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|Definition=Att.-Ion. and Arc. (for <b class="b3">εἰκ</b>, v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span> ad init.), = Dor. and Aeol. <b class="b3">αἰ, αἰκ</b> (q. v.), Cypr. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> ἤ <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.10 H., both <b class="b3">εἰ</b> and <b class="b3">αἰ</b> in Ep.:— Particle used interjectionally with imper. and to express a wish, but usu. either in conditions, <b class="b2">if</b>, or in indirect questions, <b class="b2">whether</b>. In the former use its regular negative is <b class="b3">μή</b>; in the latter, <b class="b3">οὐ</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> INTERJECTIONALLY, in Hom., <b class="b2">come now</b>! c. imper., εἰ δὲ . . ἄκουσον <span class="bibl">Il.9.262</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ φευγόντων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">46</span>; most freq. with <b class="b3">ἄγε</b> (q. v.), <span class="bibl">1.302</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in wishes, c. opt., ἀλλ' εἴ τις . . καλέσειεν <span class="bibl">10.111</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.74</span>; so later, εἴ μοι ξυνείη μοῖρα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>863</span> (lyr.); εἴ μοι γένοιτο φθόγγος ἐν βραχίοσιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>836</span>: more freq. folld. by γάρ, αἲ γὰρ δὴ οὕτως εἴη <span class="bibl">Il.4.189</span>, al.; εἰ γὰρ γενοίμην ἀντὶ σοῦ νεκρός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 1410</span>; εἰ γὰρ γένοιτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.38</span>; εἰ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ εἴη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>310d</span>; of unattained wishes, in Hom. only c. opt., εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν . . Διὸς πάϊς αἰγιόχοιο εἴην <span class="bibl">Il.13.825</span>; Ζεῦ πάτερ, αἰ γὰρ ἐμὸς πόσις εἴη <span class="bibl">Alcm.29</span>; later with past tenses of ind., εἰ γάρ μ' ὑπὸ γῆν . . ἧκεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>152</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ τοσαύτην δύναμιν εἶχον ὥστε</b> . . <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1072</span>: twice in Od. c. inf. (cf. the use of inf. in commands), αἰ γὰρ τοῖος ἐὼν . . ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεσθαι <span class="bibl">7.311</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.376</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">εἴθε</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">αἴθε</b>, is freq. used in wishes in the above constructions, εἴθε οἱ αὐτῷ Ζεὺς ἀγαθὸν τελέσειεν <span class="bibl">2.33</span>; εἴθ' ὣς ἡβώοιμι <span class="bibl">Il.7.157</span>; ἰὼ γᾶ, εἴθ' ἔμ' ἐδέξω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1537</span> (lyr.); εἴθε σοι, ὦ Περίκλεις, τότε συνεγενόμην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.46</span>: later c. inf., γαίης χθαμαλωτέρη εἴθε . . κεῖσθαι <span class="title">AP</span>9.284 (Crin.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">εἰ γάρ, εἴθε</b> are also used with <b class="b3">ὤφελον</b> (Ep. <b class="b3">ὤφελλον</b>), of past unattained wishes, αἴθ' ὤφελλες στρατοῦ ἄλλου σημαίνειν <span class="bibl">Il.14.84</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον [κατιδεῖν</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>432c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> folld. by a clause expressing a consequence of the fulfilment of the wish, <b class="b3">αἰ γὰρ τοῦτο . . ἔπος τετελεσμένον εἴη· τῷ κε τάχα γνοίης</b> . . <span class="bibl">Od. 15.536</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.496</span>, al.; sts. hard to distinguish from <b class="b3">εἰ</b> in conditions (which may be derived from this use), εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη <span class="bibl">Il.7.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> IN CONDITIONS, <b class="b2">if</b>: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> with INDIC., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> with all tenses (for fut., v. infr. <span class="bibl">2</span>), to state a condition, with nothing implied as to its fulfilment, <b class="b3">εἰ δ' οὕτω τοῦτ' ἐστίν, ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον εἶναι</b> but <b class="b2">if</b> this is so, it will be... <span class="bibl">Il.1.564</span>: any form of the Verb may stand in apodosi, εἰ θεοί τι δρῶσιν αἰσχρόν, οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>292.7</span>; εἰ δοκεῖ, πλέωμεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 526</span>; εἰ Φαῖδρον ἀγνοῶ, καὶ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπιλέλησμαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>228a</span>; κάκιστ' ἀπολοίμην, Ξανθίαν εἰ μὴ φιλῶ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>579</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.17.475</span>; εἰ θεοῦ ἦν, οὐκ ἦν αἰσχροκερδής· εἰ δ' αἰσχροκερδής, οὐκ ἦν θεοῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>408c</span>; εἰ ταῦτα λέγων διαφθείρω τοὺς νέους, ταῦτ' ἂν εἴη βλαβερά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>30b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25b</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ οὗτοι ὀρθῶς ἀπέστησαν, ὑμεῖς ἂν οὐ χρεὼν ἄρχοιτε</b> <b class="b2">if</b> these were right in their revolt, (it would follow that) you rule when you have no right, <span class="bibl">Th.3.40</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> to express a general condition, <b class="b2">if ever, whenever</b>, sts. with pres., εἴ τις δύο ἢ καὶ πλείους τις ἡμέρας λογίζεται, μάταιός ἐστιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>943</span>: with impf., εἴ τίς τι ἠρώτα ἀπεκρίνοντο <span class="bibl">Th.7.10</span>: rarely with aor., <span class="bibl">D.S.31.26.1</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>1.84</span>; cf. <span class="bibl">111.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with fut. (much less freq. than <b class="b3">ἐάν</b> c. subj.), either to express a future supposition emphatically, εἰ φθάσομεν τοὺς πολεμίους κατακαίνοντες οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν ἀποθανεῖται <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.19</span>; εἰ μὴ βοηθήσετε οὐ περιέσται τἀκεῖ <span class="bibl">Th.6.91</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ αὕτη ἡ πόλις ληφθήσεται, ἔχεται ἡ πᾶσα Σικελία</b> ibid.; in threats or warnings, εἰ μὴ καθέξεις γλῶσσαν ἔσται σοι κακά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>5</span>; εἰ τιμωρήσεις Πατρόκλῳ, αὐτὸς ἀποθανῇ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>28c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.28.21</span>: or, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> to express a present intention or expectation, <b class="b3">αἶρε πλῆκτρον εἰ μαχεῖ</b> <b class="b2">if</b> you mean to fight, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>759</span>; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἀνήρ . . εἰ ταῦτ' ἀνατεὶ τῇδε κείσεται κράτη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>485</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.1.61</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>863</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> with historical tenses, implying that the condition is or was unfulfilled. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> with impf., referring to present time or to continued or repeated action in past time (in Hom. always the latter, <span class="bibl">Il.24.715</span>, al.): <b class="b3">ταῦτα οὐκ ἂν ἐδύναντο ποιεῖν, εἰ μὴ διαίτῃ μετρίᾳ ἐχρῶντο</b> they would not be able to do this (as they do), <b class="b2">if</b> they did not live an abstemious life, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>489b</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν</b> he (Agamemnon) would not have been master of islands, <b class="b2">if</b> he had not had also some naval force, <span class="bibl">Th.1.9</span>; αἰ δ' ἦχες ἔσλων ἴμερον ἢ κάλων . . αἴδως κεν . . ἦχεν Sapph.28; <b class="b3">εἰ ἦσαν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ . . οὐκ ἄν ποτε ταῦτα ἔπασχον</b> <b class="b2">if</b> they had been good men, they would never have suffered as they did, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>516e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.5</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδἐ . . οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε</b> <b class="b2">if</b> I had known this... <span class="bibl">Il.8.366</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> with aor. referring to past time, εἰ μὴ ἔφυσε θεὸς μέλι . . ἔφασκον γλύσσονα σῦκα πέλεσθαι <span class="bibl">Xenoph.38</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς ἤλθετε, ἐπορευόμεθα ἂν ἐπὶ βασιλέα</b> had you not come, we should be on our way... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.4</span>; καὶ ἴσως ἂν ἀπέθανον, εἰ μὴ ἡ ἀρχὴ διὰ ταχέων κατελύθη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>32d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.5.680</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.364</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">27.63</span>: with plpf. in apodosi, εἰ τριάκοντα μόναι μετέπεσον τῶν ψήφων, ἀπεπεφεύγη ἄν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>36a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> rarely with plpf. referring to action finished in past or present time, <b class="b3">λοιπὸν δ' ἂν ἦν ἡμῖν ἔτι περὶ τῆς πόλεως διαλεχθῆναι, εἰ μὴ προτέρα τῶν ἄλλων τὴν εἰρήνην ἐπεποίητο</b> <b class="b2">if</b> she had not (as she has done) made peace before the rest, <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.56</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>21c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> with SUBJ., <b class="b3">εἰ</b> is regularly joined with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> (Ep. κε<b class="b3">, κεν</b>), cf. [[ἐάν]]: Arc. <b class="b3">εἰκαν</b> in Tegean Inscrr. of iv B. C. (<span class="title">IG</span>5(2).3.16, 31, 6.2, <span class="title">SIG</span>306.34) should be understood as <b class="b3">εἰκ ἄν</b> (<b class="b3">εἰ</b>: <b class="b3">εἰκ</b> = [[οὐ]]: <b class="b3">οὐκ</b>), since <b class="b3">εἰ δ' ἄν</b> is also found in <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).3.2, 6.45, and <b class="b3">εἰκ</b> alone, ib.3.21; but <b class="b3">ἄν</b> (κε, κεν) are freq. absent in Hom. as <span class="bibl">Od.5.221</span>, <span class="bibl">14.373</span> (and cf. infr. <span class="bibl">2</span>), and Lyr., Pi. (who never uses <b class="b3">εἰ</b> with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> or κε (ν)) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.266</span>, al.; in dialects, αἰ δείλητ' ἀγχωρεῖν <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).334.6 (Locr., v B. C.), cf. Foed.Dor. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.5.79</span>; rarely in Hdt., εἰ μὴ ἀναβῇ <span class="bibl">2.13</span>; occasionally in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 234</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>198</span> (lyr.), etc.; very rarely in Att. Prose, εἰ ξυστῶσιν αἱ πόλεις <span class="bibl">Th.6.21</span>; εἴ τι που ἄλσος ἢ τέμενος ἀφειμένον ᾖ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>761c</span>: in later Prose, εἴ τις θελήσῃ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>11.5</span>; εἰ φονεύῃ <span class="bibl">Plot.2.9.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">Inst.</span>26</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> when the apodosis is fut., to express a future condition more distinctly and vividly than <b class="b3">εἰ</b> c. opt., but less so than <b class="b3">εἰ</b> c. fut. ind. (supr. <span class="bibl">1.2a</span>); <b class="b3">εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἕρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ'</b> . . <b class="b2">if</b> thou do thus... thou shalt know, <span class="bibl">Il.2.364</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.128</span>, <span class="bibl">3.281</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.17.549</span>; ἂν δέ τις ἀνθιστῆται, σὺν ὑμῖν πειρασόμεθα χειροῦσθαι <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>7.3.11</span>; <b class="b3">ἂν μὴ νῦν ἐθέλωμεν ἐκεῖ πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ, ἐνθάδ' ἴσως ἀναγκασθησόμεθα</b> <b class="b3">τοῦτο ποιεῖν</b> <b class="b2">if</b> we be not now willing, <span class="bibl">D.4.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 5.3.27</span>: folld. by imper., <b class="b3">ἢν εἰρήνης δοκῆτε δεῖσθαι, ἄνευ ὅπλων ἥκετε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">3.2.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.4.30</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> when the apodosis is present, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition, <b class="b2">if ever</b>, <b class="b3">ἤν ποτε δασμὸς ἵκηται, σοὶ τὸ γέρας πολὺ μεῖζον</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἐστί</b>) <b class="b2">whenever</b> a division comes, your prize is (always) greater, <span class="bibl">Il.1.166</span>; <b class="b3">ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν</b> <b class="b2">if</b> death come near, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 671</span>; with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> omitted, εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον . . καταπέψῃ ἀλλά . . ἔχει κότον <span class="bibl">Il.1.81</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> with Rhet. present in apodosis, <b class="b3">ἐὰν μὴ οἱ φιλόσοφοι βασιλεύσωσιν, οὐκ ἔστι κακῶν παῦλα</b> there is (i.e. can be, will be) no rest... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>473d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> with OPTATIVE (never with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> in early Gr., later <b class="b3">ἐάν</b> c. opt., <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>114</span>, al.), </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> to express a future condition less definitely than <b class="b3">ἐάν</b> c. subj., usu. with opt. with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> in apod., <b class="b3">ἦ κεν γηθήσαι Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες . . εἰ σφῶιν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιιν</b> surely they would exult, <b class="b2">if</b> they should hear... <span class="bibl">Il.1.255</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.223</span>; εἴης φορητὸς οὐκ ἄν, εἰ πράσσοις καλῶς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>979</span>; οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄν με ἐπαινοίη, εἰ ἐξελαύνοιμι τοὺς εὐεργέτας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.11</span>; οἶκος δ' αὐτός, εἰ φθογγὴν λάβοι, σαφέστατ' ἂν λέξειεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>37</span>, etc.: fut. opt. is f.l. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>164a</span>: with pres. ind. in apod., <span class="bibl">Xenoph.34.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Democr.253</span>: with fut.ind., <span class="bibl">Meliss.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in Hom.sts. with pres. opt., to express an unfulfilled present condition, <b class="b3">εἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα φεροίμην</b> <b class="b2">if</b> we were now contending, etc., <span class="bibl">Il.23.274</span>: rarely in Trag., <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ κνίζοι</b>( = [[εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε]]) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>568</span>; also εἰ ἀναγκαῖον εἴη ἀδικεῖν ἢ ἀδικεῖσθαι, ἑλοίμην ἂν μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>469c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> when the apodosis is past, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition in past time (corresponding to use of subj. in present time, supr. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>); once in Hom., εἴ τίς με . . ἐνίπτοι, ἀλλὰ σὺ τόν γ' . . κατέρυκες <span class="bibl">Il.24.768</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δέ τινας θορυβουμένους αἴσθοιτο... κατασβεννύναι τὴν ταραχὴν ἐπειρᾶτο</b> <b class="b2">if</b> he should see (<b class="b2">whenever</b> he saw) any troops in confusion, he (always) tried, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>4.5.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.40</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ τις ἀντείποι, εὐθὺς ἐτεθνήκει</b> <b class="b2">if</b> any one made objection, he was a dead man at once, <span class="bibl">Th. 8.66</span>; ἀλλ' εἴ τι μὴ φέροιμεν, ὤτρυνεν φέρειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc./span>755</span>. For <b class="b3">εἰ</b> c. ind. in this sense v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>: ind. and opt. are found in same sentence, ἐμίσει, οὐκ εἴ τις κακῶς πάσχων ἠμύνετο, ἀλλ' εἴ τις εὐεργετούμενος ἀχάριστος φαίνοιτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>11.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in oratio obliqua after past tenses, representing <b class="b3">ἐάν</b> c. subj. or <b class="b3">εἰ</b> with a primary (never an historical) tense of the ind. in oratio recta, <b class="b3">ἐλογίζοντο ὡς, εἰ μὴ μάχοιντο, ἀποστήσοιντο αἱ πόλεις</b> (representing <b class="b3">ἐὰν μὴ μαχώμεθα, ἀποστήσονται</b>) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.4.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.21.104</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.2.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἔλεγεν ὅτι, εἰ βλαβερὰ πεπραχὼς εἴη, δίκαιος εἴη ζημιοῦσθαι</b> (representing <b class="b3">εἰ βλαβερὰ πέπραχε, δίκαιός ἐστι</b>) ib.<span class="bibl">32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>6.6.25</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δέ τινα φεύγοντα λήψοιτο, προηγόρευεν ὅτι ὡς πολεμίῳ χρήσοιτο</b> (representing <b class="b3">εἴ τινα λήψομαι, χρήσομαι</b>) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.3</span>; also, where oratio obliqua is implied in the leading clause, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἦν τοῦ πολέμου πέρας Φιλίππῳ, εἰ μὴ Θηβαίους . . ἐχθροὺς ποιήσειε τῇ πόλει</b>, i.e. Philip thought there would be no end to the war, <b class="b2">un</b>less he should make . . (his thought having been <b class="b3">ἐὰν μὴ ποιήσω</b>), <span class="bibl">D.18.145</span>; ἐβούλοντο γὰρ σφίσιν, εἴ τινα λάβοιεν, ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον, ἢν ἄρα τύχωσί τινες ἐζωγρημένοι <span class="bibl">Th.2.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> c. opt. with <b class="b3">ἄν</b>, only when the clause serves as apodosis as well as protasis, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>329b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.18</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.5.3</span> (v. ἄν A. 111. d). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> c. INF., in oratio obliqua, only in Hdt., εἰ γὰρ δὴ δεῖν πάντως περιθεῖναι ἄλλῳ τέῳ τὴν βασιληΐην, [ἔφη] δικαιότερον εἶναι κτλ. <span class="bibl">1.129</span>; εἰ εἶναι τοῦτο μὴ φίλον <span class="bibl">2.64</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">172</span>, <span class="bibl">3.105</span>,<span class="bibl">108</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> after Verbs denoting <b class="b2">wonder, delight, indignation, disappointment, contentment</b>, and similar emotions, <b class="b3">εἰ</b> c. ind. is used instead of <b class="b3">ὅτι</b>, to express the object of the feeling in a hypothetical form, <b class="b3">θαυμάζω εἰ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν μήτ' ἐνθυμεῖται μήτ' ὀργίζεται, ὁρῶν</b> . . I wonder <b class="b2">that</b> no one of you is either concerned or angry when he sees... <span class="bibl">D.4.43</span>; οὐκ ἀγαπᾷ εἰ μὴ δίκην δέδωκεν, ἀλλ' εἰ μὴ καὶ χρυσῷ στεφάνῳ στεφανωθήσεται ἀγανακτεῖ <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.147</span>: after past tenses, ἐθαύμασε δ' εἰ μὴ φανερόν ἐστιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.13</span>; δεινὸν εἰσῄει, εἰ μὴ . . δόξει <span class="bibl">D.19.33</span>; ἐθαύμαζον εἴ τι ἕξει τις χρήσασθαι τῷ λόγῳ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>95a</span>; οὐδὲ ᾐσχύνθη εἰ . . ἐπάγει <span class="bibl">D.21.105</span>: in oratio obliqua (expressed or implied) c. opt., <b class="b3">ἐπεῖπεν ὡς δεινὸν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">εἴη</b>) εἰ . . μεγαλόψυχος γένοιτο <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.157</span>; ᾤκτιρον εἰ ἁλώσοιντο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.4.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἐθαύμαζε δ' εἴ τις ἀρετὴν ἐπαγγελλόμενος ἀργύριον πράττοιτο</b> he wondered <b class="b2">that</b> any one should demand money, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἔχαιρον ἀγαπῶν εἴ τις ἐάσοι</b> I rejoiced, being content <b class="b2">if</b> any one should let it pass, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>450a</span>:—in this use the neg. <b class="b3">οὐ</b> is also found, ἀγανακτῶ εἰ ὁ Φίλιππος ἁρπάζων οὐ λυπεῖ <span class="bibl">D.8.55</span>; δεινὸν ἂν εἴη εἰ οἱ ἐκείνων ξύμμαχοι οὐκ ἀπεροῦσιν <span class="bibl">Th.1.121</span>; τέρας λέγεις, εἰ οὐκ ἂν δύναιντο λαθεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>91d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> in citing a fact as a ground of argument or appeal, <b class="b2">as surely as, since</b>, <b class="b3">εἴ ποτ' ἔην γε</b> <b class="b2">if</b> there was [as there was], i.e. <b class="b2">as sure as</b> there was such an one, <span class="bibl">Il.3.180</span>, al.; εἰ τότε κοῦρος ἔα, νῦν αὖτέ με γῆρας ὀπάζει <span class="bibl">4.321</span>; <b class="b3">πολλοὺς γὰρ οἶκε εἶναι εὐπετέστερον διαβάλλειν ἢ ἕνα, εἰ Κλεομένεα μὲν μοῦνον οὐκ οἷός τε ἐγένετο διαβαλεῖν, τρεῖς δὲ μυριάδας Ἀθηναίων ἐποίησε τοῦτο</b> it seems easier to deceive many than one, <b class="b2">if</b> (as was the fact, i.e. <b class="b2">since</b>) he was not able... <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.97</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.60</span>,al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTIONS: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> with apodosis implied in the context, <b class="b3">εἰ</b> having the force of <b class="b2">in case, supposing that</b>, <b class="b3">πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, εἰ ἐπιβοηθοῖεν, ἐχώρουν</b> they marched towards the city [so as to meet the citizens], <b class="b2">in case</b> they should rush out, <span class="bibl">Th.6.100</span>; <b class="b3">ἱκέται πρὸς σὲ δεῦρ' ἀφίγμεθα, εἴ τινα πόλιν φράσειας ἡμῖν εὔερον</b> we have come hither to you, <b class="b2">in case</b> you should tell us of some fleecy city (i.e. that we might hear of it), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>120</span>; <b class="b3">παρέζεο καὶ λαβὲ γούνων, αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι</b> sit by him and grasp his knees [so as to persuade him], <b class="b2">in case</b> he be willing to help the Trojans, <span class="bibl">Il.1.408</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">66</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.94</span>, <span class="bibl">3.92</span>; <b class="b3">ἄκουσον καὶ ἐμοῦ, ἐάν σοι ἔτι ταὐτὰ δοκῇ</b> hear me also [that you may assent], <b class="b2">in case</b> the same opinion please you, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>358b</span>; <b class="b3">ἰδὲ δή, ἐάν σοι ὅπερ ἐμοὶ συνδοκῇ</b> look now, <b class="b2">in case</b> you approve what I do, ib. <span class="bibl">434a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with apodosis suppressed for rhetorical reasons, <b class="b3">εἴ περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλῃσιν Ὀλύμπιος . . στυφελίξαι</b> <b class="b2">if</b> he wish to thrust him away, [he will do so], <span class="bibl">Il.1.580</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὲν δώσουσι γέρας—· εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι</b> <b class="b2">if</b> they shall give me a prize, [well and good]; but <b class="b2">if</b> they give not, then I will take one for myself, <span class="bibl">1.135</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.150</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>468</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ ἢν μὲν ξυμβῇ ἡ πεῖρα—· εἰ δὲ μή</b> . . and <b class="b2">if</b> the attempt succeed, [well]; otherwise... <span class="bibl">Th.3.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>325d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> with the Verb of the protasis omitted, chiefly in the following expressions: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> <b class="b3">εἰ μή</b> <b class="b2">except</b>, οὐδὲν ἄλλο σιτέονται, εἰ μὴ ἰχθῦς μοῦνον <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.200</span>; <b class="b3">μὰ τὼ θεώ, εἰ μὴ Κρίτυλλά γ' [εἰμί</b>]—nay, <b class="b2">if</b> I'm not Critylla! i.e. I am, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>898</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ὅσον</b> <b class="b2">except</b> only, ἐγὼ μέν μιν οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ ὅσον γραφῇ <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.73</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.45</span>, <span class="bibl">2.20</span>; εἰ μὴ εἰ <span class="bibl">Th.1.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>480b</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ μή τι οὖν, ἀλλὰ σμικρόν γέ μοι τῆς ἀρχῆς χάλασον</b> <b class="b2">if</b> nothing else, yet... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Men.</span>86e</span>; ironical, εἰ μὴ ἄρα ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλεια διαφθορά ἐστιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.8</span>; εἰ μή πέρ γε τὸν ὑοσκύαμον χρήματα εἶναι φήσομεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Oec.</span>1.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ μή</b> but <b class="b2">if</b> not, i.e. <b class="b2">otherwise</b>, προηγόρευε τοῖς Λαμψακηνοῖσι μετιέναι Μιλτιάδεα, εἰ δὲ μή, σφέας πίτυος τρόπον ἀπείλεε ἐκτρίψειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">56</span>; after <b class="b3">μάλιστα μέν</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.32</span>,<span class="bibl">35</span>, etc.:—after a preceding neg., <b class="b3">μὴ τύπτ'· εἰ δὲ μή, σαυτόν ποτ' αἰτιάσει</b> don't beat me; <b class="b2">otherwise</b>, you will have yourself to blame, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1433</span>; ὦ Κῦρε, μὴ οὕτω λέγε· εἰ δὲ μή, οὐ θαρροῦντά με ἕξεις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.35</span>; οὔτ' ἐν τῷ ὕδατι τὰ ὅπλα ἦν ἔχειν· εἰ δὲ μή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>4.3.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.28</span>, <span class="bibl">131</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>91c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">εἰ δέ</b> sts. stands for εἰ δὲ μή, εἰ μὲν βούλεται, ἑψέτω· εἰ δ', ὅτι βούλεται, τοῦτο ποιείτω <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>285c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>212c</span>; εἰ δ' οὖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>722</span>; εἰ δ' οὕτως <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1094a24</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ τοῦτο</b> and <b class="b2">if</b> so, <span class="bibl">Str.2.1.29</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">εἰ γάρ</b> for <b class="b2">if</b> so, <span class="bibl">Id.7.3.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">e</span> <b class="b3">εἴ τις</b> <b class="b2">if</b> any, i. e. <b class="b2">as much as</b> or <b class="b2">more than</b> any, τῶν γε νῦν αἴ τις ἐπιχθονίων, ὀρθῶς <span class="bibl">B.5.5</span>; ὄτλον ἄλγιστον ἔσχον, εἴ τις Αἰτωλὶς γυνή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>734</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ τις ἄλλος</b>, <b class="b2">siquis alius</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>6</span>, etc.; εἴ τινες καὶ ἄλλοι <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.2</span>, etc.; εἴπερ τις ἄλλος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>501d</span>; also <b class="b3">κατ' εἰ δέ τινα τρόπον</b> in <b class="b2">any</b> way, <span class="title">IG</span> 5(2).6.27 (Tegea). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">f</span> <b class="b3">εἴ ποτε</b> or <b class="b3">εἴπερ ποτέ</b> <b class="b2">now if</b> ever, ἡμῖν δὲ καλῶς, εἴπερ ποτέ, ἔχει . . ἡ ξυναλλαγή <span class="bibl">Th.4.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>594</span>; αἴ ποτα κἄλλοτα Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7.11, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.12</span>, etc.; but in prayers, εἴ ποτέ τοι ἐπὶ νηὸν ἔρεψα . . τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ <span class="bibl">Il.1.39</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">g</span> <b class="b3">εἴ ποθεν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">δυνατόν ἐστι</b>) <b class="b2">if</b> from any quarter, i.e. from some quarter or other, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1204</span> (lyr.); so <b class="b3">εἴ ποθι</b> somewhere, anywhere, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>885</span> (lyr.); εἴ που <span class="bibl">Od.4.193</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">h</span> <b class="b3">εἴ πως</b> ib.<span class="bibl">388</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.11</span>: in an elliptical sentence (cf. VII. <span class="bibl">1</span>), πρέσβεις πέμψαντες, εἴ πως πείσειαν <span class="bibl">Th.1.58</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VIII</span> with other PARTICLES: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> for the distinction between <b class="b3">καὶ εἰ</b> (or <b class="b3">καὶ ἐάν</b>, or <b class="b3">κἄν</b>) even <b class="b2">if</b>, and <b class="b3">εἰ καί</b> (or <b class="b3">ἐὰν καί</b>) even <b class="b2">though</b>, v. [[καί]]:—the opposite of <b class="b3">καὶ εἰ</b> is <b class="b3">οὐδ' εἰ</b>, not even <b class="b2">if</b>; that of <b class="b3">εἰ καί</b> is <b class="b3">εἰ μηδέ</b>, <b class="b2">if (although</b>) not even. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> for <b class="b3">ὡς εἰ, ὡς εἴ τε, ὥσπερ εἰ</b>, etc., v. [[ὡς]] and <b class="b3">ὥσπερ</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> for <b class="b3">εἰ ἄρα</b>, v. [[ἄρα]]; for <b class="b3">εἰ δή, εἴπερ</b>, v. [[εἰ δή, εἴπερ]]; for <b class="b3">εἴ γε</b>, v. [[γέ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IX</span> in neg. oaths, = Hebr. <b class="b2">im</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ps.</span>94(95).11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>8.12</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS, <b class="b2">whether</b>, folld. by the ind., subj., or opt., according to the principles of oratio obliqua: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> with IND. after primary tenses, representing the same tense in the direct question, <b class="b3">σάφα δ' οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ θεός ἐστιν</b> <b class="b2">whether</b> he is a god, <span class="bibl">Il.5.183</span>; εἰ ξυμπονήσεις . . σκόπει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>41</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with SUBJ. after primary tenses, representing a dubitative subj. in the direct question, <b class="b3">τὰ ἐκπώματα οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ Χρυσάντᾳ τουτῳῒ δῶ</b> <b class="b2">whether</b> I should give them, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.4.16</span>: sts. elliptical, ἐς τὰ χρηστήρια ἔπεμπε, εἰ στρατεύηται ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.75</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> OPT. after past tenses, representing either of the two previous constructions in the direct question, <b class="b3">ἤρετο εἴ τις ἐμοῦ εἴη σοφώτερος</b> he asked <b class="b2">whether</b> any one was wiser than I (direct <b class="b3">ἔστι τις σοφώτερος</b>;), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>21a</span>; ἐπεκηρυκεύετο Πεισιστράτῳ, εἰ βούλοιτό οἱ τὴν θυγατέρα ἔχειν γυναῖκα <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.60</span>: rarely aor. opt. for the aor. ind., <b class="b3">ἠρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ ἀναπλεύσειεν</b> I asked him <b class="b2">whether</b> he had set sail (direct <b class="b3">ἀνέπλευσας</b>;), <span class="bibl">D.50.55</span>: but aor. opt. usually represents aor. subj., <b class="b3">τὸν θεὸν ἐπήροντο εἰ παραδοῖεν Κορινθίοις τὴν πόλιν . . καὶ τιμωρίαν τινὰ πειρῷντ' ἀπ' αὐτῶν ποιεῖσθαι</b> they asked <b class="b2">whether</b> they should deliver their city to the Corinthians, and should try... <span class="bibl">Th.1.25</span>:—in both constructions the ind. or subj. may be retained, <b class="b3">ψῆφον ἐβούλοντο ἐπαγαγεῖν εἰ χρὴ πολεμεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">119</span>; <b class="b3">ἐβουλεύοντο εἴτε κατακαύσωσιν . . εἴτε τι ἄλλο χρήσωνται</b> <b class="b2">whether</b> they should burn them or should dispose of them in some other way, <span class="bibl">Id.2.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνακοινοῦσθαι αὐτὸν αὑτῷ εἰ δῷ ἐπιψηφίσαι τοῖς προέδροις</b> [he said that] he consulted him <b class="b2">whether</b> he should give... <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.68</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> with OPT. and <b class="b3">ἄν</b> when this was the form of the direct question, <b class="b3">ἠρώτων εἰ δοῖεν ἂν τούτων τὰ πιστά</b> they asked <b class="b2">whether</b> they would give (direct <b class="b3">δοιήτε ἄν</b>;), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.8.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> the NEG. used with <b class="b3">εἰ</b> in indirect questions is <b class="b3">οὐ</b>, when <b class="b3">οὐ</b> would be used in the direct question, <b class="b3">ἐνετέλλετο . . εἰρωτᾶν εἰ οὔ τι ἐπαισχύνεται</b> <b class="b2">whether</b> he is not ashamed, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.90</span>, etc.; but if <b class="b3">μή</b> would be required in the direct form, it is retained in the indirect, <b class="b3">οὐ τοῦτο ἐρωτῶ, ἀλλ' εἰ τοῦ μὲν δικαίου μὴ ἀξιοῖ πλέον ἔχειν μηδὲ βούλεται ὁ δίκαιος, τοῦ δὲ ἀδίκου</b> (the direct question would be <b class="b3">μὴ ἀξιοῖ μηδὲ βούλεται</b>; he does not see fit nor wish, does he?) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 349b</span>:—in double indirect questions, <b class="b3">εἴτε . . εἴτε . . ; εἰ . . εἴτε . . ; εἴτε . . ἢ</b>... either <b class="b3">οὐ</b> or <b class="b3">μή</b> can be used in the second clause, ὅπως ἴδῃς εἴτ' ἔνδον εἴτ' οὐκ ἔνδον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>7</span>; σκοπῶμεν εἰ ἡμῖν πρέπει ἢ οὔ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>451d</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ ἀληθὲς ἢ μή, πειράσομαι μαθεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">339a</span>; πολλὰ ἂν περιεσκέψω, εἴτε ἐπιτρεπτέον εἴτε οὔ· . . οὐδένα λόγον οὐδὲ συμβουλὴν ποιῇ, εἴτε χρὴ ἐπιτρέπειν σαυτὸν αὐτῷ εἴτε μή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>313a</span>, <span class="bibl">313b</span>; ἀνάγκη τὴν ἐμὴν μητέρα, εἴτε θυγάτηρ ἦν Κίρωνος εἴτε μή, καὶ εἰ παρ' ἐκείνῳ διῃτᾶτο ἢ οὔ, καὶ γάμους εἰ διττοὺς ὑπὲρ ταύτης εἱστίασεν ἢ μὴ . . πάντα ταῦτα εἰδέναι τοὺς οἰκέτας <span class="bibl">Is.8.9</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή.. τοὺς λόγους εἰ ὀρθῶς ὑμᾶς διδάσκουσιν ἢ οὔ</b> <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.14</span>.</span> | |Definition=Att.-Ion. and Arc. (for <b class="b3">εἰκ</b>, v. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span> ad init.), = Dor. and Aeol. <b class="b3">αἰ, αἰκ</b> (q. v.), Cypr. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> ἤ <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.10 H., both <b class="b3">εἰ</b> and <b class="b3">αἰ</b> in Ep.:— Particle used interjectionally with imper. and to express a wish, but usu. either in conditions, <b class="b2">if</b>, or in indirect questions, <b class="b2">whether</b>. In the former use its regular negative is <b class="b3">μή</b>; in the latter, <b class="b3">οὐ</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">A</span> INTERJECTIONALLY, in Hom., <b class="b2">come now</b>! c. imper., εἰ δὲ . . ἄκουσον <span class="bibl">Il.9.262</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ φευγόντων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">46</span>; most freq. with <b class="b3">ἄγε</b> (q. v.), <span class="bibl">1.302</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> in wishes, c. opt., ἀλλ' εἴ τις . . καλέσειεν <span class="bibl">10.111</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.74</span>; so later, εἴ μοι ξυνείη μοῖρα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>863</span> (lyr.); εἴ μοι γένοιτο φθόγγος ἐν βραχίοσιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>836</span>: more freq. folld. by γάρ, αἲ γὰρ δὴ οὕτως εἴη <span class="bibl">Il.4.189</span>, al.; εἰ γὰρ γενοίμην ἀντὶ σοῦ νεκρός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span> 1410</span>; εἰ γὰρ γένοιτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.38</span>; εἰ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ εἴη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>310d</span>; of unattained wishes, in Hom. only c. opt., εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼν . . Διὸς πάϊς αἰγιόχοιο εἴην <span class="bibl">Il.13.825</span>; Ζεῦ πάτερ, αἰ γὰρ ἐμὸς πόσις εἴη <span class="bibl">Alcm.29</span>; later with past tenses of ind., εἰ γάρ μ' ὑπὸ γῆν . . ἧκεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>152</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ τοσαύτην δύναμιν εἶχον ὥστε</b> . . <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1072</span>: twice in Od. c. inf. (cf. the use of inf. in commands), αἰ γὰρ τοῖος ἐὼν . . ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεσθαι <span class="bibl">7.311</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.376</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">εἴθε</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">αἴθε</b>, is freq. used in wishes in the above constructions, εἴθε οἱ αὐτῷ Ζεὺς ἀγαθὸν τελέσειεν <span class="bibl">2.33</span>; εἴθ' ὣς ἡβώοιμι <span class="bibl">Il.7.157</span>; ἰὼ γᾶ, εἴθ' ἔμ' ἐδέξω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1537</span> (lyr.); εἴθε σοι, ὦ Περίκλεις, τότε συνεγενόμην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.46</span>: later c. inf., γαίης χθαμαλωτέρη εἴθε . . κεῖσθαι <span class="title">AP</span>9.284 (Crin.). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">εἰ γάρ, εἴθε</b> are also used with <b class="b3">ὤφελον</b> (Ep. <b class="b3">ὤφελλον</b>), of past unattained wishes, αἴθ' ὤφελλες στρατοῦ ἄλλου σημαίνειν <span class="bibl">Il.14.84</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον [κατιδεῖν</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>432c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> folld. by a clause expressing a consequence of the fulfilment of the wish, <b class="b3">αἰ γὰρ τοῦτο . . ἔπος τετελεσμένον εἴη· τῷ κε τάχα γνοίης</b> . . <span class="bibl">Od. 15.536</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">17.496</span>, al.; sts. hard to distinguish from <b class="b3">εἰ</b> in conditions (which may be derived from this use), εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη <span class="bibl">Il.7.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">B</span> IN CONDITIONS, <b class="b2">if</b>: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">I</span> with INDIC., </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> with all tenses (for fut., v. infr. <span class="bibl">2</span>), to state a condition, with nothing implied as to its fulfilment, <b class="b3">εἰ δ' οὕτω τοῦτ' ἐστίν, ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον εἶναι</b> but <b class="b2">if</b> this is so, it will be... <span class="bibl">Il.1.564</span>: any form of the Verb may stand in apodosi, εἰ θεοί τι δρῶσιν αἰσχρόν, οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>292.7</span>; εἰ δοκεῖ, πλέωμεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 526</span>; εἰ Φαῖδρον ἀγνοῶ, καὶ ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπιλέλησμαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>228a</span>; κάκιστ' ἀπολοίμην, Ξανθίαν εἰ μὴ φιλῶ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>579</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.17.475</span>; εἰ θεοῦ ἦν, οὐκ ἦν αἰσχροκερδής· εἰ δ' αἰσχροκερδής, οὐκ ἦν θεοῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>408c</span>; εἰ ταῦτα λέγων διαφθείρω τοὺς νέους, ταῦτ' ἂν εἴη βλαβερά <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>30b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25b</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ οὗτοι ὀρθῶς ἀπέστησαν, ὑμεῖς ἂν οὐ χρεὼν ἄρχοιτε</b> <b class="b2">if</b> these were right in their revolt, (it would follow that) you rule when you have no right, <span class="bibl">Th.3.40</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> to express a general condition, <b class="b2">if ever, whenever</b>, sts. with pres., εἴ τις δύο ἢ καὶ πλείους τις ἡμέρας λογίζεται, μάταιός ἐστιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>943</span>: with impf., εἴ τίς τι ἠρώτα ἀπεκρίνοντο <span class="bibl">Th.7.10</span>: rarely with aor., <span class="bibl">D.S.31.26.1</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>1.84</span>; cf. <span class="bibl">111.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with fut. (much less freq. than <b class="b3">ἐάν</b> c. subj.), either to express a future supposition emphatically, εἰ φθάσομεν τοὺς πολεμίους κατακαίνοντες οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν ἀποθανεῖται <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.19</span>; εἰ μὴ βοηθήσετε οὐ περιέσται τἀκεῖ <span class="bibl">Th.6.91</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ αὕτη ἡ πόλις ληφθήσεται, ἔχεται ἡ πᾶσα Σικελία</b> ibid.; in threats or warnings, εἰ μὴ καθέξεις γλῶσσαν ἔσται σοι κακά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>5</span>; εἰ τιμωρήσεις Πατρόκλῳ, αὐτὸς ἀποθανῇ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>28c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.28.21</span>: or, </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> to express a present intention or expectation, <b class="b3">αἶρε πλῆκτρον εἰ μαχεῖ</b> <b class="b2">if</b> you mean to fight, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>759</span>; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἀνήρ . . εἰ ταῦτ' ἀνατεὶ τῇδε κείσεται κράτη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>485</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.1.61</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>863</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> with historical tenses, implying that the condition is or was unfulfilled. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> with impf., referring to present time or to continued or repeated action in past time (in Hom. always the latter, <span class="bibl">Il.24.715</span>, al.): <b class="b3">ταῦτα οὐκ ἂν ἐδύναντο ποιεῖν, εἰ μὴ διαίτῃ μετρίᾳ ἐχρῶντο</b> they would not be able to do this (as they do), <b class="b2">if</b> they did not live an abstemious life, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>489b</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν</b> he (Agamemnon) would not have been master of islands, <b class="b2">if</b> he had not had also some naval force, <span class="bibl">Th.1.9</span>; αἰ δ' ἦχες ἔσλων ἴμερον ἢ κάλων . . αἴδως κεν . . ἦχεν Sapph.28; <b class="b3">εἰ ἦσαν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοὶ . . οὐκ ἄν ποτε ταῦτα ἔπασχον</b> <b class="b2">if</b> they had been good men, they would never have suffered as they did, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>516e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.5</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδἐ . . οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε</b> <b class="b2">if</b> I had known this... <span class="bibl">Il.8.366</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> with aor. referring to past time, εἰ μὴ ἔφυσε θεὸς μέλι . . ἔφασκον γλύσσονα σῦκα πέλεσθαι <span class="bibl">Xenoph.38</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς ἤλθετε, ἐπορευόμεθα ἂν ἐπὶ βασιλέα</b> had you not come, we should be on our way... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.4</span>; καὶ ἴσως ἂν ἀπέθανον, εἰ μὴ ἡ ἀρχὴ διὰ ταχέων κατελύθη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>32d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.5.680</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.364</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">27.63</span>: with plpf. in apodosi, εἰ τριάκοντα μόναι μετέπεσον τῶν ψήφων, ἀπεπεφεύγη ἄν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>36a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> rarely with plpf. referring to action finished in past or present time, <b class="b3">λοιπὸν δ' ἂν ἦν ἡμῖν ἔτι περὶ τῆς πόλεως διαλεχθῆναι, εἰ μὴ προτέρα τῶν ἄλλων τὴν εἰρήνην ἐπεποίητο</b> <b class="b2">if</b> she had not (as she has done) made peace before the rest, <span class="bibl">Isoc.5.56</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>21c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> with SUBJ., <b class="b3">εἰ</b> is regularly joined with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> (Ep. κε<b class="b3">, κεν</b>), cf. [[ἐάν]]: Arc. <b class="b3">εἰκαν</b> in Tegean Inscrr. of iv B. C. (<span class="title">IG</span>5(2).3.16, 31, 6.2, <span class="title">SIG</span>306.34) should be understood as <b class="b3">εἰκ ἄν</b> (<b class="b3">εἰ</b>: <b class="b3">εἰκ</b> = [[οὐ]]: <b class="b3">οὐκ</b>), since <b class="b3">εἰ δ' ἄν</b> is also found in <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).3.2, 6.45, and <b class="b3">εἰκ</b> alone, ib.3.21; but <b class="b3">ἄν</b> (κε, κεν) are freq. absent in Hom. as <span class="bibl">Od.5.221</span>, <span class="bibl">14.373</span> (and cf. infr. <span class="bibl">2</span>), and Lyr., Pi. (who never uses <b class="b3">εἰ</b> with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> or κε (ν)) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>4.266</span>, al.; in dialects, αἰ δείλητ' ἀγχωρεῖν <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).334.6 (Locr., v B. C.), cf. Foed.Dor. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.5.79</span>; rarely in Hdt., εἰ μὴ ἀναβῇ <span class="bibl">2.13</span>; occasionally in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 234</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>198</span> (lyr.), etc.; very rarely in Att. Prose, εἰ ξυστῶσιν αἱ πόλεις <span class="bibl">Th.6.21</span>; εἴ τι που ἄλσος ἢ τέμενος ἀφειμένον ᾖ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>761c</span>: in later Prose, εἴ τις θελήσῃ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>11.5</span>; εἰ φονεύῃ <span class="bibl">Plot.2.9.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">Inst.</span>26</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> when the apodosis is fut., to express a future condition more distinctly and vividly than <b class="b3">εἰ</b> c. opt., but less so than <b class="b3">εἰ</b> c. fut. ind. (supr. <span class="bibl">1.2a</span>); <b class="b3">εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἕρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ'</b> . . <b class="b2">if</b> thou do thus... thou shalt know, <span class="bibl">Il.2.364</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.128</span>, <span class="bibl">3.281</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.17.549</span>; ἂν δέ τις ἀνθιστῆται, σὺν ὑμῖν πειρασόμεθα χειροῦσθαι <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>7.3.11</span>; <b class="b3">ἂν μὴ νῦν ἐθέλωμεν ἐκεῖ πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ, ἐνθάδ' ἴσως ἀναγκασθησόμεθα</b> <b class="b3">τοῦτο ποιεῖν</b> <b class="b2">if</b> we be not now willing, <span class="bibl">D.4.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span> 5.3.27</span>: folld. by imper., <b class="b3">ἢν εἰρήνης δοκῆτε δεῖσθαι, ἄνευ ὅπλων ἥκετε</b> ib.<span class="bibl">3.2.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.4.30</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> when the apodosis is present, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition, <b class="b2">if ever</b>, <b class="b3">ἤν ποτε δασμὸς ἵκηται, σοὶ τὸ γέρας πολὺ μεῖζον</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἐστί</b>) <b class="b2">whenever</b> a division comes, your prize is (always) greater, <span class="bibl">Il.1.166</span>; <b class="b3">ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν</b> <b class="b2">if</b> death come near, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span> 671</span>; with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> omitted, εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον . . καταπέψῃ ἀλλά . . ἔχει κότον <span class="bibl">Il.1.81</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> with Rhet. present in apodosis, <b class="b3">ἐὰν μὴ οἱ φιλόσοφοι βασιλεύσωσιν, οὐκ ἔστι κακῶν παῦλα</b> there is (i.e. can be, will be) no rest... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>473d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> with OPTATIVE (never with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> in early Gr., later <b class="b3">ἐάν</b> c. opt., <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>114</span>, al.), </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> to express a future condition less definitely than <b class="b3">ἐάν</b> c. subj., usu. with opt. with <b class="b3">ἄν</b> in apod., <b class="b3">ἦ κεν γηθήσαι Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες . . εἰ σφῶιν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιιν</b> surely they would exult, <b class="b2">if</b> they should hear... <span class="bibl">Il.1.255</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.223</span>; εἴης φορητὸς οὐκ ἄν, εἰ πράσσοις καλῶς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>979</span>; οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄν με ἐπαινοίη, εἰ ἐξελαύνοιμι τοὺς εὐεργέτας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.7.11</span>; οἶκος δ' αὐτός, εἰ φθογγὴν λάβοι, σαφέστατ' ἂν λέξειεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>37</span>, etc.: fut. opt. is f.l. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>164a</span>: with pres. ind. in apod., <span class="bibl">Xenoph.34.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Democr.253</span>: with fut.ind., <span class="bibl">Meliss.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> in Hom.sts. with pres. opt., to express an unfulfilled present condition, <b class="b3">εἰ μὲν νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ τὰ πρῶτα φεροίμην</b> <b class="b2">if</b> we were now contending, etc., <span class="bibl">Il.23.274</span>: rarely in Trag., <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ κνίζοι</b>( = [[εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε]]) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>568</span>; also εἰ ἀναγκαῖον εἴη ἀδικεῖν ἢ ἀδικεῖσθαι, ἑλοίμην ἂν μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>469c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> when the apodosis is past, denoting customary or repeated action, to express a general condition in past time (corresponding to use of subj. in present time, supr. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>); once in Hom., εἴ τίς με . . ἐνίπτοι, ἀλλὰ σὺ τόν γ' . . κατέρυκες <span class="bibl">Il.24.768</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δέ τινας θορυβουμένους αἴσθοιτο... κατασβεννύναι τὴν ταραχὴν ἐπειρᾶτο</b> <b class="b2">if</b> he should see (<b class="b2">whenever</b> he saw) any troops in confusion, he (always) tried, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.55</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>4.5.13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.40</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ τις ἀντείποι, εὐθὺς ἐτεθνήκει</b> <b class="b2">if</b> any one made objection, he was a dead man at once, <span class="bibl">Th. 8.66</span>; ἀλλ' εἴ τι μὴ φέροιμεν, ὤτρυνεν φέρειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc./span>755</span>. For <b class="b3">εἰ</b> c. ind. in this sense v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>: ind. and opt. are found in same sentence, ἐμίσει, οὐκ εἴ τις κακῶς πάσχων ἠμύνετο, ἀλλ' εἴ τις εὐεργετούμενος ἀχάριστος φαίνοιτο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>11.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> in oratio obliqua after past tenses, representing <b class="b3">ἐάν</b> c. subj. or <b class="b3">εἰ</b> with a primary (never an historical) tense of the ind. in oratio recta, <b class="b3">ἐλογίζοντο ὡς, εἰ μὴ μάχοιντο, ἀποστήσοιντο αἱ πόλεις</b> (representing <b class="b3">ἐὰν μὴ μαχώμεθα, ἀποστήσονται</b>) <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.4.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.21.104</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.2.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἔλεγεν ὅτι, εἰ βλαβερὰ πεπραχὼς εἴη, δίκαιος εἴη ζημιοῦσθαι</b> (representing <b class="b3">εἰ βλαβερὰ πέπραχε, δίκαιός ἐστι</b>) ib.<span class="bibl">32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>6.6.25</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δέ τινα φεύγοντα λήψοιτο, προηγόρευεν ὅτι ὡς πολεμίῳ χρήσοιτο</b> (representing <b class="b3">εἴ τινα λήψομαι, χρήσομαι</b>) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.3</span>; also, where oratio obliqua is implied in the leading clause, <b class="b3">οὐκ ἦν τοῦ πολέμου πέρας Φιλίππῳ, εἰ μὴ Θηβαίους . . ἐχθροὺς ποιήσειε τῇ πόλει</b>, i.e. Philip thought there would be no end to the war, <b class="b2">un</b>less he should make . . (his thought having been <b class="b3">ἐὰν μὴ ποιήσω</b>), <span class="bibl">D.18.145</span>; ἐβούλοντο γὰρ σφίσιν, εἴ τινα λάβοιεν, ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον, ἢν ἄρα τύχωσί τινες ἐζωγρημένοι <span class="bibl">Th.2.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> c. opt. with <b class="b3">ἄν</b>, only when the clause serves as apodosis as well as protasis, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>329b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.4.18</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.5.3</span> (v. ἄν A. 111. d). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IV</span> c. INF., in oratio obliqua, only in Hdt., εἰ γὰρ δὴ δεῖν πάντως περιθεῖναι ἄλλῳ τέῳ τὴν βασιληΐην, [ἔφη] δικαιότερον εἶναι κτλ. <span class="bibl">1.129</span>; εἰ εἶναι τοῦτο μὴ φίλον <span class="bibl">2.64</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">172</span>, <span class="bibl">3.105</span>,<span class="bibl">108</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">V</span> after Verbs denoting <b class="b2">wonder, delight, indignation, disappointment, contentment</b>, and similar emotions, <b class="b3">εἰ</b> c. ind. is used instead of <b class="b3">ὅτι</b>, to express the object of the feeling in a hypothetical form, <b class="b3">θαυμάζω εἰ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν μήτ' ἐνθυμεῖται μήτ' ὀργίζεται, ὁρῶν</b> . . I wonder <b class="b2">that</b> no one of you is either concerned or angry when he sees... <span class="bibl">D.4.43</span>; οὐκ ἀγαπᾷ εἰ μὴ δίκην δέδωκεν, ἀλλ' εἰ μὴ καὶ χρυσῷ στεφάνῳ στεφανωθήσεται ἀγανακτεῖ <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.147</span>: after past tenses, ἐθαύμασε δ' εἰ μὴ φανερόν ἐστιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.13</span>; δεινὸν εἰσῄει, εἰ μὴ . . δόξει <span class="bibl">D.19.33</span>; ἐθαύμαζον εἴ τι ἕξει τις χρήσασθαι τῷ λόγῳ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>95a</span>; οὐδὲ ᾐσχύνθη εἰ . . ἐπάγει <span class="bibl">D.21.105</span>: in oratio obliqua (expressed or implied) c. opt., <b class="b3">ἐπεῖπεν ὡς δεινὸν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">εἴη</b>) εἰ . . μεγαλόψυχος γένοιτο <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.157</span>; ᾤκτιρον εἰ ἁλώσοιντο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.4.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἐθαύμαζε δ' εἴ τις ἀρετὴν ἐπαγγελλόμενος ἀργύριον πράττοιτο</b> he wondered <b class="b2">that</b> any one should demand money, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἔχαιρον ἀγαπῶν εἴ τις ἐάσοι</b> I rejoiced, being content <b class="b2">if</b> any one should let it pass, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>450a</span>:—in this use the neg. <b class="b3">οὐ</b> is also found, ἀγανακτῶ εἰ ὁ Φίλιππος ἁρπάζων οὐ λυπεῖ <span class="bibl">D.8.55</span>; δεινὸν ἂν εἴη εἰ οἱ ἐκείνων ξύμμαχοι οὐκ ἀπεροῦσιν <span class="bibl">Th.1.121</span>; τέρας λέγεις, εἰ οὐκ ἂν δύναιντο λαθεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>91d</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VI</span> in citing a fact as a ground of argument or appeal, <b class="b2">as surely as, since</b>, <b class="b3">εἴ ποτ' ἔην γε</b> <b class="b2">if</b> there was [as there was], i.e. <b class="b2">as sure as</b> there was such an one, <span class="bibl">Il.3.180</span>, al.; εἰ τότε κοῦρος ἔα, νῦν αὖτέ με γῆρας ὀπάζει <span class="bibl">4.321</span>; <b class="b3">πολλοὺς γὰρ οἶκε εἶναι εὐπετέστερον διαβάλλειν ἢ ἕνα, εἰ Κλεομένεα μὲν μοῦνον οὐκ οἷός τε ἐγένετο διαβαλεῖν, τρεῖς δὲ μυριάδας Ἀθηναίων ἐποίησε τοῦτο</b> it seems easier to deceive many than one, <b class="b2">if</b> (as was the fact, i.e. <b class="b2">since</b>) he was not able... <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.97</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.60</span>,al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VII</span> ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTIONS: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> with apodosis implied in the context, <b class="b3">εἰ</b> having the force of <b class="b2">in case, supposing that</b>, <b class="b3">πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, εἰ ἐπιβοηθοῖεν, ἐχώρουν</b> they marched towards the city [so as to meet the citizens], <b class="b2">in case</b> they should rush out, <span class="bibl">Th.6.100</span>; <b class="b3">ἱκέται πρὸς σὲ δεῦρ' ἀφίγμεθα, εἴ τινα πόλιν φράσειας ἡμῖν εὔερον</b> we have come hither to you, <b class="b2">in case</b> you should tell us of some fleecy city (i.e. that we might hear of it), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>120</span>; <b class="b3">παρέζεο καὶ λαβὲ γούνων, αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι</b> sit by him and grasp his knees [so as to persuade him], <b class="b2">in case</b> he be willing to help the Trojans, <span class="bibl">Il.1.408</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">66</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.94</span>, <span class="bibl">3.92</span>; <b class="b3">ἄκουσον καὶ ἐμοῦ, ἐάν σοι ἔτι ταὐτὰ δοκῇ</b> hear me also [that you may assent], <b class="b2">in case</b> the same opinion please you, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>358b</span>; <b class="b3">ἰδὲ δή, ἐάν σοι ὅπερ ἐμοὶ συνδοκῇ</b> look now, <b class="b2">in case</b> you approve what I do, ib. <span class="bibl">434a</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with apodosis suppressed for rhetorical reasons, <b class="b3">εἴ περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλῃσιν Ὀλύμπιος . . στυφελίξαι</b> <b class="b2">if</b> he wish to thrust him away, [he will do so], <span class="bibl">Il.1.580</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὲν δώσουσι γέρας—· εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι</b> <b class="b2">if</b> they shall give me a prize, [well and good]; but <b class="b2">if</b> they give not, then I will take one for myself, <span class="bibl">1.135</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.150</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>468</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ ἢν μὲν ξυμβῇ ἡ πεῖρα—· εἰ δὲ μή</b> . . and <b class="b2">if</b> the attempt succeed, [well]; otherwise... <span class="bibl">Th.3.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>325d</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> with the Verb of the protasis omitted, chiefly in the following expressions: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">a</span> <b class="b3">εἰ μή</b> <b class="b2">except</b>, οὐδὲν ἄλλο σιτέονται, εἰ μὴ ἰχθῦς μοῦνον <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.200</span>; <b class="b3">μὰ τὼ θεώ, εἰ μὴ Κρίτυλλά γ' [εἰμί</b>]—nay, <b class="b2">if</b> I'm not Critylla! i.e. I am, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>898</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ μὴ ὅσον</b> <b class="b2">except</b> only, ἐγὼ μέν μιν οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ ὅσον γραφῇ <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.73</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.45</span>, <span class="bibl">2.20</span>; εἰ μὴ εἰ <span class="bibl">Th.1.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>480b</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ μή τι οὖν, ἀλλὰ σμικρόν γέ μοι τῆς ἀρχῆς χάλασον</b> <b class="b2">if</b> nothing else, yet... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Men.</span>86e</span>; ironical, εἰ μὴ ἄρα ἡ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλεια διαφθορά ἐστιν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.8</span>; εἰ μή πέρ γε τὸν ὑοσκύαμον χρήματα εἶναι φήσομεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Oec.</span>1.13</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ μή</b> but <b class="b2">if</b> not, i.e. <b class="b2">otherwise</b>, προηγόρευε τοῖς Λαμψακηνοῖσι μετιέναι Μιλτιάδεα, εἰ δὲ μή, σφέας πίτυος τρόπον ἀπείλεε ἐκτρίψειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">56</span>; after <b class="b3">μάλιστα μέν</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.32</span>,<span class="bibl">35</span>, etc.:—after a preceding neg., <b class="b3">μὴ τύπτ'· εἰ δὲ μή, σαυτόν ποτ' αἰτιάσει</b> don't beat me; <b class="b2">otherwise</b>, you will have yourself to blame, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1433</span>; ὦ Κῦρε, μὴ οὕτω λέγε· εἰ δὲ μή, οὐ θαρροῦντά με ἕξεις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.35</span>; οὔτ' ἐν τῷ ὕδατι τὰ ὅπλα ἦν ἔχειν· εἰ δὲ μή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>4.3.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.28</span>, <span class="bibl">131</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>91c</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">εἰ δέ</b> sts. stands for εἰ δὲ μή, εἰ μὲν βούλεται, ἑψέτω· εἰ δ', ὅτι βούλεται, τοῦτο ποιείτω <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>285c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>212c</span>; εἰ δ' οὖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>722</span>; εἰ δ' οὕτως <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1094a24</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ δὲ τοῦτο</b> and <b class="b2">if</b> so, <span class="bibl">Str.2.1.29</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">εἰ γάρ</b> for <b class="b2">if</b> so, <span class="bibl">Id.7.3.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">e</span> <b class="b3">εἴ τις</b> <b class="b2">if</b> any, i. e. <b class="b2">as much as</b> or <b class="b2">more than</b> any, τῶν γε νῦν αἴ τις ἐπιχθονίων, ὀρθῶς <span class="bibl">B.5.5</span>; ὄτλον ἄλγιστον ἔσχον, εἴ τις Αἰτωλὶς γυνή <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>734</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ τις ἄλλος</b>, <b class="b2">siquis alius</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>6</span>, etc.; εἴ τινες καὶ ἄλλοι <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.2</span>, etc.; εἴπερ τις ἄλλος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>501d</span>; also <b class="b3">κατ' εἰ δέ τινα τρόπον</b> in <b class="b2">any</b> way, <span class="title">IG</span> 5(2).6.27 (Tegea). </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">f</span> <b class="b3">εἴ ποτε</b> or <b class="b3">εἴπερ ποτέ</b> <b class="b2">now if</b> ever, ἡμῖν δὲ καλῶς, εἴπερ ποτέ, ἔχει . . ἡ ξυναλλαγή <span class="bibl">Th.4.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>594</span>; αἴ ποτα κἄλλοτα Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>7.11, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.12</span>, etc.; but in prayers, εἴ ποτέ τοι ἐπὶ νηὸν ἔρεψα . . τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ <span class="bibl">Il.1.39</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">g</span> <b class="b3">εἴ ποθεν</b> (sc. <b class="b3">δυνατόν ἐστι</b>) <b class="b2">if</b> from any quarter, i.e. from some quarter or other, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1204</span> (lyr.); so <b class="b3">εἴ ποθι</b> somewhere, anywhere, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>885</span> (lyr.); εἴ που <span class="bibl">Od.4.193</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">h</span> <b class="b3">εἴ πως</b> ib.<span class="bibl">388</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.11</span>: in an elliptical sentence (cf. VII. <span class="bibl">1</span>), πρέσβεις πέμψαντες, εἴ πως πείσειαν <span class="bibl">Th.1.58</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">VIII</span> with other PARTICLES: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> for the distinction between <b class="b3">καὶ εἰ</b> (or <b class="b3">καὶ ἐάν</b>, or <b class="b3">κἄν</b>) even <b class="b2">if</b>, and <b class="b3">εἰ καί</b> (or <b class="b3">ἐὰν καί</b>) even <b class="b2">though</b>, v. [[καί]]:—the opposite of <b class="b3">καὶ εἰ</b> is <b class="b3">οὐδ' εἰ</b>, not even <b class="b2">if</b>; that of <b class="b3">εἰ καί</b> is <b class="b3">εἰ μηδέ</b>, <b class="b2">if (although</b>) not even. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> for <b class="b3">ὡς εἰ, ὡς εἴ τε, ὥσπερ εἰ</b>, etc., v. [[ὡς]] and <b class="b3">ὥσπερ</b>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> for <b class="b3">εἰ ἄρα</b>, v. [[ἄρα]]; for <b class="b3">εἰ δή, εἴπερ</b>, v. [[εἰ δή, εἴπερ]]; for <b class="b3">εἴ γε</b>, v. [[γέ]]. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">IX</span> in neg. oaths, = Hebr. <b class="b2">im</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ps.</span>94(95).11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>8.12</span>, al. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">C</span> IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS, <b class="b2">whether</b>, folld. by the ind., subj., or opt., according to the principles of oratio obliqua: </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">1</span> with IND. after primary tenses, representing the same tense in the direct question, <b class="b3">σάφα δ' οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ θεός ἐστιν</b> <b class="b2">whether</b> he is a god, <span class="bibl">Il.5.183</span>; εἰ ξυμπονήσεις . . σκόπει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>41</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">2</span> with SUBJ. after primary tenses, representing a dubitative subj. in the direct question, <b class="b3">τὰ ἐκπώματα οὐκ οἶδ' εἰ Χρυσάντᾳ τουτῳῒ δῶ</b> <b class="b2">whether</b> I should give them, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.4.16</span>: sts. elliptical, ἐς τὰ χρηστήρια ἔπεμπε, εἰ στρατεύηται ἐπὶ τοὺς Πέρσας <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.75</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">3</span> OPT. after past tenses, representing either of the two previous constructions in the direct question, <b class="b3">ἤρετο εἴ τις ἐμοῦ εἴη σοφώτερος</b> he asked <b class="b2">whether</b> any one was wiser than I (direct <b class="b3">ἔστι τις σοφώτερος</b>;), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>21a</span>; ἐπεκηρυκεύετο Πεισιστράτῳ, εἰ βούλοιτό οἱ τὴν θυγατέρα ἔχειν γυναῖκα <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.60</span>: rarely aor. opt. for the aor. ind., <b class="b3">ἠρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ ἀναπλεύσειεν</b> I asked him <b class="b2">whether</b> he had set sail (direct <b class="b3">ἀνέπλευσας</b>;), <span class="bibl">D.50.55</span>: but aor. opt. usually represents aor. subj., <b class="b3">τὸν θεὸν ἐπήροντο εἰ παραδοῖεν Κορινθίοις τὴν πόλιν . . καὶ τιμωρίαν τινὰ πειρῷντ' ἀπ' αὐτῶν ποιεῖσθαι</b> they asked <b class="b2">whether</b> they should deliver their city to the Corinthians, and should try... <span class="bibl">Th.1.25</span>:—in both constructions the ind. or subj. may be retained, <b class="b3">ψῆφον ἐβούλοντο ἐπαγαγεῖν εἰ χρὴ πολεμεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">119</span>; <b class="b3">ἐβουλεύοντο εἴτε κατακαύσωσιν . . εἴτε τι ἄλλο χρήσωνται</b> <b class="b2">whether</b> they should burn them or should dispose of them in some other way, <span class="bibl">Id.2.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνακοινοῦσθαι αὐτὸν αὑτῷ εἰ δῷ ἐπιψηφίσαι τοῖς προέδροις</b> [he said that] he consulted him <b class="b2">whether</b> he should give... <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.68</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">4</span> with OPT. and <b class="b3">ἄν</b> when this was the form of the direct question, <b class="b3">ἠρώτων εἰ δοῖεν ἂν τούτων τὰ πιστά</b> they asked <b class="b2">whether</b> they would give (direct <b class="b3">δοιήτε ἄν</b>;), <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.8.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">5</span> the NEG. used with <b class="b3">εἰ</b> in indirect questions is <b class="b3">οὐ</b>, when <b class="b3">οὐ</b> would be used in the direct question, <b class="b3">ἐνετέλλετο . . εἰρωτᾶν εἰ οὔ τι ἐπαισχύνεται</b> <b class="b2">whether</b> he is not ashamed, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.90</span>, etc.; but if <b class="b3">μή</b> would be required in the direct form, it is retained in the indirect, <b class="b3">οὐ τοῦτο ἐρωτῶ, ἀλλ' εἰ τοῦ μὲν δικαίου μὴ ἀξιοῖ πλέον ἔχειν μηδὲ βούλεται ὁ δίκαιος, τοῦ δὲ ἀδίκου</b> (the direct question would be <b class="b3">μὴ ἀξιοῖ μηδὲ βούλεται</b>; he does not see fit nor wish, does he?) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 349b</span>:—in double indirect questions, <b class="b3">εἴτε . . εἴτε . . ; εἰ . . εἴτε . . ; εἴτε . . ἢ</b>... either <b class="b3">οὐ</b> or <b class="b3">μή</b> can be used in the second clause, ὅπως ἴδῃς εἴτ' ἔνδον εἴτ' οὐκ ἔνδον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>7</span>; σκοπῶμεν εἰ ἡμῖν πρέπει ἢ οὔ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>451d</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ ἀληθὲς ἢ μή, πειράσομαι μαθεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">339a</span>; πολλὰ ἂν περιεσκέψω, εἴτε ἐπιτρεπτέον εἴτε οὔ· . . οὐδένα λόγον οὐδὲ συμβουλὴν ποιῇ, εἴτε χρὴ ἐπιτρέπειν σαυτὸν αὐτῷ εἴτε μή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>313a</span>, <span class="bibl">313b</span>; ἀνάγκη τὴν ἐμὴν μητέρα, εἴτε θυγάτηρ ἦν Κίρωνος εἴτε μή, καὶ εἰ παρ' ἐκείνῳ διῃτᾶτο ἢ οὔ, καὶ γάμους εἰ διττοὺς ὑπὲρ ταύτης εἱστίασεν ἢ μὴ . . πάντα ταῦτα εἰδέναι τοὺς οἰκέτας <span class="bibl">Is.8.9</span>; <b class="b3">τοὺς νόμους καταμανθάνειν εἰ καλῶς κεῖνται ἢ μή.. τοὺς λόγους εἰ ὀρθῶς ὑμᾶς διδάσκουσιν ἢ οὔ</b> <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.14</span>.</span> | ||
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|lstext='''εἰ''': Ἐπ. δὲ καὶ Δωρ. αἰ, Λατ. si, ὑποθετικὸν [[μόριον]] ἐν χρήσει ἐπὶ ὑποθέσεων καὶ ἐπὶ πλαγίων ἐρωτήσεων. [[Κατὰ]] τὴν πρώτην περίπτωσιν τὸ κανονικὸν [[αὐτοῦ]] ἀρνητικὸν [[εἶναι]] τὸ μή, ἐν δὲ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ τὸ οὐ. Α. ΕΠΙ ΥΠΟΘΕΣΕΩΝ. Ι) μεθ’ ΟΡΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ, 1) [[μετὰ]] ἐνεστῶτος, παρακειμένου καὶ ἀορίστου, [[ὅταν]] [[ἁπλῶς]] ἐκφέρῃ παροῦσαν ἢ παρελθοῦσαν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ τῆς ἐκπληρώσεως ἢ μὴ ἐκπληρώσεως τῆς ὁποίας οὐδὲν ὑπονοεῖται, εἰ δ’ οὕτω τοῦτ’ ἐστίν, ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον [[εἶναι]] Ἰλ. Α. 564˙ πᾶς [[τύπος]] τοῦ ῥήματος δύναται νὰ τεθῇ ἐν τῇ ἀποδόσει, [[ὥστε]] νὰ ἀντιστοιχῇ κατ’ ἔννοιαν πρὸς τὸν ἐν προτάσει χρόνον, εἰ θεοί τι δρῶσιν αἰσχρόν, οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοὶ Εὐρ. Ἀποσπ. 294. 7˙ εἰ δοκεῖ, πλέωμεν Σοφ. Φ. 526˙ εἰ Φαῖδρον ἀγνοῶ, καὶ [[ἐμαυτοῦ]] ἐπιλέλησμαι Πλάτ. Φαῖδρ. 228Α˙ κάκιστ’ ἀπολοίμην (γνησία εὐκτική), Ξανθίαν εἰ μὴ φιλῶ Ἀριστοφ. Βάτρ. 579, πρβλ. Ὀδ. Ρ. 475˙ εἰ θεοῦ ἦν, οὐκ ἦν [[αἰσχροκερδής]]˙ εἰ δ’ [[αἰσχροκερδής]], οὐκ ἦν θεοῦ Πλάτ. Πολ. 408CϏ εἰ [[ταῦτα]] λέγων [[διαφθείρω]] τοὺς νέους, ταῦτ’ ἂν εἴη βλαβερά, [[ταῦτα]] θὰ ἦσαν βλαβερά, ἀντὶ [[ταῦτα]] [[εἶναι]], [[ὅπερ]] θὰ ἦτο ἀπότομον, Πλάτ. Ἀπολ. 30Β, πρβλ. 25Β˙ εἰ οὗτοι ὀρθῶς ἀπέστησαν, ὑμεῖς ἂν οὐ χρεὼν ἄρχοιτε, ἂν οὗτοι εἶχον δίκαιον νὰ ἀποστατήσωσι, (θὰ ἦτο ἑπόμενον ἐκ τούτου ὅτι) ὑμεῖς παρὰ τὸ εἰκὸς ἄρχετε, Θουκ. 3.40˙ ‒ περὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος ἐκφράζοντος ὑπόθεσιν ἐνεστῶσαν, ἴδε κατωτ. 3. β. 2) [[μετὰ]] ἱστορικῶν χρόνων, [[ὅταν]] δηλῶται ὅτι ἐάν τι εἶχεν [[οὕτως]] ἢ ἄλλως καὶ τὸ [[ἀποτέλεσμα]] θὰ ἦτο τοιοῦτον, καὶ [[τότε]] ἐν τῇ ἀποδόσει ὑπάρχει ἱστορ. [[χρόνος]] [[μετὰ]] τοῦ ἄν (ἴδε ἄν, Β. Ι. 1. α): α) ὁ παρατ. [[μετὰ]] τοῦ εἰ σχετίζει τὴν ὑπόθεσιν πρὸς τὸ παρὸν ἢ πρὸς συνεχῆ ἢ ἐπαναλαμβανομένην ἐνέργειαν ἐν τῷ παρελθόντι (παρ’ Ὁμήρ. ἀείποτε τὸ δεύτερον)˙ [[ταῦτα]] οὐκ ἂν ἐδύναντο ποιεῖν, εἰ μὴ διαίτῃ μετρίᾳ ἐχρῶντο, δὲν θὰ ἠδύναντο νὰ κατορθώσωσι [[ταῦτα]] (ὡς τὰ κατορθώνουσιν), ἂν δὲν διῆγον βίον ἐγκρατῆ, Ξεν. Κύρ. 1. 2, 16, πρβλ. Πλάτ. Πολ. 489Β˙ οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν, δὲν θὰ ἠδύνατο (ὁ [[Ἀγαμέμνων]]) νὰ ἐξουσιάζῃ νήσους, ἂν δὲν εἶχε καὶ ναυτικὴν δύναμιν, Θουκ. 1. 9˙ εἰ ἦσαν ἄνδρες ἀγαθοί..., οὐκ ἄν ποτε [[ταῦτα]] ἔπασχον Πλάτ. Γοργ. 516Ε, πρβλ. Ξεν. Ἀπομν. 1. 1, 5˙ εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τάδε ᾔδε’... οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε, ἂν ἐγὼ [[ἤμην]] ἐν γνώσει τούτων..., Ἰλ. Θ. 366. β) ὁ ἀόρ. [[μετὰ]] τοῦ εἰ σχετίζει τὴν ὑπόθεσιν πρὸς τὸ παρελθόν, εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς ἤλθετε, ἐπορευόμεθα ἂν ἐπὶ βασιλέα, ἂν ὑμεῖς δὲν εἴχετε ἔλθῃ, [[ἡμεῖς]] τώρα θὰ ἐπορευόμεθα κατὰ τοῦ βασιλέως, Ξεν. Ἀν. 2. 1, 4˙ καὶ [[ἴσως]] ἂν ἀπέθανον, εἰ μὴ ἡ ἀρχὴ διὰ ταχέων κατελύθη, ἂν δὲν εἶχε καταλυθῇ, Πλάτ. Ἀπ. 32D, πρβλ. Ἰλ. Ε. 679, Ὀδ. Δ. 363, Δημ. 41. 18., 833. 12. γ) ὁ ὑπερσυντ. (ὁ [[ὁποῖος]] [[εἶναι]] [[σπάνιος]]) [[μετὰ]] τοῦ εἰ σχετίζει τὴν ὑπόθεσιν πρὸς πρᾶξιν τετελεσμένην ἐν τῷ παρελθόντι ἢ ἐν τῷ παρόντι, λοιπὸν δ’ ἂν ἦν ἡμῖν ἔτι περὶ τῆς πόλεως διαλεχθῆναι, εἰ μὴ προτέρα τῶν ἄλλων εὖ φρονήσασα τὴν εἰρήνην ἐπεποίητο, ἂν δὲν εἶχε κάμῃ (ὡς ἔχει κάμῃ) τὴν εἰρήνην πρὸ τῶν λοιπῶν, Ἰσοκρ. 93C· ἀλλὰ συνήθως τοῦ ἀορίστου γίνεται [[χρῆσις]] πρὸς ἔκφρασιν τῆς ἐννοίας τοῦ ὑπερσυντ. 3) [[μετὰ]] μέλλοντος, α) [[ὅπως]] δηλώσῃ μέλλουσαν ὑπόθεσιν ὡς οἷόν τε ἐμφαντικώτατα, ὅτε καὶ ἡ [[ἀπόδοσις]] ἀναφέρεται εἰς μέλλοντα χρόνον, εἰ φθάσομεν τοὺς πολεμίους κατακαίνοντες, οὐδεὶς ἡμῶν ἀποθανεῖται Ξεν. Κύρ. 7. 1, 19˙ εἰ μὴ βοηθήσετε, οὐ περιέσται τἀκεῖ Θουκ. 6. 91. Ἐπὶ τῶν εἰς τὸ μέλλον ἀναφερομένων τούτων ὑποθέσεων πολλῷ συνηθέστερον [[εἶναι]] τὸ ἐὰν μεθ’ ὑποτακτ. (ἴδε κατωτ. ΙΙ. 1)˙ ἀλλὰ τὸ εἰ [[μετὰ]] μέλλ. [[εἶναι]] συχνὸν παρὰ Τραγ., καὶ [[μάλιστα]] [[ὅταν]] πρόκειται νὰ ἐξενεχθῇ [[ἀπειλὴ]] ἢ [[νουθέτησις]] ἢ ἰσχυρὰ [[ἐπίκλησις]] εἰς τὰ αἰσθήματα τοῦ ἀκούοντος, εἰ μὴ καθέξεις γλῶσσαν, ἔσται σοι κακὰ Εὐρ. Ἀποσπ. 5, πρβλ. Δημ. 842. 15. β) ὁ μέλλων [[μετὰ]] τοῦ εἰ [[ἐνίοτε]] ἐμφαίνει βούλησιν, προσδοκίαν ἢ ἀνάγκην ἐν τῷ παρόντι, [[ἔνθα]] κοινότερον [[εἶναι]] τὸ [[μέλλω]] μετ’ ἀπαρ., ὡς αἶρε [[πλῆκτρον]], εἰ μαχεῖ, ἂν ἔχῃς σκοπὸν νὰ πολεμήσῃς, νὰ διαγωνισθῇς, Ἀριστοφ. Ὄρν. 761˙ ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ [[ἀνήρ]]..., εἰ ταῦτ’ ἀνατεῖ [[τῇδε]] κείσεται κράτη, δηλ. ἂν [[ταῦτα]] μείνωσιν ἀτιμώρητα, Σοφ. Ἀντιγ. 484, πρβλ. Ἰλ. Α. 61, Εὐρ. Ἑκ. 863˙ ‒ τοιαῦται ὑποθέσεις ἀνήκουσι [[κυρίως]] εἰς Ι. 1, [[ἐπειδὴ]] τὸ [[ῥῆμα]] ἐν τῇ ἀποδόσει δύναται νὰ [[εἶναι]] χρόνου ἐνεστῶτος, δὲν δύναται δὲ [[ἐνταῦθα]] ἡ ὑποτακτικὴ νὰ τεθῇ ἀντὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος (ὡς ἐν α). γ) περὶ τοῦ εἰ, τιθεμένου ἀντὶ αἰτιολογικοῦ μορίου [[μετὰ]] τὸ [[θαυμάζω]], κτλ., ἴδε κατωτ. V. ΙΙ. μεθ’ ΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΙΚΗΣ, τὸ εἰ κανονικῶς ἑνοῦται [[μετὰ]] τοῦ ἄν (Ἐπ. κε, κεν), καὶ σχηματίζει τὴν σύνθετον λέξιν ἐάν, συνηρ. ἤν, ἄν ᾱ˙ ἀλλ’ ο Ὅμ. οὐχὶ σπανίως παραλείπει τὸ ἄν (κε, κεν), π.χ. ἐν Ὀδ. Ε. 221., Ξ. 372, ‒ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν ταύτην λαμβάνουσιν [[ἐνίοτε]] καὶ οἱ Ἀττ. ποιηταί, ἀλλ’ [[οὐδέποτε]] οἱ Ἀττ. πεζογράφοι˙ ἀπαντᾷ δ’ [[ὅμως]] τὸ τοιοῦτον ἐν τῷ μεταγεν. πεζῷ λόγῳ: ἴδε ἂν Α. 1. 1) [[ὅταν]] ἡ [[ἀπόδοσις]] ἔχῃ μέλλοντα, τὸ ἐὰν μεθ’ ὑποτακτ. ἐμφαίνει ὑπόθεσιν ἐν τῷ μέλλοντι, ζωηροτέραν μὲν τῆς τοῦ εἰ μετ’ εὐκτικῆς, ἀλλ’ ἧττον ζωηρὰν τῆς τοῦ εἰ μεθ’ ὁριστικῆς μέλλοντος (ἴδε ἀνωτ. Ι. 3, α)˙ εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καίτοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ’... Ἰλ. Β. 364, πρβλ. Α. 128., Γ. 281, Ὀδ. Ρ. 549˙ ἂν δέ τις ἀνθιστῆται, σὺν ὑμῖν πειρασόμεθα χειροῦσθαι Ξεν. Ἀν. 7. 3, 11˙ ἂν μὴ νῦν ἐθέλωμεν [[ἐκεῖ]] πολεμεῖν αὐτῷ, ἐνθάδ’ [[ἴσως]] ἀναγκασθησόμεθα τοῦτο ποιεῖν Δημ. 54. 20 (εἰ μὴ νῦν ἐθέλομεν, θὰ ἐσήμαινεν: ἂν τώρα δὲν θέλωμεν)˙ πρβλ. Ξεν. Κύρ. 3. 2, 13., 5. 3, 27., 5. 4, 30., 5. 5, 13, Πλάτ. Πολ. 473D. 2) [[ὅταν]] ἡ ἀπόδ. ἐκφέρηται κατ’ ἐνεστῶτα καὶ δηλοῖ συνήθη ἢ ἐπαναλαμβανομένην πρᾶξιν, ἡ υποτακτικὴ ἐν τῇ προτάσει ἐμφαίνει γενικὴν ὑπόθεσιν, ἄν ποτε συμβῇ τοῦτο ἢ ἐκεῖνο ([[ὅπερ]] ἐν ταῖς νεωτέραις γλώσσαις, ὡς συνήθως καὶ ἐν τῇ Λατινικῇ, ἐκφέρεται κατ’ ἐνεστ. ὁριστ.), ἤν ποτε δασμὸς ἵκηται, σοὶ τὸ [[γέρας]] πολὺ μεῖζον (ἐνν. ἐστί), ἐάν ποτε γείνῃ [[διανομή]], τὸ ἰδικόν σου [[μερίδιον]] [[εἶναι]] ([[πάντοτε]]) μεγαλείτερον, Ἰλ. Α. 166˙ [[προσέτι]] παραλειπομένου τοῦ ἄν, [[εἴπερ]] γάρ τε χόλον... καταπέψῃ, ἀλλὰ... ἔχει κότον, [[ὄφρα]] τελέσσῃ Α. 81˙ ἢν [[ἐγγὺς]] ἔλθῃ [[θάνατος]], οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνήσκειν Εὐρ. Ἄλκ. 671: ‒ [[ἐνίοτε]], [[μάλιστα]] παρὰ ποιηταῖς, ἡ γενικὴ αὕτη [[ὑπόθεσις]] ἐκφέρεται διὰ τῆς ὁριστ. τοῦ ἐνεστ. ([[οὐδέποτε]] διὰ τοῦ μέλλοντος), εἴ τις δύο ἢ καὶ πλείους τις ἡμέρας λογίζεται, μάταιός ἐστιν Σοφ. Τρ. 944. ΙΙΙ. μετ’ ΕΥΚΤΙΚΗΣ τὸ εἰ [[οὐδέποτε]] λαμβάνει τὸ ἄν, καὶ [[εἶναι]] ἐν χρήσει, 1) [[ὅταν]] ἡ [[ἀπόδοσις]] ἔχῃ τὴν εὐκτικὴν [[μετὰ]] τοῦ ἄν (ἴδε ἂν Β. ΙΙΙ. α), τὸ εἰ μετ’ εὐκτ. ἐν τῇ προτάσει [[καθόλου]] ἐμφαίνει μέλλουσαν ὑπόθεσιν ἧττον [[ὡρισμένως]] καὶ ζωηρῶς τοῦ ἐὰν μεθ’ ὑποτακτικ., καὶ διαφέρει τῆς συντάξεως ἐκείνης ὡς διαφέρει τὸ «ἂν ἤθελε ὑπάγῃ» ἦ κεν γηθήσαι [[Πρίαμος]] Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες..., εἰ σφῶιν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιν, βεβαίως θὰ ἔχαιρον ἂν [[ἤθελον]] ἀκούσῃ..., Ἰλ. Α. 255, πρβλ. Η. 28, Ὀδ. Γ. 223˙ εἴης φορητὸς οὐκ ἄν, εἰ πράσσοις [[καλῶς]] Αἰσχύλ. Προμ. 979· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἄν με ἐπαινοίη, εἰ ἐξελαύνοιμι τοὺς εὐεργέτας Ξεν. Ἀν. 7. 7, 11˙ [[οἶκος]] δ’ [[αὐτός]], εἰ φθογγὴν λάβοι, σαφέστατ’ ἂν λέξειεν, ἂν ἦτο κατορθωτὸν νὰ λάβῃ φωνήν, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 37˙ οὕτω, κανονικῶς, ἐν τῷ Ἀττικῷ πεζῷ λόγῳ˙ ἀλλὰ παρ’ Ὁμ. ἡ εὐκτ. τοῦ ἐνεστ. [[ἐνίοτε]] κεῖται ἐν τῇ προτάσει, ὡς ἡ ὁριστ. τοῦ παρατατ. παρ’ Ἀττ. πρὸς δήλωσιν μὴ ἐκτελουμένης ὑποθέσεως ἐν τῷ ἐνεστῶτι (ἴδε ἂν Β. ΙΙΙ. α), εἰ νῦν ἐπ’ ἄλλῳ ἀθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ’ ἂν ἐγώ... φεροίμην, ἂν τώρα ἡμιλλώμεθα... κτλ., Ἰλ. Ψ. 274· καὶ οἱ Ἀττ. ποιηταὶ [[ἐνίοτε]] ἀκολουθοῦσι τῇ Ὁμηρικῇ [[ταύτῃ]] χρήσει, εἰ μὴ κνίζοι (= εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) Εὐρ. Μήδ. 568 (ἴδε ἂν Β. ΙΙΙ. α). 2) [[ὅταν]] ἡ [[ἀπόδοσις]] ἀναφέρηται εἰς τὸ παρελθὸν δηλοῦσα συνήθη ἢ ἐπανειλημμένην ἐνέργειαν, ἡ εὐκτικὴ ἐν τῇ προτάσει ἐκφράζει ὑπόθεσιν ἀόριστον ἐν τῷ παρελθόντι˙ «ἂν τοῦτο συνέβαινέ ποτε...», ἀντιστοιχοῦσα πρὸς τὴν χρῆσιν τῆς ὑποτακτικῆς ἐν τῷ παρόντι χρόνῳ (ἴδε ἀνωτ. ΙΙ. 2), εἰ δέ τινας θορυβουμένους αἴσθοιτο..., κατασβεννύναι τὴν ταραχὴν ἐπειρᾶτο, ἐὰν συνέβαινε νὰ ἴδῃ (ἄν ποτε ἔβλεπε) στρατιώτας ἐν ἀταξίᾳ (δηλ. [[ὁσάκις]] ἔβλεπε...), (ἀείποτε) προσεπάθει, Ξεν. Κύρ. 5. 3, 55, πρβλ. Ἀν. 4. 5, 13, Ἀπομν. 4. 2, 40˙ εἴ τις ἀντείποι, εὐθὺς τεθνήκει, ἄν τις ἤγειρεν ἀντίρρησιν, ἀμέσως ἐφονεύετο, Θουκ. 8. 66˙ ἀλλ’ εἴ τι μὴ φέροιμεν, ὤτρυνεν φέρειν Εὐρ. Ἄλκ. 755. Ἡ εὐκτ. αὕτη [[εἶναι]] σπαν. παρ’ Ὁμ., ἀλλ’ ἴδε Ἰλ. Γ. 453., Ω. 768. Ἐνταῦθα (ὡς ἀνωτ. ΙΙ. 2) ἡ [[ὑπόθεσις]] [[ἐνίοτε]] ἐκφέρεται διὰ τῆς ὁριστ., εἴ τις τι ἐπηρώτα, ἀπεκρίνοντο Θουκ. 7. 10. 3) ἐν πλαγίῳ λόγῳ παρῳχημένου χρόνου ἡγουμένου, τὸ εἰ μετ’ εὐκτ. [[συχνάκις]] παριστᾷ ὅ,τι ἐκφέρεται ἐν εὐθεῖ λόγῳ διὰ τοῦ ἐὰν μεθ’ ὑποτακτ. ἢ διὰ τοῦ εἰ μετ’ ἀρχικοῦ ([[οὐδέποτε]] ἱστορικοῦ) χρόνου ὁριστικῆς˙ ἐλογίζοντο ὡς, εἰ μὴ μάχοιντο, ἀποστήσοιντο αἱ πόλεις (τὸ ἰσοδύναμον ἐν εὐθεῖ λόγῳ θὰ ἦτο, ἐὰν μὴ μαχώμεθα, ἀποστήσονται) Ξεν. Ἑλλ. 6. 4, 6, πρβλ. Δημ. 548 20, Ξεν. Ἑλλ. 5. 2, 2˙ ἔλεγεν ὅτι, εἰ βλαβερὰ πεπραχὼς εἴη, [[δίκαιος]] εἴη ζημιοῦσθαι (τὸ ἰσοδύναμον ἐν εὐθεῖ λόγῳ θὰ ἦτο, εἰ βλαβερὰ πέπραχε, δίκαιός ἐστι ζημιοῦσθαι) [[αὐτόθι]] 5. 2, 32, πρβλ. Ἀν. 6. 6, 25˙ εἰ δέ τινα φεύγοντα λήψοιτο, προηγόρευεν ὅτι ὡς πολεμίῳ χρήσοιτο (τὸ ἰσοδύναμον ἐν εὐθεῖ λόγῳ θὰ ἦτο, εἴ τινα λήψεται, χρήσεται) ὁ αὐτ. Κύρ. 3. 1, 3: ‒ ὅτε ἡ [[ἀπόδοσις]] δὲν ἐκφέρεται κατ’ οὐδεμίαν μορφὴν πλαγίου λόγου, ἀλλὰ περιέχεται ἐν τῇ κυρίᾳ προτάσει, οὐκ ἦν τοῦ πολέμου [[πέρας]] Φιλίππῳ, εἰ μὴ Θηβαίους... ἐχθροὺς ποιήσειε τῇ πόλει, δηλ. ὁ Φίλιππος ἐσκέφθη ὅτι δὲν θὰ ἐπήρχετο [[τέλος]] τοῦ πολέμου, ἐκτὸς ἂν ἤθελε κάμῃ τοὺς Θηβ. κτλ. (ἡ [[σκέψις]] [[αὐτοῦ]] ἦτο, ἐάν μὴ ποιήσω), Δημ. 276. 1˙ ἐβούλοντο γὰρ σφίσιν, εἴ τινα λάβοιεν, ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν [[ἔνδον]], ἤν ἄρα τύχωσί τινες ἐζωγρημένοι (ἤν τύχωσι ἠδύνατο νὰ [[εἶναι]] εἰ τύχοιεν, καὶ τὸ εἰ λάβοιεν, ἤν λάβωσι) Θουκ. 2. 5. 4) [[ὁπόταν]] τὸ εἰ συντάσσηται εὐκτικῇ [[μετὰ]] τοῦ ἄν, τὸ [[κῶλον]] χρησιμεύει ὡς [[ἀπόδοσις]] ἅμα καὶ [[πρότασις]]˙ πρβλ. Πλάτ. Πρωτ. 329Β, Δημ. 44. 30, Ξεν. Ἀπομν. 1. 5, 3 (ἴδε ἂν Β. ΙΙΙ δ). IV. εἰς ὀλίγας περιστάσεις ὁ Ἡρόδ. μεταχειρίζεται τὸ εἰ ἐπὶ πλαγίου λόγου μετ’ ἀπαρ. (ἀντὶ τοῦ εἰ δεῖ ἢ εἰ δέοι), εἰ γὰρ δὴ [[δεῖν]] [[πάντως]] περιθεῖναι ἄλλῳ τέῳ τὴν βασιληίην..., ἔφη δικαιότερον [[εἶναι]], κτλ., Ἡρόδ. 1. 129˙ εἰ [[εἶναι]] τοῦτο μὴ φίλον 2. 64, πρβλ. 172., 3. 105, 108. V. [[μετὰ]] ῥημάτων δηλούντων θαυμασμόν, χαράν, ἀγανάκτησιν, θλῖψιν, εὐθυμίαν καὶ ὅμοια αἰσθήματα, [[θαυμάζω]], ἀγαπῶ, αἰσχύνομαι, [[βαρέως]] [[φέρω]], δεινόν ἐστι, θαυμαστόν ἐστι, λυπεῖ με, [[μέμφομαι]], παράδοξόν ἐστι, [[σχετλιάζω]], φθονῶ, κτλ., [[εἶναι]] ἐν χρήσει τὸ εἰ μεθ’ ὁριστ., [[ὅπου]] ἔπρεπε νὰ περιμένωμεν τὸ ὅτι, [[ὅπως]] δηλωθῇ τὸ [[αἴσθημα]] κατὰ τρόπον ἧττον ἐμφαντικόν, [[θαυμάζω]] εἰ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν μήτ’ ἐνθυμεῖται μήτ’ ὀργίζεται, ὁρῶν... Δημ. 52. 17˙ οὐκ ἀγαπᾷ εἰ μὴ δίκην δέδωκεν, ἀλλ’ εἰ μὴ καὶ χρυσῷ στεφάνῳ στεφανωθήσεται ἀγανακτεῖ Αἰσχίν. 71. 28˙ ἡγουμένου παρῳχημένου χρόνου ἡ [[φύσις]] τοῦ πλαγίου λόγου ἐπιτρέπει τὴν τροπὴν τῆς ὁριστ. εἰς εὐκτικήν, ἐθαύμαζε δ’ εἴ τις ἀρετὴν ἐπαγγελλόμενος [[ἀργύριον]] πράττοιτο Ξεν. Ἀπομν. 1. 2. 7 (πρβλ. ἐθαύμασε δ’ εἰ μὴ φανερόν ἐστιν [[αὐτόθι]] 1. 1. 13)˙ ἔχαιρον ἀγαπῶν εἴ τις ἐάσοι Πλάτ. Πολ. 450Α˙ δεινὸν εἰσῄει, εἰ... δόξει Δημ. 351. 18. Ἐνίοτε καὶ μηδενὸς τοιούτου ῥήματος ἡγουμένου, πρότασίς τις διὰ τοῦ εἰ λαμβάνει τὴν θέσιν αἰτιολογικῆς προτάσεως, ὡς, πολλοὺς γὰρ οἶκε [[εἶναι]] εὐπετέστερον διαβάλειν ἢ ἕνα, εἰ Κλεομένεα μὲν... μοῦνον οὐκ οἷός τε ἐγένετο διαβαλεῖν, [[τρεῖς]] δὲ μυριάδας Ἀθηναίων ἐποίησε τοῦτο Ἡρόδ. 5. 97, πρβλ. 1. 60, 129, 212., 7. 10., 9. 68. VI. ΣΥΝΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΕΛΛΕΙΠΤΙΚΑΙ. 1) [[ἐνίοτε]] ἡ [[ἀπόδοσις]] ὑπονοεῖται ἐκ τῶν συμφραζομένων, χωρὶς νὰ τίθηταιϏ [[τότε]] δὲ τὸ εἰ ἢ ἐὰν ἔχει τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ: ἐπὶ τῇ ὑποθέσει ὅτι..., ἐν περιπτώσει καθ’ ἥν..., πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, εἰ ἐπιβοηθεῖεν, ἐχώρουν, προεχώρουν πρὸς τὴν πόλιν [[ὅπως]] συναντήσωσι τοὺς πολίτας ἐν ᾗ περιπτώσει [[ἤθελον]] ἐξορμήσῃ, Θουκ. 6. 100˙ ᾤκτιρον εἰ ἁλώσοιντο, τοὺς ἐλυποῦντο σκεπτόμενοι ὁποῖον θὰ ἦτο τὸ [[τέλος]] αὐτῶν, ἂν [[ἤθελον]] συλληφθῇ, Ξεν. Ἀν. 1. 4, 7˙ [[οὔκουν]], ἦν δ’ ἐγώ, ἔτι ἓν λείπεται, τὸ ἢν πείσωμεν ὑμᾶς ὡς χρὴ ἡμᾶς ἀφιέναι; δὲν ὑπολείπεται λοιπὸν ἕν [[πρᾶγμα]] ἀκόμη, δηλ. τὸ νὰ μᾶς ἀφήσητε νὰ ὑπάγωμεν, ἐν ᾗ περιπτώσει σᾶς καταπείσωμεν ὅτι πρέπει νὰ μᾶς ἀφήσητε, Πλάτ. Πολ. 327C·Ϗ ἱκέται πρὸς σὲ [[δεῦρο]] ἀφίγμεθα, εἴ τινα πόλιν φράσειας ἡμῖν εὔερον, ἤλθομεν πρὸς σὲ μὲ τὴν ἐλπίδα [[μήπως]] εἴπῃς εἰς ἡμᾶς [[περί]] τινος μαλλοφόρου (ἄφθονον ἐχούσῃς μαλλίον) πόλεως (δηλ. διὰ νὰ μάθωμεν περὶ αὐτῆς), Ἀριστοφ. Ὄρν. 120˙ παρέζεο καὶ λαβὲ γούνων, αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι, κάθισε πλησίον [[αὐτοῦ]] καὶ [[βάλε]] τὰς χεῖράς σου ἐπὶ τῶν γονάτων [[αὐτοῦ]] [[ἴσως]] τὸν καταπείσῃς νὰ βοηθήσῃ τοὺς Τρῶας, ἂν τυχὸν θέλῃ νὰ τὸ πράξῃ, Ἰλ. Α. 408, πρβλ. Α. 66, Ὀδ. Α. 94., Γ. 92˙ ἄκουσον καὶ ἐμοῦ, ἐάν σοι ταὐτὰ δοκῇ, ἄκουσον καὶ ἐμὲ ἵνα συναινέσῃς, ἐν ᾗ περιπτώσει ἡ αὐτὴ γνώμη [[εἶναι]] καὶ εἰς σὲ ἀρεστή, Πλάτ. Πολ. 358Β˙ ἰδὲ δή, ἐάν σοι [[ὅπερ]] ἐμοὶ ξυνδοκῇ, ἰδὲ λοιπὸν ἂν τυχὸν ἔχῃς τὴν αὐτὴν γνώμην μὲ ἐμὲ, [[αὐτόθι]] 434 Α. Πολλὰ τῶν παραδειγμάτων τούτων ἧττον ὁρθῶς ἡρμηνεύθησαν ὡς πλάγιαι ἐρωτήσεις (ἴδε κατωτ. Β. 2). 2) [[ἐνίοτε]] ἡ [[ἀπόδοσις]] ἀποσιωπᾶται ἐντελῶς διὰ ῥητορικοὺς λόγους, ὅτε ἡ [[ἔλλειψις]] αὐτῆς [[εἶναι]] ἐμφαντικωτέρα τῆς ὑπάρξεως αὐτῆς, εἴ περ γάρ κ’ ἐθέλῃσιν [[Ὀλύμπιος]]... στυφελίξαι ἂν θέλῃ νὰ τὸν ἀνατρέψῃ θὰ τὸ κάμῃ, Ἰλ. Α. 580˙ ἀλλ’ εἰ μὲν δώσουσι [[γέρας]]... εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι, «ἀλλ’ εἰ μὲν παρέξωσι [[γέρας]] ([[καλῶς]] ἂν ἔχοι τὸ [[πρᾶγμα]]) ἐὰν δὲ μὴ δῶσιν, ἐγὼ δ’ ἂν αὐτὸς παραγενόμενος ἀφέλωμαι» (Θ. Γαζῆς), Α. 135, πρβλ. Ζ. 150, Ἀριστοφ. Πλ. 469˙ καὶ ἢν μὲν ξυμβῇ ἡ [[πεῖρα]], - εἰ δὲ μή, καὶ ἂν μὲν ἡ [[ἀπόπειρα]] ἐπιτύχῃ, [[καλῶς]]˙ - εἰ δὲ μὴ..., Θουκ. 3. 3, πρβλ. Πλάτ. Πρωτ. 325DϏ 3) κατὰ παρομοίαν ἔλλειψιν τῆς ἀποδόσεως εἰ γὰρ (Ἐπ. αἳ γὰρ) καὶ [[εἴθε]] (Ἐπ. [[αἴθε]]), μετ’ εὐκτικῆς ἢ ἱστορικῶν χρόνων τῆς ὁριστ. ἐκφράζει εὐχὴν (ὅτε ἡ εὐκτ. καὶ ἡ ὁριστ. ἔχουσι τὴν αὐτὴν δύναμιν ἣν καὶ ἐν ἀπολύτῳ προτάσει), αἲ γὰρ ἐμοὶ τοσσήνδε θεοὶ δύναμιν παραθεῖεν, [[εἴθε]] οἱ θεοὶ νά μοι δώσωσι τόσην δύναμιν, Ὀδ. Γ. 205, πρβλ. Ξ. 440˙ εἰ γὰρ γενοίμην ἀντὶ σοῦ νεκρὸς Εὐρ. Ἱππ. 1410˙ εἴθ’ εἶχες, ὦ τεκοῦσα, βελτίους φρένας, [[εἴθε]] νὰ εἶχες κτλ., ὁ αὐτ. Ἠλ. 1061, πρβλ. Ἄλκ. 1072˙ εἴθ’ ἔμ’ ἐδέξω, [[εἴθε]] νὰ εἶχες δεχθῇ ἐμέ, Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 1537˙ [[εἴθε]] σοι [[τότε]] συνεγενόμην, [[εἴθε]] νά σε εἶχον συναντήσῃ [[τότε]], Ξεν. Ἀπομν. 1. 2, 46. Παρὰ ποιηταῖς [[ἐνίοτε]] τὸ εἰ μόνον εὕρηται οὕτω μετ’ εὐκτικῆς, ἀλλ’ εἴ τις... καλέσειεν Ἰλ. Κ. 111˙ εἴ μοι γένοιτο [[φθόγγος]] ἐν βραχίοσιν Εὐρ. Ἑκ. 836. Ἐνίοτε, εἰ γάρ ἢ [[εἴθε]] προηγεῖται τοῦ ὤφελον ἢ [[ὤφελλον]] μετ’ ἀπαρ. ἐπὶ εὐχῆς˙ ἴδε [[ὀφείλω]]. Ἐνίοτε τὰ μόρια [[ταῦτα]] συντάσσονται καὶ [[μετὰ]] μόνου ἀπαρεμφ. ἐπὶ εὐχῆς, αἲ γάρ... [[τοῖος]] ἑών, οἷός ἐσσι... παῖδά τ’ ἐμὴν ἐχέμεν καὶ ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεσθαι Ὀδ. ΙΙ. 313˙ καὶ συνηθέστερον παρὰ μεταγεν. ποιηταῖς, ὡς ἐν Ἀνθ. Π. 9. 284, 288. 4) [[ἐνίοτε]] τὸ [[ῥῆμα]] τῆς προτάσεως εἰς ἣν τὸ εἰ ἀνήκει παραλείπεται, [[μάλιστα]] δὲ εἰς τὰς ἀκολούθους ἐκφράσεις: α) εἰ μή, Λατ. nisi, οὐδὲν [[ἄλλο]] σιτέονται, εἰ μὴ ἰχθῦς μοῦνον Ἡρόδ. 1. 200˙ εἰ μὴ κρεμάσας Ἀριστοφ. Νεφ. 229˙ μὰ τὼ θεώ, εἰ μὴ Κριτύλλα γ’ [[εἰμὶ]] ὁ αὐτ. Θεσμ. 898˙ εἰ μὴ ὅσον, εἰ μὴ μόνον, πλὴν μόνον, ἐγὼ μέν μιν οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ ὅσον γραφῇ Ἡρόδ. 2. 73, πρβλ. 1. 45., 2. 20˙ [[ὡσαύτως]], εἰ μὴ εἰ, Λατ. nisi si, Θουκ. 1. 17, Πλάτ. Γοργ. 480Β, κτλ.˙ εἰ μή τι οὖν, αλλὰ..., ἂν [[τίποτε]] [[ἄλλο]], ἀλλὰ..., ὁ αὐτ. Μένων 86 Ε. β) εἰ δὲ μή, Λατ. sin minus, προηγόρευε τοῖσι Λαμψακηνοῖσι μετιέναι Μιλτιάδεα, εἰ δὲ μή, σφέας πίτυος τρόπον ἠπείλεε ἐκτρίψειν Ἡρόδ. 6. 37, πρβλ. 56˙ οὕτω [[μετὰ]] τὸ [[μάλιστα]] μέν, Θουκ. 1. 32, 35, κτλ.˙ δυνατὸν δὲ νὰ ἔχῃ σχέσιν πρὸς προηγουμένην ἄρνησιν καὶ δυνατὸν νὰ ὑπάρχῃ [[ἐκεῖ]] [[ὅπου]] κανονικώτερον θὰ ἦτο τὸ ἐὰν δὲ, ἐὰν συνεπληροῦτο ἡ [[ἔλλειψις]], μή τύπτ’˙ εἰ δὲ μή, σαυτόν ποτ’ αἰτιάσει, μή με τύπτε, ἄλλως τὸν ἑαυτόν σου θὰ κατακρίνῃς ποτέ, Ἀριστοφ. Νεφ. 1433˙ ἐάν μέν πείσητε..., εἰ δὲ μή... Δημ. 129. 14˙ ὦ Κῦρε, μὴ οὕτω λέγε˙ εἰ δὲ μή, οὐ θαρροῦντά με ἕξεις Ξεν. Κύρ. 3. 1, 35, πρβλ. Ἀν. 4. 3. 6, Θουκ. 1. 28, 131, Πλάτ. Φαῖδρ. 91C. γ) τὸ εἰ δέ, [[ὅπερ]] [[κυρίως]] ἀνταποκρίνεται πρὸς τὸ εἰ μέν, κεῖται [[πολλάκις]] ἐλλειπτικῶς, εἰ δὲ καὶ αυτοί, φευγόντων, «[[προσληπτέον]] τό, βούλονται, ἵν’ ᾖ, ἐὰν δὲ καὶ αυτοὶ βούλωνται, φευγέτωσαν» (Σχόλ.), Ἰλ. Ι. 46˙ [[οὕτως]], εἰ δέ, σὺ μέν μευ ἄκουσον, ἐγὼ δὲ κέ τοι καταλέξω, «εἰ δ’ ἀμφιβάλλεις, σὺ μέν ἄκουσόν μου, ἐγὼ δέ σοι πάντα [[διηκριβωμένως]] ἐρῶ» (Θ. Γαζῆς), [[αὐτόθι]] 262˙ οὕτω καί, εἰ δ’ ἄγε, ἐπὶ παρακελεύσεως, προτροπῆς, ἐμπρός, ἔλα, ([[πλήρης]] δὲ ἡ [[φράσις]] [[εἶναι]]˙ εἰ δὲ βούλει, ἄγε), Ὀδ. Α. 271, κτλ.˙ [[οὕτως]], εἰ δ’ ἄγε δή, εἰ δ’ ἄγε μήν, εἰ δ’ ἄγε μοι, εἰ δ’ ἄγε νῦν Ὅμ.˙ [[ὡσαύτως]], εἰ δ’ ἄγετε Ἰλ. Χ. 381˙ - [[ἐνίοτε]] [[ὅμως]] τὸ εἰ δὲ κεῖται ἀντὶ τοῦ εἰ δὲ μή, ὡς, εἰ μὲν βούλεται, ἑψέτω˙ εἰ δ’, ὅ,τι βούλεται, τοῦτο ποιείτω Πλάτ. Εὐθύδ. 285C, πρβλ. Συμπ. 212C·Ϗ οὕτω καί, εἰ δ’ οὖν Σοφ. Ἀντ. 722. δ) εἴ τις, Λατ. siquis, ὄτλον ὄκνον χειρόγρ. ἄλγιστον [[ἔσχον]], εἴ τις Αἰτωλὶς [[γυνή]], ὑπέστην βαρυτέραν θλῖψιν πάσης ἄλλης Αἰτωλίδος γυναικός, ὁ αὐτ. Τρ. 8, πρβλ. Ο. Κ. 734˙ [[οὕτως]], εἴ τις [[ἄλλος]], siquis alius, Εὐρ. Ἀνδρ. 6, κτλ.˙ εἴ τις καὶ [[ἄλλος]] Ἡρόδ. 3. 2, κτλ.˙ [[εἴπερ]] τις [[ἄλλος]] Πλάτ. Πολ. 501D. ε) εἴ ποτε ἢ [[εἴπερ]] ποτέ, ἐάν ποτε, περισσότερον πάσης ἄλλης περιστάσεως, ἡμῖν δὲ [[καλῶς]], [[εἴπερ]] ποτέ, ἔχει... ἡ ξυναλλαγή, Θουκ. 4. 20, πρβλ. Ἀριστοφ. Ἱππ. 594˙ εἴ ποτε καὶ [[ἄλλοτε]] ξεν. Ἀν. 6. 4, 12, κτλ. ς) εἴ ποθεν (ἐνν. προπέμψαι ἔχετε), «ἐὰν ἀπὸ κανὲν [[μέρος]]», Λατ. alicunde, [[ξίφος]], εἴ ποθεν, ἢ γένυν ἢ βελέων τι προπέμψατε, Σοφ. Φ. 1204˙ οὕτω, εἴ ποθι... λεύσσων = εἴ που (λεύσσει) ὁ αὐτ. Αἴ. 886. VII. μετ’ ἄλλων ΜΟΡΙΩΝ: 1) περὶ τῆς διαφορᾶς μεταξὺ τοῦ καὶ εἰ (ἢ καὶ ἐὰν ἢ κἂν) καὶ τοῦ εἰ καὶ (ἢ ἐὰν καί), ἴδε καί: - τὸ [[ἐναντίον]] τοῦ καὶ εἰ [[εἶναι]] οὐδ’ εἰ, τὸ δὲ τοῦ εἰ καὶ [[εἶναι]] εἰ μηδέ. 2) περὶ τοῦ ὡς εἰ, ὡς εἴ τε, [[ὥσπερ]] εἰ, κτλ., ἴδε ὡς καὶ [[ὥσπερ]]. 3) περὶ τοῦ εἰ δὴ καὶ [[εἴπερ]] ἴδε εἰ δὴ καὶ [[εἴπερ]]. 4) εἴ γε, ἂν τῷ ὄντι, ἢ ἂν [[τοὐλάχιστον]], ἂν πράγματι, [[ἐνίοτε]] [[σχεδόν]], ἀφοῦ, Λατ. si quidem·Ϗ ἴδε ἐν λέξ. γέ. 5) περὶ τοῦ εἰ γὰρ καὶ [[εἴθε]], ἐπὶ εὐχῆς, ἴδε ἀνωτ. VI. 3. VIII. ὑπάρχει ἰδιαιτέρα [[χρῆσις]] ἐν τῇ Κ. Δ. τοῦ εἰ (= τῷ Ἑβρ. im) ἐπὶ ἀρνητικῶν ὅρκων, π.χ. «τί ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη [[σημεῖον]] ἐπιζητεῖ; ἀμὴν [[λέγω]] ὑμῖν, εἰ δοθήσεται τῇ γενεᾷ [[ταύτῃ]] [[σημεῖον]]», οὐ δοθήσεται, Εὐαγγ. κ. Μάρκ. η΄, 12˙ «ὡς ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου, εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς...», οὐκ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς..., Ἐπιστ. πρὸς Ἑβρ. γ΄, 11., δ΄, 3˙ ἴδε Γραμμ. Καιν. Διαθ. Viner § 59. 9. Β. ΕΠΙ ΠΛΑΓΙΩΝ ΕΡΩΤΗΣΕΩΝ, Λατ. an, ἑπομένης ὁριστ., ὑποτακτ. ἢ εὐκτικῆς, κατὰ τοὺς κανόνας τῆς συντάξεως τῶν πλαγίων λόγων (ὧν ἰδιαίτερον [[εἶδος]] ἀποτελοῦσιν αἱ πλάγιαι ἐρωτήσεις): 1) μεθ’ ΟΡΙΣΤΙΚΗΣ, ἀρχικοῦ χρόνου ἡγουμένου, ὅτε ὑπάρχει ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ ἐν τῇ εὐθείᾳ ἢ ἀπολύτῳ ἐρωτήσει [[χρόνος]], [[σάφα]] δ’ οὐκ οἷδ’, εἰ [[θεός]] ἐστιν, ἐὰν [[εἶναι]] [[θεός]], Ἰλ. Ε. 183˙ εἰ συμπονήσεις..., σκόπει Σοφ. Ἀντ. 41. 2) μεθ’ ΥΠΟΤΑΚΤΙΚΗΣ, ἀρχικοῦ χρόνου ἡγουμένου, ὅτε ἡ ὑποτακτικὴ [[εἶναι]] ἐνδοιαστικὴ ὡς ἐν τῇ εὐθείᾳ ἐρωτήσει, τὰ ἐκπώματα... οὐκ οἶδ’ εἰ Χρυσάντᾳ τούτῳί δω Ξεν. Κύρ. 8. 4, 16˙ τὸ εἰ [[οὐδέποτε]] γίνεται ἐὰν [[ἐνταῦθα]], ὡς τὸ ἂν δὲν θὰ ἠδύνατο νὰ τεθῇ ἐπὶ εὐθείας ἢ ἀπολύτου ἐρωτήσεως. Περὶ ἐλλειπτικῶν συντάξεων [[μετὰ]] τοῦ ἐὰν καὶ ὑποτακτ., αἱ ὁποῖαι [[ἐνίοτε]] ἑρμηνεύονται ὡς πλάγιαι ἐρωτήσεις, ἴδε ἀνωτ. VI. 1. 3) μετ’ ΕΥΚΤΙΚΗΣ, παρῳχημένου χρόνου ἡγουμένου, ἥτις παριστᾷ μίαν τινὰ τῶν δύο προηγηθεισῶν συντάξεων ἐν τῇ εὐθείᾳ ἐρωτήσει, ἤρετο εἴ τις ἐμοῦ εἴη σοφώτερος, ἠρώτησεν ἂν ἦτό τις σοφώτερος ἐμοῦ (ὅτε ἡ [[εὐθεῖα]] [[ἐρώτησις]] θὰ ἦτο, ἔστι τις σοφώτερος ἐμοῦ;) Πλάτ. Ἀπολ. 21Α˙ ἡ εὐκτ. τοῦ ἀορ. ἀντὶ τῆς ὁριστ. [[εἶναι]] [[σπανία]], ἠρώτων αὐτὸν εἰ αναπλεύσειεν, τὸν ἠρώτων ἂν ἀνέπλευσεν (ἐν εὐθείᾳ ἐρωτήσει, ἀνέπλευσας;), Δημ. 1223. 20˙ ἀλλ’ ἡ εὐκτ. τοῦ ἀόρ. ἐν γένει παριστᾷ τὴν ὑποτακτ. ἀορ., τὸν θεὸν ἐπήροντο εἰ παραδοῖεν Κορινθίοις τὴν πόλιν... καὶ τιμωρίαν τινὰ πειρῷντο ἀπ’ αὐτῶν ποιεῖσθαι, ἠρώτησαν ἂν ἔπρεπε νὰ παραδώσωσι τὴν πόλιν εἰς τοὺς Κορινθίους καὶ νὰ δοκιμάσωσι νά..., Θουκ. 1. 25. Ἐν ἀμφοτέραις ταῖς συντάξεσι ταύταις ἡ ἀρχικὴ ὁριστικὴ ἢ ὑποτακτικὴ δύναται νὰ τηρηθῇ, ψῆφον ἐβούλοντο ἐπαγαγεῖν, εἰ χρὴ πολεμεῖν Θουκ. 1. 119· ἐβουλεύοντο, [[εἴτε]] κατακαύσωσιν..., [[εἴτε]] τι [[ἄλλο]] χρήσωνται, ἂν ἔπρεπε νὰ κατακαύσωσιν αὐτοὺς ἢ νὰ τοὺς μεταχειρισθῶσιν ἄλλως πως, ὁ αὐτ. 2. 4· [[οὕτως]], ἀνακοινοῦσθαι αὐτὸν αὐτῷ εἰ δῷ ἐπιψηφίσαι τοῖς προέδροις, εἶπεν ὅτι αὐτὸς (ὁ Δημοσθ.) ἐζήτησε τὴν συμβουλὴν [[αὐτοῦ]] ἂν ἔπρεπε νὰ δώσῃ, Αἰσχίν. 37. 1. 4) μετ’ ΕΥΚΤΙΚΗΣ καὶ τοῦ ἂν μόνον [[ὅταν]] [[οὕτως]] ἐκφέρηται καὶ ἡ [[εὐθεῖα]] [[ἐρώτησις]], ἠρώτων εἰ δοῖεν ἂν τούτων τὰ πιστά, ἠρώτων ἂν θὰ ἔδιδον (ἐν εὐθείᾳ ἐρωτήσει, δοίητε ἄν;), Ξεν. Ἀν. 4. 8, 7. 5) ὡς ΑΡΝΗΤΙΚΟΝ ΜΟΡΙΟΝ ἐν χρήσει [[μετὰ]] τοῦ εἰ ἐπὶ πλαγίας ἐρωτήσεως [[εἶναι]] τὸ οὐ, [[ὁσάκις]] τούτου (τοῦ οὐ) θὰ ἐγίνετο [[χρῆσις]] ἐπὶ εὐθείας ἢ ἀνεξαρτήτου ἐρωτήσεως, ὡς ἐνετέλλετο... εἰρωτᾶν, εἰ οὔ τι ἐπαισχύνεται, ἂν δὲν ἐντρέπεται, Ἡρόδ. 1. 90, κτλ.· - ἀλλ’ ἐὰν ἐν τῇ ἀνεξαρτήτῳ ἐρωτήσει θὰ ἀπῃτεῖτο μὴ (προκαλουμένης [[οὕτως]] ἀρνητικῆς ἀπαντήσεως), διατηρεῖται καὶ ἐν τῇ πλαγίᾳ ἐρωτήσει, ὡς οὐ τοῦτο ἐρωτῶ, ἀλλ’ εἰ τοῦ μὲν δικαίου μὴ ἀξιοῖ πλέον, ἔχειν [[μηδὲ]] βούλεται ὁ [[δίκαιος]], τοῦ δὲ ἀδίκου ([[ἔνθα]] ἡ ἀνεξάρτητος [[ἐρώτησις]] θὰ ἦτο μὴ ἀξιοῖ [[μηδὲ]] βούλεται;) Πλάτ. Πολ. 349Β. Ἐπὶ διπλῆς πλαγίας ἐρωτήσεως, [[εἴτε]]... [[εἴτε]]...; εἰ... [[εἴτε]]...; [[εἴτε]]... ἢ...; δυνατὸν νὰ τεθῇ ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ κώλῳ [[εἴτε]] οὐ [[εἴτε]] μή, πολλὰ ἂν περιεσκέψῳ, [[εἴτε]] [[ἐπιτρεπτέον]] [[εἴτε]] οὔ·... οὐδένα λόγον οὐδὲ συμβουλὴν ποιεῖ, [[εἴτε]] χρὴ ἐπιτρέπειν σαὐτὸν αὐτῷ [[εἴτε]] μὴ ὁ αὐτ. Πρωτ. 313Α, Β (ἐντὸς τῆς αὐτῆς περιόδου)· ἀνάγκην τὴν ἐμὴν μητέρα, [[εἴτε]] [[θυγάτηρ]] ἦν Κίρωνος [[εἴτε]] μή, καὶ εἰ παρ’ ἐκείνῳ διῃτᾶτο ἢ οὐ, καὶ γάμους εἰ διττοὺς [[ὑπὲρ]] ταύτης εἱστίασεν ἢ μή..., πάντα [[ταῦτα]] εἰδέναι τοὺς οἰκέτας Ἰσαῖος 69. 35. | |||
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