ὑγίεια]] Plat. Gorg. 479 b; Arist. rhet. 1, 3; Schönheit, Xen. Cyr. 5, 1, 4; ὀφθαλμῶν, ὤτων Plat. Rep. 1, 353 b; ἑκἀστου σκεύους καὶ ζώου X, 601 d; κυνῶν, ἵππων I, 335 b u. sonst. Bei den Att. wird aber die moralische Bedeutung, Tugend, vorherrschend, u. bleibt es bei den Spätern; bes. Tüchtigkeit des Sinnes u. des Handelns vereinigt. Dah. geistiger Vorzug, ἀρεταί, vortreffliche Eigenschaften übh.; Plat. spricht auch von ἀρετὴ τεκτονική, πολιτική, Kunst u. Fertigkeit, Prot. 322 d; κυβερνητική Alc. I, 135 a; δικαστοῦ Apol. 18 a. d. i. die Pflicht. Bei Thuc. 3, 58 ἡ ἀρετὴ ἡ ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας, Verdienst; ebenso ἡ περὶ ἐμὲ [[ἀρετή]] Xen. An. 1, 4, 8; ἀρετῆς καὶ δόξης [[λόγος]] Dem. 19, 142; Auszeichnung, φέρει εἰς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀρετήν Thuc. 1, 38; Harpocr. erkl. dah. [[εὐδοξία]]; vgl. B. A. 443 u. Soph. Phil. 1420 ἀθάνατον ἀρετὴν ἔσχον. | |||
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