πεῖρα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[test]], [[research]], [[experience]] (Alcm., Thgn., Pi., IA.).<br />Compounds: As 2. member a.o. in <b class="b3">ἔμ-πειρος</b> (s.v.); with <b class="b2">ā-</b>stem (cf. Schwyzer 451) in <b class="b3">ἱππο-πείρης</b> m. [[horse specialist]] (Anacr. 75, 6), <b class="b3">μονο-πεῖραι</b> ([[λύκοι]]) [[hunting alone]] (Arist., Men.), the last referring to [[πειράομαι]] (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 101 f.); <b class="b3">ἀ-πείρων</b> [[unexperienced]] (S.) for usually <b class="b3">ἄ-πειρος</b> after [[ἀπείρων]] from [[πεῖραρ]] (s. v.) ? Backformations like <b class="b3">ἀνά-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπό-</b>, <b class="b3">διά-πειρα</b> (Pi., IA.) from <b class="b3">ἀνα-πειράομαι</b> etc. On [[ταλαπείριος]] s. v.<br />Derivatives: Three denominatives: 1. [[πειράομαι]], more rare <b class="b3">-άω</b>, often w. prefix like <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, [[to tempt]], [[to put to the test]], [[to try]] (Il.). From it <b class="b3">πειρα-τής</b> m. [[pirate]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">-τικός</b> [[belonging to pirates]] (Str., Ph.), <b class="b3">-τεύω</b> [[to act like a pirate]] (LXX); [[πειρατήριον]], Ion. <b class="b3">-ητ-</b> n. <b class="b2">(juridical) trial</b> (Hp., E.). [[gang of pirates]], [[pirates]] nest' (LXX, Str.), [[πειρητήριος]] [[exploring]], [[trying]] (Hp.); [[πείρασις]] f. [[temptation]], [[assault]] (Th., D. C.; can also belong to 2.). -- 2. [[πειράζω]], Aor. <b class="b3">-άσαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ασθῆναι</b> (Od., Arist., hell.), Cret. fut. [[πειράξω]], <b class="b3">κατα-πειράσω</b> Lys., also w. <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b> a.o., [[to tempt]], [[to put to the test]], [[to assault]]. From there <b class="b3">πειρ-ασμός</b> m. [[temptation]] (LXX, NT), <b class="b3">-αστής</b> m. [[tempter]] (Ammon. Gramm.), <b class="b3">-αστικός</b> [[belonging to]], [[fit for tempting]], [[trying]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">ἀ-πείρασ-τος</b> [[unexperienced]], [[untempted]] (hell.); to [[πείρασις]] s. on [[πειράομαι]]. -- 3. <b class="b3">πειρη-τίζω</b> (only presentst.) [[to tempt]], [[to explore]], [[to assault]] (Il.; on the fomation Schwyzer 706).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [818] <b class="b2">*per-</b> [[try]]<br />Etymology: Formed like [[στεῖρα]], [[σπεῖρα]], [[μοῖρα]] etc., so < <b class="b3">*πέρ-ι̯α</b> (Aeol. [[πέρρα]] after Choerob. An. Ox. 2, 252), ι̯<b class="b3">α-</b>deriv. from a basis of unknown function (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Form. 98 f.). Backformation from [[πειράομαι]] (Sommer Nominalkomp. 118 as alternative) is certainly possible, but the formation of the verb then remains unclear. -- Certain cognates presents only Latin in [[perī-tus]] [[experience]], [[perī-culum]] [[attempt]], [[danger]], [[proces]], [[ex-perior]], <b class="b2">-īrī</b> [[try]], [[put to the test]], of which the <b class="b2">ī-</b>element seems to be connected with the Greek suffix. Arm. [[p]][[orj]] [[attempt]], if with Meillet BSL 36, 110 to be connected, must represent an aspirated (expressive) anlaut. Further uncertain or improbable connections with Celt. and Germ. in WP. 2, 28f., Pok. 818, W.-Hofmann s. [[perIculum]]. Connection with the great group of [[πείρω]], [[περάω]] (s. vv.) is very probable.