εἶμι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="bld">A</span>2sg. εἶ S. ''Tr.''83, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''990, Ep. and Ion. [[εἶς]] Hes.''Op.'' 208, εἶσθα Il. 10.450, Od.19.69; 3sg. [[εἶσι]]; pl. [[ἴμεν]], [[ἴτε]], ἴᾱσι: imper. [[ἴθι]] (also [[εἶ]] in the compd. ἔξει Ar.''Nu.''633 acc. to Sch., but prob. indic.), 3pl. ἴτωσαν E.''IT''1480, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''765a, also [[ἴτων]] A.''Eu.''32, ἰόντων Th.4.118, etc.: subj. [[ἴω]] (εἴω Sophr.48); Ep. 2sg. ἴῃσθα Il.10.67; Ep. 3sg. ἴῃσι 9.701; Ep. pl. [[ἴομεν]] (for -ωμεν) 2.440: opt. [[ἴοιμι]], [[οις]], [[οι]], 14.21, etc.; ἰοίην Sapph.159, ''IG''4.760 (Troezen), X.''Smp.''4.16, (διεξ-) Isoc.5.98; Ep. [[ἰείη]] Il.19.209, cf. περι-ιεῖεν ''IG''22.1126.18 (Amphict. Delph.), εἴη Il.24.139, Od.14.496, εἴηι ''GDI''4986.7 (Crete): inf. [[ἰέναι]], Ep. [[ἴμεναι]] (ι in Il.20.365) or [[ἴμεν]], also [[ἰέμεν]] Archyt. ap. Stob.3.1.106 (dub. l.), ἴναι [ῐ] Orac. ap. Str.9.2.23, ([[ἐξ]]-) Machoap.Ath.13.580c, cf. ''EM''467.18 (<b class="b3">προσ-εῖναι</b> dub. in Hes. ''Op.''353): part. [[ἰών]], [[ἰοῦσα]], [[ἰόν]]: impf. [[ᾔειν]], [[ᾔεις]] (δι-ῄεισθα Pl.''Ti.''26c, ἐπεξ-ῄεισθα ''Euthphr.''4b), [[ᾔει]] or -ειν Id.''Ti.'' 38c, ''Criti.''117e; Ep. and Ion. [[ἤϊα]], 3sg. [[ἤϊε]] (-εν), contr. ᾖε Od.18.257; dual ᾔτην Pl.''Euthd.''294d; ''1'' and 2pl., [[ᾖμεν]], [[ᾖτε]]; 3pl., Ep. and Ion. [[ἤϊσαν]], Ep. also [[ἴσαν]], Att. [[ᾖσαν]] (μετ-) [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''605, cf. ''Fr.''161, (ἐπ-) Od.19.445, later [[ᾔεσαν]] (εἰσ-) Arist.''Ath.''32.1, etc.; also 3sg. ἴε Il.2.872, al.; Ep. 1pl. ᾔομεν Od.10.251, al., 3dual ἴτην Il.1.347; 3pl. ἤϊον Od.23.370:—Med. pres. and impf. [[ἴεμαι]], [[ἰέμην]] are mere mistakes for [[ἵεμαι]], [[ἱέμην]] (from [[ἵημι]]), cf. [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1242, [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Supplices|Supp.]]''698:—for fut. εἴσομαι and aor. Med. [[εἰσάμην]], in 3sg. [[εἴσατο]], [[ἐείσατο]], 3dual [[ἐεισάσθην]], v. [[εἴσομαι]] ''ΙΙ''.—The ind. [[εἶμι]] usually has pres. sense in Hom. (fut., Il.1.426, 18.280), but in Ion. Prose and Att. it serves as fut. to [[ἔρχομαι]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), I [[shall go]], [[shall come]]: the pres. sense is sometimes found in Poetry, [[proverb|prov.]] <b class="b3">αὐτόματοι δ' ἀγαθοὶ ἀγαθῶν ἐπὶ δαῖτας ἴασι</b> (cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 174b), cf. Theoc.25.90, also in compounds (προς-) A.''Eu.''242, ([[ἐπ]]-) Th.4.61, (συν-) Str.3.2.2. [ῐ- in all tenses, exc. in Ep. Subj. [[ἴομεν]] for [[ἴωμεν]] at the beginning of a verse]:—[[come]] or [[go]], the special senses being given by the context, <b class="b3">οἴκαδ' ἴμεν</b> [[go]] home, Il.17.155; τάχ' εἶσθα θύραζε Od.19.69, etc.; [[come]], οὐδέ μιν οἴω νῦν ἰέναι Il.17.710, etc.; [[go]], [[depart]], Od.2.367; ὑπὸ τεῖχος ἰόντας Il.12.264.<br><span class="bld">II</span> c.acc.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> c. acc. loci, [[go to]] or [[go into]], Od.1.176, 18.194, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''637.<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">ὁδὸν ἰέναι</b> [[go]] a road, Od.10.103; so <b class="b3">τὴν ὀρεινήν</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ὁδόν]]) [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]'' 2.4.22: metaph., ἄδικον ὁδὸν ἰέναι Th.3.64.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[go through]] or [[go over]], <b class="b3">τὸ μέσον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ</b>, of the sun, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.25, cf. 26: in Hom., freq. c. gen., <b class="b3">ἰὼν πεδίοιο</b> [[going across]] the [[plain]], Il.5.597.<br><span class="bld">III</span> c. inf. aor., ἀλλά τις εἴη εἰπεῖν Ἀτρεΐδῃ Od.14.496.—On the Homeric <b class="b3">βῆ δ' ἴμεν</b>, etc., v. [[βαίνω]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> c. part. fut., <b class="b3">Ἑλένην καλέουσ' ἴε</b> [[went]] to [[call]] her, Il.3.383, cf. 14.200, Od.15.213; <b class="b3">ἤϊα λέξων</b> I was [[go]]ing to [[tell]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]4.82; ἴτω θύσων [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''909d; εἴ τις ἱστορίαν γράψων ἴῃ Luc. ''Hist.Conscr.''39.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> also of other motions besides walking or running, as of [[going in a ship]], esp. ἐπὶ νηὸς ἰέναι Od.2.332, etc.; of the [[flight]] of bees, Il.2.87.<br><span class="bld">2</span> of the [[motion]] of things, [πέλεκυς] εἶσιν διὰ δουρός the axe [[go]]es through the [[beam]], 3.61; of clouds or vapour, 4.278; of the stars, 22.317; of time, <b class="b3">ἔτος εἶσι</b> the year will [[pass]], Od. 2.89; <b class="b3">φάτις εἶσι</b> the report [[goes]], 23.362; χρόνος… ἰὼν πόρσω Pi.''O.''10 (''ΙΙ'').55; <b class="b3">ἴτω κλαγγά, βοά</b>, S.''Tr.''208 (lyr.), [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''857 (lyr.); ἡ μοῖρ' ὅποιπερ εἶσ' ἴτω [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1458, cf.Pl.''Ap.''19a.<br><span class="bld">V</span> metaph. usages, [[ἰέναι ἐς λόγους τινί]] to [[enter on a conference with]]... Th.3.80, etc.; <b class="b3">ἰέναι ἐς τοὺς πολέμους, ἐς τὴν ξυμμαχίαν</b>, Id.1.78, 5.30; [[ἰέναι ἐς χεῖρας]] to [[come to blows]], Id.2.3, 81; <b class="b3">ἰέναι ἐς τὰ παραγγελλόμενα</b> to [[obey orders]], Id.1.121; διὰ δίκης ἰὼν πατρί [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''742; <b class="b3">ἰέναι διὰ μάχης, διὰ φιλίας</b>, etc., v. [[διά]] A.IV.b.<br><span class="bld">VI</span> imper. [[ἴθι]] (with or without [[δή]]) [[come now]]! mostly followed by 2sg. imper., ἴ. ἐξήγεο [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.72; <b class="b3">ἴθ' ἐγκόνει, ἴθ' ἐκκάλυψον</b>, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''988, 1003; ἴ. πέραινε Ar.''Ra.''1170; in full, <b class="b3">ἴ. καὶ πειρῶ</b> [[go]] and try, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.57: with 1pl., ἴ. οὖν ἐπισκεψώμεθα [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.6.4, cf. Pl. ''Prt.''332d; ἴτε δὴ ἀκούσωμεν Id.''Lg.''797d: 2dual, ἴθι δὴ παρίστασθον Ar.''Ra.''1378: also 2pl., ἴτε νεύσατε [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''248, cf. ''OT''1413.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ἴτω]] [[let it pass]], [[well then]], Id.''Ph.''120, [[Euripides|E.]], ''[[Medea|Med.]]'' 798.<br><span class="bld">VII</span> part. added to Verbs, <b class="b3">φρονείτω μεῖζον ἢ κατ' ἄνδρ' ἰών</b> let him [[go and]] think... [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''768, cf. ''OC''1393, ''Aj.''304; βακχεύσεις ἰών E.''Ba.''343.—Cf. [[ἴσκω]].