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|Definition=(A), Ep. also ἠέ (in signf. A.11 <b class="b3">ἤ</b> (or <b class="b3">ἠέ</b>) folld. by <b class="b3">ἦ</b> (or <b class="b3">ἦε</b>), v. infr.), Conj. with two chief senses, Disj. (<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">or</b>) and Comp. (<b class="b2">than</b>). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> DISJUNCTIVE, <b class="b2">or</b>, ἐγὼ . . ἢ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν <span class="bibl">Il.2.231</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">397</span>,<span class="bibl">800</span>, <span class="bibl">4.142</span>, <span class="bibl">7.236</span>, al.; θεόσυτος ἢ βρότειος ἢ κεκραμένη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>116</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἢ . . ἤ</b> <b class="b2">either . . or</b>, ἢ νῦν δηθύνοντ' ἢ ὕστερον αὖτις ἰόντα <span class="bibl">Il.1.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">151</span>, <span class="bibl">5.484</span>, etc.; so ἢ . . ἤτοι . . <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>138</span>; ἤτοι . . ἤ . . <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>662</span>, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>1182</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.40</span>, etc. (in Classical Gr. the alternative introduced by <b class="b3">ἤτοι</b> is emphasized, later no distn. is implied, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>6.16</span>; ἤτοι . . ἢ . . ἤ . . <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.59</span>(ii B.C.)); <b class="b3">ἤ</b> repeated any number of times, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας ἢ Ὀδυσῆος <span class="bibl">Il.1.138</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.15.84</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>707</span>; <b class="b3">ἤ</b> is prob. wrongly accented in codd. of <span class="bibl">Il.2.289</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.348</span>, <span class="bibl">19.109</span>, v. [[ἦ]] Adv.<span class="bibl">1.3</span>: ἢ πόλις βροτός θ' ὁμοίως <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>524</span>(lyr.) is exceptional. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">or else, otherwise</b>, εἰδέναι δεῖ περὶ οὗ ἂν ᾖ ἡ βουλή, ἢ παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>237c</span>; μή με λυπεῖτε, ἢ φεύξομ' ἐκ τῆς οἰκίης <span class="bibl">Herod.5.74</span>; <b class="b3">ζῶντα κακῶς λέγειν ἐκώλυσε... ἢ τρεῖς δραχμὰς ἀποτίνειν ἔταξε</b> Lex Sol. ap. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Sol.</span>21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.94.10, <span class="bibl">Them.<span class="title">Or.</span>21.260a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> in Questions or Deliberations in Disj. form(the accentuation is <b class="b3">ἢ</b> (ἠέ) folld. by <b class="b3">ἦ</b> (ἦε), Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">2.24</span>, al., <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Conj.</span>224.28</span>): </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> Direct questions, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> introduced by <b class="b3">ἢ (ἠέ), ἢ δολιχὴ νοῦσος ἦ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα . . κατέπεφνεν</b>; <span class="bibl">Od.11.172</span>; <b class="b3">ἤ τι κατὰ πρῆξιν ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε . .</b>; <span class="bibl">3.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.408</span>, <span class="bibl">16.462</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.378</span>, <span class="bibl">15.735</span>, <span class="bibl">16.12</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> without an introductory Particle, <b class="b3">θεός νύ τις ἦ βροτός ἐσσι</b>; art thou a goddess <b class="b2">or</b> a mortal? <span class="bibl">Od.6.149</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.226</span>, <span class="bibl">4.314</span>,<span class="bibl">372</span>,<span class="bibl">643</span>, <span class="bibl">20.130</span>, <span class="bibl">21.194</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.10.63</span>,<span class="bibl">425</span>,<span class="bibl">534</span>, <span class="bibl">15.203</span>: accented <b class="b3">ἦ</b>, Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.145</span>, al., but <b class="b3">ἤ</b> freq. in codd. of Hom. and always in codd. of later writers: <b class="b3">ἤκουσας ἢ οὐκ ἤκουσας ἢ κωφῇ λέγω</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>202</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρτι δὲ ἥκεις ἢ πάλαι</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>43a</span>; <b class="b3">κακουργεῖν δεῖ ἢ οὔ</b>; ib.<span class="bibl">49c</span>; preceded by <b class="b3">πότερον, πότερον δοκεῖ σοι κάκιον εἶναι, τὸ ἀδικεῖν ἢ τὸ ἀδικεῖσθαι</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>474c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> Indirect questions, freq. epexegetic of a preceding question and identical in form with direct questions. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> εἴπ' ἄγε, . . ἤ ῥ' ἐθέλει... ἦ ἀπέειπε . . <span class="bibl">Il.9.674</span>; ὄφρα δαῶμεν ἢ ἐτεὸν Κάλχας μαντεύεται ἦε καὶ οὐκί <span class="bibl">2.300</span>; διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν ἢ ὅ γε . . ἐναρίζοι ἦε χόλον παύσειεν <span class="bibl">1.190</span>; later with εἰ . . ἤ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>890</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>478</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>80</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πότερον</b> or πότερα . . ἤ . . Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>148, 352, <span class="title">Ag.</span>630, etc.; sts. εἴτε . . ἤ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>897</span>; ἢ . . εἴτε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 177</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> without introductory Particle, οὐδέ τι οἶδα ζώει ὅ γ' ἦ τέθνηκε <span class="bibl">Od.11.464</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.10.546</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.238</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> COMPARATIVE, <b class="b2">than, as</b>, after a Comp., <span class="bibl">Il.11.162</span>, etc.: after positive Adjs. which imply comparison, <b class="b3">ἄλλος, ἕτερος ἤ . .</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>595</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>835</span>(lyr.); ἐναντίος ἤ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>481c</span>; <b class="b3">ἴδιόν τι πάσχειν πάθος ἢ οἱ ἄλλοι</b> ibid.: after Advbs. or adverbial phrases, <b class="b3">πλήν, πρίν, πρόσθεν, χωρίς</b> (qq. v.), <b class="b3">ἀλλά</b> (v. <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἤ</b>) ; τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἤ . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cri.</span>44a</span> (f.l. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>173a</span>); ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ καὶ δεκάτῳ ϝέτει ἀπὸ τῶ ποτεχεῖ ϝέτεος ἢ Ἀριστίων ἐφορεύει <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.121; παρὰ δόξαν ἢ ὡς αὐτὸς κατεδόκεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.79</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.4</span>; διαφερόντως ἤ . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>85b</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδ' ὅσον ἤ . .</b> not so much <b class="b2">as . .</b>, not more <b class="b2">than . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.9.21</span>: after Verbs implying comparison, <b class="b3">βούλεσθαι ἤ . .</b> to wish <b class="b2">rather than . .</b>, v. [[βούλομαι]] IV, αἱρέω <span class="bibl">B. 11.1b</span>; so <b class="b3">φθάνειν ἤ . .</b> to come sooner <b class="b2">than . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.23.445</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.11.58</span>; ἐπιθυμεῖν ἤ . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.3</span>; δέχεσθαι ἤ . . <span class="bibl">Lys.10.21</span>: less freq. after a word not implying comparison, <b class="b3">δίκαιον ἡμέας ἔχειν . .</b>(sc. <b class="b3">μᾶλλον</b>) ἤ περ Ἀθηναίους <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.26</span>; ἐμοὶ πικρὸς . . ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>966</span>(s.v.l.); δεδικαιωμένος ἢ ἐκεῖνος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>18.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> joining two Comparatives which refer to the same subject, πάντες κ' ἀρησαίατ' ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι ἢ ἀφνειότεροι <span class="bibl">Od.1.165</span>; ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.65</span>; μανικώτεροι ἢ ἀνδρειότεροι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>144b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1078</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> rarely after a Sup., πλεῖστα θωμάσια ἔχει Αἴγυπτος ἢ ἄλλη πᾶσα χώρη <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.35</span> (s.v.l.); πίθοιτό κεν ὔμμι μάλιστα ἢ ἐμοί <span class="bibl">A.R.3.91</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἢ οὐ</b> is used when a neg. precedes, οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον ἐπ' ἡμέας ἢ οὐ καὶ ἐπ' ὑμέας <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.118</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">5.94</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.62</span>, etc.: after an implied neg., ὠμὸν . . πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους <span class="bibl">Id.3.36</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> freq. omitted with numerals after <b class="b3">πλείων, ἐλάττων, μείων, ἔτη . . πλείω ἑβδομήκοντα</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17d</span>; οὐ μεῖον πεντακοσίους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.24</span>: sts. with an inf. or conditional clause, τί γὰρ ἀνδρὶ κακὸν μεῖζον ἁμαρτεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 879</span>; <b class="b3">τίς εὐπραξία σπανιωτέρα... εἰ [δύναμις] πάρεστιν</b> (for <b class="b3">ἢ δύναμιν παρεῖναι</b>); <span class="bibl">Th.1.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> pleon. with a gen., τίς ἂν αἰσχίων εἴη ταύτης δόξα, ἢ δοκεῖν . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>44c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.10.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> the Disj. and Comp. uses are found together in <span class="bibl">Il.15.511</span> <b class="b3">βέλτερον, ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἕνα χρόνον ἠὲ βιῶναι, ἢ δηθὰ στρεύγεσθαι ἐν αἰνῆ δηϊοτῆτι</b> better, <b class="b2">either</b> to die once for all <b class="b2">or</b> win life, <b class="b2">than</b> long to toil in battle. [<b class="b3">ἢ οὐ, ἢ οὐκ</b> combine by Synizesis into one syll. in Trag. and Com., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>330</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>334</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>128</span>; so usually in Ep., <span class="bibl">Od.1.298</span>, al.; ἢ αὐτός <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>194</span>; ἢ εἰ <span class="bibl">Alex.201</span>.]</span><br /><span class="bld">ἤ</span> (B), an exclamation expressing disapproval, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> ἢ ἢ σιώπα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 105</span>; <b class="b3">ἢ ἤ· τί δρᾶς</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>906</span>(lyr.), cf. Suid. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> to call attention, <b class="b3">ποῦ Ξανθίας; ἢ Ξανθία</b> where's Xanthias? <b class="b2">hi</b>, Xanthias! <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>271</span>.</span><br /><span class="bld">ἤ</span> (or ἦ) (C), Cypr. for <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">if</b>, Inscr.Cypr.135.6H. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> Cret. for <b class="b2">when, after</b>, <b class="b3">ἤ κ' ἀποστᾷ μωλῆν</b> <b class="b2">after</b> retiring, he shall take proceedings, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.52; <b class="b3">ἐν ταῖς τριάκοντα ἤ κα ϝείποντι</b> within 30 days <b class="b2">from the time of</b> their proclamation, ib.8.18.</span> | |Definition=(A), Ep. also ἠέ (in signf. A.11 <b class="b3">ἤ</b> (or <b class="b3">ἠέ</b>) folld. by <b class="b3">ἦ</b> (or <b class="b3">ἦε</b>), v. infr.), Conj. with two chief senses, Disj. (<span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">or</b>) and Comp. (<b class="b2">than</b>). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> DISJUNCTIVE, <b class="b2">or</b>, ἐγὼ . . ἢ ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν <span class="bibl">Il.2.231</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">397</span>,<span class="bibl">800</span>, <span class="bibl">4.142</span>, <span class="bibl">7.236</span>, al.; θεόσυτος ἢ βρότειος ἢ κεκραμένη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>116</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἢ . . ἤ</b> <b class="b2">either . . or</b>, ἢ νῦν δηθύνοντ' ἢ ὕστερον αὖτις ἰόντα <span class="bibl">Il.1.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">151</span>, <span class="bibl">5.484</span>, etc.; so ἢ . . ἤτοι . . <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>6.4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>138</span>; ἤτοι . . ἤ . . <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>662</span>, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ant.</span>1182</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.40</span>, etc. (in Classical Gr. the alternative introduced by <b class="b3">ἤτοι</b> is emphasized, later no distn. is implied, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>6.16</span>; ἤτοι . . ἢ . . ἤ . . <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.59</span>(ii B.C.)); <b class="b3">ἤ</b> repeated any number of times, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας ἢ Ὀδυσῆος <span class="bibl">Il.1.138</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.15.84</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>707</span>; <b class="b3">ἤ</b> is prob. wrongly accented in codd. of <span class="bibl">Il.2.289</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.348</span>, <span class="bibl">19.109</span>, v. [[ἦ]] Adv.<span class="bibl">1.3</span>: ἢ πόλις βροτός θ' ὁμοίως <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>524</span>(lyr.) is exceptional. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">or else, otherwise</b>, εἰδέναι δεῖ περὶ οὗ ἂν ᾖ ἡ βουλή, ἢ παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν ἀνάγκη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>237c</span>; μή με λυπεῖτε, ἢ φεύξομ' ἐκ τῆς οἰκίης <span class="bibl">Herod.5.74</span>; <b class="b3">ζῶντα κακῶς λέγειν ἐκώλυσε... ἢ τρεῖς δραχμὰς ἀποτίνειν ἔταξε</b> Lex Sol. ap. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Sol.</span>21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.94.10, <span class="bibl">Them.<span class="title">Or.</span>21.260a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> in Questions or Deliberations in Disj. form(the accentuation is <b class="b3">ἢ</b> (ἠέ) folld. by <b class="b3">ἦ</b> (ἦε), Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">2.24</span>, al., <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Conj.</span>224.28</span>): </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> Direct questions, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> introduced by <b class="b3">ἢ (ἠέ), ἢ δολιχὴ νοῦσος ἦ Ἄρτεμις ἰοχέαιρα . . κατέπεφνεν</b>; <span class="bibl">Od.11.172</span>; <b class="b3">ἤ τι κατὰ πρῆξιν ἦ μαψιδίως ἀλάλησθε . .</b>; <span class="bibl">3.72</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.408</span>, <span class="bibl">16.462</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.6.378</span>, <span class="bibl">15.735</span>, <span class="bibl">16.12</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> without an introductory Particle, <b class="b3">θεός νύ τις ἦ βροτός ἐσσι</b>; art thou a goddess <b class="b2">or</b> a mortal? <span class="bibl">Od.6.149</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.226</span>, <span class="bibl">4.314</span>,<span class="bibl">372</span>,<span class="bibl">643</span>, <span class="bibl">20.130</span>, <span class="bibl">21.194</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.10.63</span>,<span class="bibl">425</span>,<span class="bibl">534</span>, <span class="bibl">15.203</span>: accented <b class="b3">ἦ</b>, Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.145</span>, al., but <b class="b3">ἤ</b> freq. in codd. of Hom. and always in codd. of later writers: <b class="b3">ἤκουσας ἢ οὐκ ἤκουσας ἢ κωφῇ λέγω</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>202</span>; <b class="b3">ἄρτι δὲ ἥκεις ἢ πάλαι</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>43a</span>; <b class="b3">κακουργεῖν δεῖ ἢ οὔ</b>; ib.<span class="bibl">49c</span>; preceded by <b class="b3">πότερον, πότερον δοκεῖ σοι κάκιον εἶναι, τὸ ἀδικεῖν ἢ τὸ ἀδικεῖσθαι</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>474c</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> Indirect questions, freq. epexegetic of a preceding question and identical in form with direct questions. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> εἴπ' ἄγε, . . ἤ ῥ' ἐθέλει... ἦ ἀπέειπε . . <span class="bibl">Il.9.674</span>; ὄφρα δαῶμεν ἢ ἐτεὸν Κάλχας μαντεύεται ἦε καὶ οὐκί <span class="bibl">2.300</span>; διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν ἢ ὅ γε . . ἐναρίζοι ἦε χόλον παύσειεν <span class="bibl">1.190</span>; later with εἰ . . ἤ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>890</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>478</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>80</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πότερον</b> or πότερα . . ἤ . . Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>148, 352, <span class="title">Ag.</span>630, etc.; sts. εἴτε . . ἤ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>897</span>; ἢ . . εἴτε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 177</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> without introductory Particle, οὐδέ τι οἶδα ζώει ὅ γ' ἦ τέθνηκε <span class="bibl">Od.11.464</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.10.546</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.238</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> COMPARATIVE, <b class="b2">than, as</b>, after a Comp., <span class="bibl">Il.11.162</span>, etc.: after positive Adjs. which imply comparison, <b class="b3">ἄλλος, ἕτερος ἤ . .</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>595</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>835</span>(lyr.); ἐναντίος ἤ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>481c</span>; <b class="b3">ἴδιόν τι πάσχειν πάθος ἢ οἱ ἄλλοι</b> ibid.: after Advbs. or adverbial phrases, <b class="b3">πλήν, πρίν, πρόσθεν, χωρίς</b> (qq. v.), <b class="b3">ἀλλά</b> (v. <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἤ</b>) ; τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἤ . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cri.</span>44a</span> (f.l. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>173a</span>); ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ καὶ δεκάτῳ ϝέτει ἀπὸ τῶ ποτεχεῖ ϝέτεος ἢ Ἀριστίων ἐφορεύει <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.121; παρὰ δόξαν ἢ ὡς αὐτὸς κατεδόκεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.79</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.4</span>; διαφερόντως ἤ . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>85b</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδ' ὅσον ἤ . .</b> not so much <b class="b2">as . .</b>, not more <b class="b2">than . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.9.21</span>: after Verbs implying comparison, <b class="b3">βούλεσθαι ἤ . .</b> to wish <b class="b2">rather than . .</b>, v. [[βούλομαι]] IV, αἱρέω <span class="bibl">B. 11.1b</span>; so <b class="b3">φθάνειν ἤ . .</b> to come sooner <b class="b2">than . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.23.445</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.11.58</span>; ἐπιθυμεῖν ἤ . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.4.3</span>; δέχεσθαι ἤ . . <span class="bibl">Lys.10.21</span>: less freq. after a word not implying comparison, <b class="b3">δίκαιον ἡμέας ἔχειν . .</b>(sc. <b class="b3">μᾶλλον</b>) ἤ περ Ἀθηναίους <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.26</span>; ἐμοὶ πικρὸς . . ἢ κείνοις γλυκύς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>966</span>(s.v.l.); δεδικαιωμένος ἢ ἐκεῖνος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>18.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> joining two Comparatives which refer to the same subject, πάντες κ' ἀρησαίατ' ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι ἢ ἀφνειότεροι <span class="bibl">Od.1.165</span>; ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.65</span>; μανικώτεροι ἢ ἀνδρειότεροι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>144b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1078</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> rarely after a Sup., πλεῖστα θωμάσια ἔχει Αἴγυπτος ἢ ἄλλη πᾶσα χώρη <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.35</span> (s.v.l.); πίθοιτό κεν ὔμμι μάλιστα ἢ ἐμοί <span class="bibl">A.R.3.91</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἢ οὐ</b> is used when a neg. precedes, οὐδέν τι μᾶλλον ἐπ' ἡμέας ἢ οὐ καὶ ἐπ' ὑμέας <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.118</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">5.94</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.62</span>, etc.: after an implied neg., ὠμὸν . . πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους <span class="bibl">Id.3.36</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> freq. omitted with numerals after <b class="b3">πλείων, ἐλάττων, μείων, ἔτη . . πλείω ἑβδομήκοντα</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17d</span>; οὐ μεῖον πεντακοσίους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.24</span>: sts. with an inf. or conditional clause, τί γὰρ ἀνδρὶ κακὸν μεῖζον ἁμαρτεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 879</span>; <b class="b3">τίς εὐπραξία σπανιωτέρα... εἰ [δύναμις] πάρεστιν</b> (for <b class="b3">ἢ δύναμιν παρεῖναι</b>); <span class="bibl">Th.1.33</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">6</span> pleon. with a gen., τίς ἂν αἰσχίων εἴη ταύτης δόξα, ἢ δοκεῖν . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>44c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.10.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">7</span> the Disj. and Comp. uses are found together in <span class="bibl">Il.15.511</span> <b class="b3">βέλτερον, ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἕνα χρόνον ἠὲ βιῶναι, ἢ δηθὰ στρεύγεσθαι ἐν αἰνῆ δηϊοτῆτι</b> better, <b class="b2">either</b> to die once for all <b class="b2">or</b> win life, <b class="b2">than</b> long to toil in battle. [<b class="b3">ἢ οὐ, ἢ οὐκ</b> combine by Synizesis into one syll. in Trag. and Com., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>330</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>334</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>128</span>; so usually in Ep., <span class="bibl">Od.1.298</span>, al.; ἢ αὐτός <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>194</span>; ἢ εἰ <span class="bibl">Alex.201</span>.]</span><br /><span class="bld">ἤ</span> (B), an exclamation expressing disapproval, <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> ἢ ἢ σιώπα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 105</span>; <b class="b3">ἢ ἤ· τί δρᾶς</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>906</span>(lyr.), cf. Suid. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> to call attention, <b class="b3">ποῦ Ξανθίας; ἢ Ξανθία</b> where's Xanthias? <b class="b2">hi</b>, Xanthias! <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>271</span>.</span><br /><span class="bld">ἤ</span> (or ἦ) (C), Cypr. for <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">if</b>, Inscr.Cypr.135.6H. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> Cret. for <b class="b2">when, after</b>, <b class="b3">ἤ κ' ἀποστᾷ μωλῆν</b> <b class="b2">after</b> retiring, he shall take proceedings, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.52; <b class="b3">ἐν ταῖς τριάκοντα ἤ κα ϝείποντι</b> within 30 days <b class="b2">from the time of</b> their proclamation, ib.8.18.</span> | ||
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|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1146.png Seite 1146]] gedehnt ἠέ, und ἦ, gedehnt ἦε Die alten Griechen selbst unterschieden drei hierhergehörige Partikeln: das betheuernde, das fragende und das disjunctive ἠ. Das betheuernde ward immer mit dem Circumflex betont, ἦ, das disjunctive immer mit dem Acut, ἤ, das fragende bei einfachen Fragen mit dem Circumflex, ἦ, bei Doppelfragen im ersten Gliede mit dem Acut, ἤ, im zweiten Gliede mit dem Circumflex, ἦ. S. Lehrs Quaest. Ep. p. 50 und die kurze Darstellung von Sengebusch in dem Offenen Briefe an Rost S. 14. Wesentlich anders als die antike Theorie ist die der meisten Neueren. Die hier folgende Darstellung schließt sich aus practischen Gründen der modernen Theorie an. In den Tert des Homer dat freilich Immanuel Bekker die antike Betonung wieder eingeführt, durch seine Ausgabe von 1843. p., bes. ep. auch in ήέ gedehnt, Conjunction mit drei Hauptbedeutungen, trennend, fragend u. vergleichend. – 1) ἤ als Trennungspartikel, <b class="b2">oder, oder auch</b>, zwischen zwei Wörtern od. Sätzen, die als verschieden, häufig als einander ganz entgegengesetzt bezeichnet werden sollen; τούς μ' ἐκέλευσα [[Πύλονδε]] καταστῆσαι καὶ [[ἐφέσσαι]] ἢ εἰς Ἤλιδα Od. 13, 274; bei den Tragg. u. in Prosa, δρῶντ' ἢ λέγοντα Aesch. Prom. 663, χειμῶνα ἢ [[θάλπος]] Ag. 551, ζητῶν ὄλεθρον ἢ φυγήν Soph. O. R. 659, χρηστοῦ ἢ πονηροῦ [[αὐτοῦ]] γενομένου Plat. Prot. 313 a, oft. Einzeln steht es immer in der Vrbdg σὺν τρισὶν ἢ τέτταρσι, Xen. An. 1, 8, 12; στάδια [[πέντε]] ἢ ἕξ, 5, 2, 4, wofür Soph. auch δύο ἢ καὶ πλέους ἡμέρας sagt, Tr. 940. – Häufig u. gewöhnlich, wenn die beiden Gggsätze als gleichbedeutend ausgesprochen u. sich bestimmt ausschließend gegenüber, od. auch als gleichbedeutend neben einander gestellt werden, steht es zwei- od. mehrmal, <b class="b2">entweder</b> – <b class="b2">oder</b>, sive – sive od. aut – aut, ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἢ Ὀδυσῆος Il. 1, 138, εἷς δέ τις ἀρχὸς ἀνὴρ [[βουληφόρος]] ἔστω ἢ [[Αἴας]] ἢ Ἰδομενεὺς ἢ [[δῖος]] [[Ὀδυσσεύς]], ἠὲ σὺ Πηλείδη ibd. 144, gleichviel, sei es nun Ajas od. Idom. u. s. w.; mit hinzutretendem [[καί]], ἀλλ' ἄγε δή τινα μάντιν ἐρείομεν ἢ ἱερῆα ἢ καὶ ὀνειροπόλον 1, 62, wie Soph. O. R. 233; ἤ τις [[Ἀπόλλων]] ἢ Πὰν ἢ [[Ζεύς]] Aesch. Ag. 55; ἢ σεισ μὸν ἢ βροντὴν ἢ Διὸς [[σέλας]] Soph. O. C. 95; viermal, ibd. 251; ἤ τις ἢ [[οὐδείς]], einer od. gar keiner, kaum einer, Her. 3, 140; διακινδυνεύοντα ἢ χρηστὸν [[γενέσθαι]] ἢ πονηρόν Plat. Prot. 313 a. Abweichend ist Il. 2, 289, ὥς τε γὰρ ἢ παῖδες νεαροὶ χῆραί τε γυναῖκες, der Uebergang in die verknüpfende Partikel τε. – Vgl. noch ἤ τοι u. [[εἴτε]]. – Oft läßt es sich durch <b class="b2">sonst, außerdem</b> übersetzen, [[εἰδέναι]] δεῖ περὶ οὗ ἂν ᾖ [[βουλή]], ἢ παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν [[ἀνάγκη]], oder es ist, wenn man es nämlich nicht weiß, nothwendig, daß man Alles verfehlt, d. i. man muß wissen, worüber Rath gehalten wird, sonst muß man..., Plat. Phaedr. 237 c; [[πᾶσα]] ἀνθρώπου ψυχὴ τεθέαται τὰ [[ὄντα]], ἢ οὐκ ἂν ἦλθεν εἰς [[τόδε]] τὸ [[ζῷον]], sonst wäre sie nicht gekommen, ibd. 249 e; [[ἔργον]] γε [[οὐδαμοῦ]] ληπτέον ἢ εὐθὺς ἐλεγχθήσεται [[γελοῖος]] ὤν Xen. Mem. 1, 7, 2; vgl. Dem. 39, 33. – Dasselbe ἤ steht auch innerhalb einer Frage od. vrbdt zwei Fragen, τί σοι φάμενος ἢ τί ῥέξας Aesch. Ch. 314; τί χρή με στέγειν ἢ τί λέγειν πρὸς ἄνδρ' ὑπόπταν; was soll ich verheimlichen od. was soll ich sagen? Soph. Phil. 136. – Daraus ist abzuleiten – 21 ἤ <b class="b2">in der Frage</b>, zunächst in directer Doppelfrage, πότερον od. πότερα – ἤ, u. in indirecter, εἰ – ἤ, bei den Tragg. u. in Prosa die gewöhnliche Form, ob – <b class="b2">oder</b>; πότερα γὰρ [[αὐτοῦ]] ζῶντος ἢ τεθνηκότος [[φάτις]] ἐκλῄζετο Aesch. Ag. 616; πότερον ἐκείνους καλῶμεν ἢ 'μοὶ τοῖσδέ τ' ἐξειπεῖν θέλεις Soph. Tr. 342; auch mit zweimaligem ἤ, πότερα δ' ἐν οἴκοις ἢ 'ν ἀγροῖς ὁ Λάϊος ἢ γῆς ἐπ' ἄλλης συμπίπτει φόνῳ O. R. 112; πότερα ἔστι τι ἓν ἢ οὐκ ἔστιν Plat. Prot. 324 d; Beispiele von εἰ – ἤ s. unter εἰ. – Auch ἆρ' οὖν τοῖς ποιηταῖς ἡμῖν μόνον [[ἐπιστατητέον]] – ἢ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις δημιουργοῖς, Plat. Rep. III, 401 a u. öfter. – Bei Hom. auch ἤ – ἤ, [[ἡμεῖς]] δὲ φραζώμεθα, ἤ ῥ' [[αὖτις]] πόλεμον ὄρσομεν, ἢ φιλότητα βάλωμεν, ob wir die Schlacht wieder anfangen od. Freundschaft stiften sollen, Il. 4, 15, vgl. 1, 190. 10, 342 Od. 6, 142. 9, 175; eben so wo ein Zweifel ausgedrückt ist, μερμήριξε – ἢ – διώκοι, ἢ ὅ γε τῶν πλεόνων ἀπὸ θυμὸν ἕλοιτο Il. 5, 672; so nach δίζε 16, 713, πειρηθῆναι 21, 225, [[ὁρμαίνω]] Od. 15, 299, μετὰ φρεσὶ νόησον Il. 20, 311; vgl. Orac. bei Her. 1, 65. Bei attischen Schriftstellern ist diese Vrbdg zweifelhaft, vgl. Elmsl. u. Herm. zu Eur. Med. 480; Aesch. ἑλοῦ γὰρ ἢ πόνων τὰ λοιπά σοι φράσω – ἢ τὸν ἐκλύσοντ' ἐμέ, Prom. 782; εἰδῶμεν ἢ νικῶμεν ἢ νικώμεθα Ch. 745. – Das erste Frageglied steht auch ohne eine Partikel, [[οὐδέ]] τι [[ἴδμεν]], ζώει ὅ γ' ἢ τέθνηκεν Od. 4, 110; λοιμοῦ τις ἦλθε σκηπτὸς ἢ [[στάσις]] πόλει Aesch. Pers. 701; ἥμαρτον ἢ θηρῶ τι [[τοξότης]] ἃς ἢ ψευδόμαντίς εἰμι Ag. 1167; Κρέοντος ἢ σοῦ [[ταῦτα]] τἀξευρήματα Soph. O. R. 378, vgl. [[πόθεν]] λαβών; οἰκεῖον ἢ 'ξ [[ἄλλου]] τινός O. R. 1162; οὐδ' ἄν διαγνοίη λίνου ἢ καννάβιός ἐστι Her. 4, 76; ἐγρήγορας ἢ κα θεύδεις Plat. Prot. 310 b. Wie hier schon oft in dem zweiten Fragegliede eine Berichtigung oder Erwiderung auf das erste Frageglied liegt, so wird auch, wenn kein Frageglied vorausgegangen ist, eine Frage mit ἤ hinzugefügt, um durch eine das Gegentheil ausdrückende Frage die Richtigkeit des Gesagten auszudrücken, od., in Beziehung auf eine andere Frage, das, was am wahrscheinlichsten darauf geantwortet werden kann, hinzuzusetzen, <b class="b2">ist es nicht etwa so, oder</b>, wie das lat. an, Od. 1, 298 [[οὐδέ]] τί σε χρὴ [[νηπιάας]] ὀχέειν –. ἢ οὐκ ἀΐεις, οἷον [[κλέος]] ἔλλαβε [[δῖος]] Ὀρέστης; oder weißt du nicht, was für einen Ruhm Orestes erlangt hat? Welcher Ruhm doch eben dich auffordert, nicht mehr so kindisches Sinnes zu sein, sondern nach gleichem Ruhme zu streben; Od. 4, 710 [[τίπτε]] δέ μοι [[παῖς]] οἴχεται; [[οὐδέ]] τί μιν χρεὼ [[νηῶν]] ἐπιβαινέμεν –. ἢ ἵνα μηδ' [[ὄνομα]] [[αὐτοῦ]] λίπηται; oder soll er etwa deswegen weggehen, damit auch nicht einmal sein Name übrig bleibe (das wünschen sicher die Freier)? vgl. Il. 5, 466. Andere Stellen, wie Il. 7, 26. 17, 445, richtiger als selbstständige Fragen gefaßt und ἦ betont. – Πῶς οὖν Ὀδυσσεὺς πρὸς τάδ' οὐκ [[αὐτάγγελος]] [[πλεῖν]] ἦν [[ἑτοῖμος]]; ἢ [[φόβος]] τις εἶργέ νιν; oder ist es nicht so? hielt ihn nicht Furcht zurück? Soph. Phil. 565; οὐδ' ἔχω τί φῶ –. ἢ τοῦτο [[φάσκω]] [[ἔπος]] –; ἢ σῖγ' ἀτίμως [[στείχω]]; oder soll ich etwa? Aesch. Ch. 91 ff.; τῷ γὰρ ὄμνυτ'; ἢ σιδαρέοισιν (νο μίσμασιν); Ar. Nubb. 249; [[τίς]] οὖν δὴ ἦν ἡ [[διατριβή]]; ἢ δῆλον ὅτι τῶν λόγων ὑμᾶς Λυσίας εἱστία; oder bedarf es vielmehr der Frage nicht und ist klar –? Plat. Phaedr. 227 b; ἀλλὰ [[τίς]] σοι διηγεῖτο; ἢ αὐτὸς [[Σωκράτης]]; Conv. 173 a; εἰ δέ τινα [[ἄλλην]] ἡδονὴν παρέχεται, θαυμαστὸν [[οὐδέν]] · ἢ πῶς σοι φαίνεται, Rep. III, 390 a; διελέσθαι οὐ σμικροῦ λόγου · ἢ σὺ οἴει; oder meinst du etwa? ibd. 400 c. – Eben so ἢ οὐκ, oder nicht, Il. 5, 349. 15, 506; Plat. Rep. II, 370 b 371 d. – Bei Hom. steht es auch so allein in indirecter Frage, ob, εἴσεται, ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν [[δόρυ]] μαίνεται Il. 8, 111; ἀλλ' ἄγε μοι [[τόδε]] εἰπέ –, ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν [[ἄγγελος]] ἔλθω, sage mir, ob ich gehen soll, Od. 16, 138. – 3) als Vergleichungspartikel, al s. ganz gewöhnlich nach Comparativen, von Hom. an überall; zuweilen vrbdí es zwei Comparative, wodurch der erste als bedeutsamer hervorgehoben wird, πάντες κ' ἀρησαίατ' ἐλαφρότεροι πόδας εἶναι ἢ ἀφνειότεροι, sie möchten wünschen, lieber schnellfüßig als reich zu sein, Od. 1, 165; στρατηγοὶ πλείονες ἢ βελτίονες Ar. Ach. 1042; ἐποίησα ταχύτερα ἢ σοφώτερα Her. 3, 65; σοφώτερος ἢ ἀμαθέστερος δοκεῖ εἶναι ἑαυτῷ, er meint mehr weise als ungebildet zu sein, Plat. Rep. III, 409 d; Theaet. 144 b; Legg. IV, 704 d u. Sp., φορτικώτερον ἢ φιλοσοφώτερον διαλέγεσθ αι Plut. Sol. 3. – Erklärend tritt es auch zu einem Comparativ, dem schon ein von ihm abhängiger Genitiv vorhergeht, [[τίς]] ἂν αἰσχίων ταύτης εἴη [[δόξα]] ἢ δοκεῖν χρήματα περὶ πλείονος ποιεῖσθ αι ἢ φίλους; welcher Ruf schimpflicher als dieser, daß man nämlich scheint, Plat. Crit. 44 c; οὗ τί ἂν [[μᾶλλον]] σπουδάσειέ τις ἢ τοῦτο Gorg. 500 c, vgl. Legg. V, 738 d VII, 811 d. – Bei Zahlbestimmungen wird ἤ auch ausgelassen, ἔτη μὴ ἔλαττον [[ἑξήκοντα]] γεγονώς Plat. Legg. VI, 759 d; Apol. 17 d; ἀποκτείνουσι οὐ [[μεῖον]] πεντακοσίους Xen. An. 6, 2, 24, nach den besseren mss. – Durch eine eigene Attraction steht der gen. nach ἤ in Vrbdgn, wie πηγαὶ ἑτέρου ποταμοῦ οὐκ ἐλάσσονος ἢ Μαιάνδρου Her. 7, 26; vgl. Herm. zu Viger. p. 787 u. Fäsi in Friedem. u. Seebode misc. crit. 2, 4, 697 ff. – Ueber die Vrbdg μεῖζον ἢ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον s. [[κατά]]. – Ueber ἤ nach [[βούλομαι]], lieber wollen, s. [[βούλομαι]]. – Auffallend ist ἤ beim superl., πίθοιτό κεν [[ὔμμι]] [[μάλιστα]] ἢ [[ἐμοί]] Ap. Rh. 3, 91. – Häufiger beim Positiv mehrerer Wörter, in denen eine Vergleichung liegt, bes. [[ἄλλος]], ἄλλα χρῄζειν ἢ τὰ σὺν κέρδει καλά Soph. O. R. 595; Plat. Prot. 318 a; vgl. [[ἄλλος]] u. [[ἀλλοῖος]]; – [[ἕτερος]] ἤ Soph. Tr. 832; [[πέρα]] γ' [[ἴσθι]] ἢ [[λέγω]] Phil. 1261; – [[ἐναντίος]] ἤ Plat. Gorg. 481 c, s. [[ἐναντίος]]; – [[ἴδιος]] ἤ Plat. Gorg. 481 c; – τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἢ ᾑ Conv. 173 a; – μηδὲν [[πρόσθεν]] ἢ τὰ Λοξίου πειρώμεθ' ἔρδειν Soph. El. 82; – διαφέρειν ἤ Plat. Phaedr. 228 d, [[διαφερόντως]] ἤ Phaedr. 85 b; vgl. [[διαφέρω]], [[ἐπιθυμέω]], [[ζητέω]]. So bes. auch nach den Zahlwörtern [[διπλάσιος]], πολλα πλάσιος, mehr als. Interjection, die Aufmerksamkeit rege zu machen, he! ἢ ἢ σιώπα, Ar. Nubb. 106, st, st! nur stille. | |||
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