γένος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=γένεος or γένους, τό,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[race]], [[stock]], [[kin]], ἀμφοτέροισιν ὁμὸν γένος ἠδ' ἴα πάτρη Il.13.354; αἷμά τε καὶ γένος Od.8.583; ὑμετέρου δ' οὐκ ἔστι γένεος βασιλεύτερον 15.533; γένος πατέρων αἰσχυνέμεν Il.6.209; γ. ἀπόλωλε τοκήων Od.4.62; ὅθι τοι γένος ἐστὶ καὶ αὐτῇ 6.35: freq. abs. in acc., <b class="b3">ἐξ Ἰθάκης γένος εἰμί</b> from [[Ithaca]] I am by [[race]], 15.267, cf. Il. 5.544,896, S.''Ph.''239, etc.; in Att. freq. with the Art., ποδαπὸς τὸ γένος εἶ; Ar.''Pax''186, cf. Pl.''Sph.''216a: so in dat., γένει πολῖται D.23.24; [[γένει υἱός]], opp. an [[adopted son]], Id.44.2; [[οἱ ἐν γένει]] = [[συγγενεῖς]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1430; οἱ ἔξω γένους Id.''Ant.''660; οὐδὲν ἐν γένει Id.''OT''1016; γένει προσήκειν τινί X.''An.''1.6.1; γένει ἀπωτέρω εἶναι D. 44.13: in gen., <b class="b3">γένους εἶναί τινος</b> to be of his [[race]], ἄναγνος καὶ γένους τοῦ Λαΐου [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1383, cf. X.''HG''4.2.9; <b class="b3">ἐγγυτέρω γένους, ἐγγύτατα γένους</b>, [[nearer]], [[next of kin]], Is.8.33, A.''Supp.''388.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[direct descent]], opp. [[collateral relationship]], γένος γάρ, ἀλλ' οὐχὶ συγγένεια Is.8.33; <b class="b3">αἱ κατὰ γένος βασιλεῖαι</b> [[hereditary]] monarchies, Arist.''Pol.''1285a16, 1313a10.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[offspring]], even of a [[single]] [[descendant]], σὸν γένος Il.19.124, 21.186; ἡ δ' ἄρ' ἔην θεῖον γένος οὐδ' ἀνθρώπων 6.180; ἁμὸν Οἰδίπου γένος A. ''Th.''654; <b class="b3">Διὸς γένος</b>, of [[Bacchus]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''1117 (lyr.); Τέκμησσα, δύσμορον γένος Id.''Aj.''784.<br><span class="bld">2</span> collectively, [[offspring]], [[posterity]], ἐκεῖνοι καὶ τὸ γένος τὸ ἀπ' ἐκείνων Th.1.126; ἐξώλη ποιεῖν αὐτὸν καὶ γένος καὶ οἰκίαν D.19.71.<br><span class="bld">III</span> generally, [[race]], of beings, θεῶν Ar.''Th.''960; ἡμιθέων γένος ἀνδρῶν Il.12.23; <b class="b3">ἡμιόνων γένος, βοῶν γένος</b>, Il.2.852, Od.20.212; <b class="b3">ἵππειον γένος</b>, i.e. [[mule]]s, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''342; ἰχθύων πλωτὸν γένος Id.''Fr.''941.9.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[clan]], [[house]], [[family]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.125, etc.; <b class="b3">Φρὺξ μὲν γενεῇ, γένεος δὲ τοῦ βασιληΐου</b> ib.35; <b class="b3">τοὺς ἀπὸ γένους</b> = men [[of noble family]], Plu.''Rom.''21; ἱερεὺς κατὰ γένος ''IG'' 5(1).497, al.; also <b class="b3">ἱέρεια ἀπὸ γένους, διὰ γένους</b>, ib.607.29,602; esp. at Athens and elsewhere as a subdivision of the [[φρατρία]], Arist.''Ath. Fr.''3, Pl.''Alc.''1.120e, etc.; = Lat. [[gens]], [[Diodorus Siculus|D.S.]]4.21, Plu.''Num.''1.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[tribe]], as a [[subdivision]] of [[ἔθνος]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 1.56,101.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[caste]], Id.2.164.<br><span class="bld">e</span> of animals, [[breed]], Id.4.29.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[age]], [[generation]], Od.3.245; <b class="b3">γένος χρύσεον</b>, etc., Hes.''Op.''109: hence, [[age]], [[time of life]], γένει [[ὕστερος]] Il.3.215, cf. Arist.''Rh.''1408a27.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[sex]], Epich.172.1, Pl.''Smp.''189d; [[gender]], Arist.''Rh.''1407b7, Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.214, etc.<br><span class="bld">V</span> [[class]], [[sort]], [[kind]], τὰ γένη τῶν κυνῶν ἐστι δισσά [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cynegeticus|Cyn.]]''3.1; τὸ φιλόσοφον γένος Pl. ''R.''501e; τὸ τῶν γεωργῶν [γένος] Id.''Ti.''17c, cf. ''R.'' 434b, Arist.''Pol.''1329a27; τῶν ἰχθυοπωλῶν γένος Xenarch.7.4; τὸ τῶν παρασίτων γένος Nicol. Com.1.1, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in Logic, opp. [[εἶδος]] ([[species]]), Pl.''Prm.''129c, al., Arist.''Top.''102a31, 102b12, al.; τὰ γένη εἰς εἴδη πλείω καὶ διαφέροντα διαιρεῖται Id.''Metaph.''1059b36.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in the animal kingdom, <b class="b3">τὰ μέγιστα γένη</b> = the modern [[class]]es, such as birds, fishes, Id.''HA''490b7, cf. 505b26; so in the vegetable kingdom, <b class="b3">γένη τὰ μέγιστα</b>, = [[σιτώδη]], [[χεδροπά]] and [[ἀνώνυμα]], Thphr.''HP''8.1.1.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[genus]], <b class="b3">τὸ τῶν καρκίνων γένος, τὸ τῶν περιστερῶν γένος</b>, etc., [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''487b17, 488a4; τῶν δένδρων καὶ τῶν φυτῶν εἴδη πλείω τυγχάνει καθ' ἕκαστον γένος Thphr.''HP''1.14.3; τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους [πίτυς] καὶ πεύκη Dsc. 1.69, al.<br><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">γένος τι</b> a [[species]] of plant, Thphr.''HP''4.8.13; so later, [[γένη]], = [[crop]]s, ἄλλοις γένεσι τοῖς πρὸς πυρὸν διοικουμένοις ''PTeb.''66.43, al. (ii B. C.); οἷς ἐὰν αἱρῶμαι γένεσι πλὴν κνήκου ''PAmh.''2.91.15 (ii A. D.); [[produce]], POxy.727.20 (ii A. D.); [[materials]], ib.54.16 (iii A. D.); [[ἐν γένεσιν]] = [[in kind]], opp. [[ἐν ἀργυρίῳ]] = [[in money]], ''PFay.''21.10 (ii A. D.).<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">τὰ γένη</b> the [[element]]s, Pl.''Ti.''54b. (Cf. Skt. jánas, gen. jánasas; Lat. [[genus]], [[generis]], v. [[γίγνομαι]].)