de: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>dē</b>: adv.: of [[place]],<br /><b>I</b> [[down]], [[only]] in the [[phrase]] susque [[deque]], q. v.<br /><b>dē</b>: prep. perh. for ded; cf. Oscan dat, old abl. of pronom. [[stem]] da; cf. also Lith. praep. da, as [[far]] as; and the suffixes, old [[case]]-forms, -[[dam]], -dem, -dum, -do, [[with]] the locative -de; v. Ribbeck, Beitr. z. L. v. d. Lat. Part. p. 4 sq. ([[with]] abl., denotes<br /><b>I</b> the [[going]] [[out]], [[departure]], [[removal]], or separating of an [[object]] from [[any]] [[fixed]] [[point]]. Accordingly, it occupies a [[middle]] [[place]] [[between]] ab, [[away]] from, [[which]] denotes a [[mere]] [[external]] [[departure]], and ex, [[out]] of, [[which]] signifies from the [[interior]] of a [[thing]]. Hence verbs compounded [[with]] de are constr. not [[only]] [[with]] de, [[but]] [[quite]] as freq. [[with]] ab and ex; and, on the [[other]] [[hand]], those compounded [[with]] ab and ex [[often]] [[have]] the [[terminus]] a quo indicated by de), from, [[away]] from, [[down]] from, [[out]] of, etc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In [[space]], lit. and trop. [[with]] verbs of [[motion]]: animam de corpore [[mitto]], Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.): [[aliquo]] [[quom]] jam [[sucus]] de corpore cessit, Lucr. 3, 224: ([[quod]] [[Ariovistus]]) de altera parte agri Sequanos decedere juberet, to [[depart]], [[withdraw]] from, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10; cf.: civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent, id. ib. 1, 2: decedere de [[provincia]], Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 49 ( = ex [[provincia]], id. ib. 2, 2, 65, § 147): de [[vita]] decedere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 11: exire de [[vita]], id. Lael. 4, 15 (cf.: excedere e [[vita]], id. ib. 3, 12): de triclinio, de cubiculo exire, id. de Or. 2, 65 fin.: hamum de cubiculo ut e [[navicula]] jacere, Plin. Ep. 9, 7, 4: de castris procedere, Sall. C. 61, 8 et saep.: [[brassica]] de capite et de oculis omnia ([[mala]]) deducet, [[Cato]] R. R. 157, 6: de digito anulum [[detraho]], Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 38; cf.: de matris complexu aliquem avellere [[atque]] abstrahere, Cic. Font. 17: [[nomen]] suum de [[tabula]] sustulit, id. Sest. 33, 72: [[ferrum]] de manibus extorsimus, id. Cat. 2, 1, 2: juris [[utilitas]] vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest, id. de Or. 1, 59, 252 et saep.: ... [[decido]] de [[lecto]] [[praeceps]], Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 50: de [[muro]] se deicere, Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 3: de [[sella]] exsilire, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30 fin.: nec ex equo vel de [[muro]], etc., hostem destinare, Tert. adv. Jud. 9, p. 192: de [[caelo]] aliquid demittere, Lucr. 2, 1155; cf. [[Cato]] R. R. 14, 3 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> In gen., to [[indicate]] the [[person]] or [[place]] from [[which]] [[any]] [[thing]] is taken, etc., [[with]] verbs of [[taking]] [[away]], depriving, demanding, requesting, [[inquiring]], [[buying]]; as capere, sumere, [[emere]], quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and [[their]] compounds; cf.: [[emere]] de [[aliquo]], [[Cato]] R. R. 1, 4: aliquid mercari de [[aliquo]], Cic. Fl. 20 et saep.: de [[aliquo]] quaerere, [[quid]], etc., Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: [[saepe]] hoc audivi de patre, id. de Or. 3, 33, 133; cf.: de mausoleo exaudita vox est, Suet. Ner. 46: ut sibi liceret discere id de me, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31; so [[with]] petere, of [[place]] ([[class]].): de vicino [[terra]] petita [[solo]], Ov. F. 4, 822; so of persons ([[late]] Lat.): [[peto]] de te, Dig. 36, 1, 57, § 2; Apul. M. 6, p. 179, 40.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[point]] [[out]] the [[place]] from [[which]] [[any]] [[thing]] is brought; and [[hence]], trop., to [[indicate]] its [[origin]], [[derivation]], etc.: of, from: de [[circo]] astrologi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58; so, [[caupo]] de via Latina, Cic. Clu. 59, 163: [[nescio]] qui de [[circo]] maximo, id. Mil. 24, 65: [[declamator]] [[aliqui]] de [[ludo]] aut [[rabula]] de [[foro]], id. Or. 15, 47: [[homo]] de [[schola]] [[atque]] a [[magistro]] ... [[eruditus]], id. de Or. 2, 7, 28: nautae de navi Alexandrina, Suet. Aug. 98: [[aliquis]] de ponte, i. e. a [[beggar]], Juv. 14, 134: Libyca de rupe leones, Ov. F. 2, 209: nostro de rure [[corona]], Tib. 1, 1, 15: Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas, Juv. 6, 344 al.: de summo [[loco]] Summoque genere [[eques]], Plaut. Capt. prol. 30; cf. id. Aul. prol. 28; id. Poen. 3, 1, 13: [[genetrix]] Priami de gente vetusta, Verg. A. 9, 284; cf. id. ib. 10, 350; Stat. S. 5, 3, 126: de Numitore sati, Ov. F. 5, 41: de libris, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252: de [[Philocteta]], id, ib. 3, 35, 141 (cf.: e [[Philocteta]] [[versus]], Quint. 3, 1, 14).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transf., to [[indicate]] the [[quarter]] from [[which]] [[motion]] [[proceeds]] (cf. ab), from, and [[because]] [[motion]] is so [[often]] and [[naturally]] downwards, [[down]] from: haec agebantur in conventu, [[palam]], de [[sella]] ac de [[loco]] superiore, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40; cf. ib. 2, 2, 38: quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit, id. ib. 2, 5, 7: qui [[nihil]] ex [[occulto]], [[nihil]] de insidiis, agendum putant, Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109; cf. de [[tergo]] plagas [[dare]], from [[behind]], Plaut. Asin. 2, 2, 10; Just. 20, 5, 5: de paupere [[mensa]] dona, Tib. 1, 1, 37 et saep.—In jurid. Latin: de [[plano]] discutere, interloqui, cognoscere, etc., i. e. on [[level]] [[ground]], not on the [[tribunal]] (cf. [[χαμόθεν]]>, opp. πρὸ βήματος, Dig. 27, 1, 13, § 10), Dig. 1, 4, 1; 1, 16, 9; 14. 3, 11 et saep.; so, de [[plano]], [[off]]-[[hand]], [[without]] [[formal]] [[consideration]], Lucr. 1, 411; v. [[planus]].—And [[with]] [[pendeo]], etc. (the [[motion]] in the [[eye]] transferred to the [[object]]): [[deque]] viri collo [[dulce]] pependit [[onus]], Ov. F. 2, 760: [[lucerna]] de [[camera]] pendebat, Petr. 30, 3; cf.: et nova de [[gravido]] palmite [[gemma]] tumet, Ov. F. 1, 152: de [[qua]] [[pariens]] arbore nixa dea est, [[leaning]] downwards [[against]] the [[tree]], id. H. 21, 100.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In [[time]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Immediately [[following]] a given [[moment]] of [[time]], [[after]], [[directly]] [[after]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): de concursu, Lucr. 1, 384 (cf. Munro, ad loc.): velim scire hodiene [[statim]] de auctione aut quo [[die]] venias, Cic. Att. 12, 3: non [[bonus]] [[somnus]] est de prandio, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8: de eorum verbis prosilui, etc., id. Trin. 1, 2, 178.—Hence, diem de [[die]], from [[day]] to [[day]], [[day]] [[after]] [[day]], Liv. 5, 48: cum is diem de [[die]] differret, dum, etc., id. 25, 25; cf.: diem de [[die]] proferendo, Just. 2, 15, 6: de [[die]] in diem, from [[day]] to [[day]], [[daily]] (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 60, 8; 2 Pet. 2, 8; Cypr. Ep. 3, 11.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; De nocte, de [[vigilia]], etc., to [[designate]] an [[act]] [[which]] begins or takes its [[origin]] from the [[night]]-[[time]], Engl. [[during]] or in the [[course]] of the [[night]], at [[night]], by [[night]], etc.: De. Rus [[cras]] cum filio Cum [[primo]] [[lucu]] ibo [[hinc]]. Mi. Imo de nocte [[censeo]], to-[[night]] [[rather]], Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55: in [[comitium]] [[Milo]] de nocte venit, in the [[night]] (cf. [[shortly]] [[before]], [[Milo]] media nocte in campum venit), Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; cf. id. Mur. 33, 69: vigilas tu de nocte, id. ib. 9, 22; cf.: de nocte evigilabat, Suet. Vesp. 21: ut jugulent homines, surgunt de nocte latrones, at [[night]], Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32; and [[Hannibal]] surgere de nocte [[solitus]], Frontin Strat. 4, 3, 7 et saep.: ut de nocte [[multa]] impigreque exsurrexi, [[late]] in the [[night]], Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; so, [[multa]] de nocte, Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Att. 7, 4 fin. (for [[which]] [[multa]] nocte, id. Q. Fr. 2, 9); cf. also: si de [[multa]] nocte (al. de nocte) vigilassent, id. Att. 2, 15, 2: [[Caesar]] mittit [[complures]] equitum turmas eo de media nocte, Caes. B. G. 7, 45; 7, 88; so, media de nocte, at [[midnight]], Suet. Calig. 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 91: [[Caesar]] de tertia [[vigilia]] e castris [[profectus]], in the [[third]] [[night]]-[[watch]], Caes. B. G. 1, 12: de tertia [[vigilia]], id. ib. 1, 21; Liv. 9, 44 Drak.; 40, 4 al.; cf.: de quarta [[vigilia]], Caes. B. G. 1, 21, 3 al.; v. [[vigilia]]. —As in this [[manner]] de nocte became adverbially = nocte, so de [[die]] [[was]] [[sometimes]] used for [[die]] or per diem: de [[die]] potare, by [[day]], in the daytime, Plaut. Asin. 4, 2, 16: epulari de [[die]], Liv. 23, 8; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 8; Catull. 47, 6; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Domit. 21; cf.: [[bibulus]] media de [[luce]] Falerni, Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 34; and in a [[lusus]] verbb. [[with]] in diem, Cic. Phil. 2, 34 fin.—Less freq., de mense: navigare de mense Decembri, in [[December]], Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin.—And [[once]] de tempore for tempore: [[ipse]] de tempore coenavit, Auct. B. Hisp. 33, 5.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> In [[other]] relations, implying [[separation]], [[departure]] from, etc.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[designate]] the [[whole]], from [[which]] a [[part]] is taken, or of [[which]] a [[part]] is [[separately]] regarded, etc., from [[among]], [[out]] of, from: hominem certum misi de comitibus meis, Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2: gladio [[percussus]] ab uno de illis, id. Mil. 24, 65: si [[quis]] de nostris hominibus, id. Flacc. 4: quemvis de iis qui essent idonei, id. Div. in Caecil. 4 fin.: de [[tribus]] et [[decem]] fundis [[tres]] nobilissimi fundi, id. Rosc. Am. 35, 99 et saep.: [[accusator]] de plebe, id. Brut. 34, 131: pulsare minimum de plebe Quiritem, Ov. Am. 1, 7, 29; cf. Liv. 7, 17: [[malus]] poëta de [[populo]], Cic. Arch. 10, 25 et saep.: partem [[solido]] demere de [[die]], Hor. Od. 1, 1, 20: [[quantum]] de [[vita]] perdiderit, Petr. 26: praeteriine tuas de tot caelestibus aras, Ov. Her. 21, 179; Juv. 1, 138. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Sometimes de [[with]] abl. takes the [[place]] of the gen. partit. or gen. obj. In the [[best]] writers this occurs [[mainly]]<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(a)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; to [[avoid]] [[ambiguity]] [[where]] genitives would be multiplied: ne [[expers]] partis esset de nostris bonis, Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39: ut aliquem partem de istius [[impudentia]] reticere possim, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for greater [[precision]]: si quae sunt de [[eodem]] genere, id. Tusc. 4, 7, 16: [[persona]] de mimo, id. Phil. 2, 27, 65;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in the poets, metri gratiā: aliquid de [[more]] vetusto, Ov. F. 6, 309; Grat. Cyneg. 17: laudes de Caesare, Ov. Pont. 4, 13, 23: [[cetera]] de genere hoc, Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 4, 746. This [[circumlocution]] [[was]] freq. in [[comic]] writers and in [[vulgar]] lang., and became [[more]] [[common]] in the declining periods of the lang., so [[that]] in the Romance tongues de, di, etc., [[with]] a [[case]] [[represent]] the earlier genitive (so, [[conscius]], [[conscientia]], meminisse, mentionem facere, recordari, etc., de [[aliqua]] re for alicujus rei, v. h. vv.).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[indicate]] the [[property]] from [[which]] the costs of [[any]] [[thing]] are taken: obsonat, potat, olet unguenta de meo, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37; so, de tuo, Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 65: de suo, Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5; Suet. Caes. 19: de nostro, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 11: de vestro, Liv. 6, 15, 10; cf.: de vestris, Ov. F. 3, 828: de [[alieno]], Liv. 3, 1, 3; Just. 36, 3 fin.: de [[publico]], Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44; Liv. 1, 20; 2, 16; 4, 60. For de tuo, [[once]] de te: de te [[largitor]] [[puer]], Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 17.—Also in a trop. [[sense]]: ad tua praecepta de meo [[nihil]] his novum apposivi, Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; cf. id. Men. 1. 2, 40; Cic. Fam. 4, 3; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 8.—Poet., to [[denote]] [[that]] [[out]] of [[which]], or by [[which]], one pays a [[penalty]] or suffers [[punishment]]: has vestro de [[sanguine]] poenas datis, Luc. 4, 805; cf.: cum de visceribus tuis satisfacturus sis quibus debes, Cic. Q. Frat. 1, 3, 7.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[designate]] the [[material]] of [[which]] [[any]] [[thing]] is made, of, [[out]] of, from: niveo [[factum]] de marmore [[signum]], Ov. M. 14, 313; cf. Verg. G. 3, 13: [[verno]] de flore [[corona]], Tib. 2, 1, 59: [[sucus]] de quinquefolio, Plin. 26, 4, 11: [[cinis]] de fico, Pall. 1, 35, 3 et saep.: de templo carcerem fleri, Cic. Phil. 5, 7; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 32: captivum de rege facturi, Just. 7, 2, 11; cf.: inque deum de bove [[versus]] erat, Ov. F. 5, 616 et saep.: fles de rhetore [[consul]], Juv. 7, 197.—Cf. trop. by [[means]] of: de [[eodem]] [[oleo]] et [[opera]] exaravi [[nescio]] [[quid]] ad te, Cic. Att. 13, 38.—Prov.: de [[nihilo]] [[nihilum]], Pers. 3, 84; cf. Lucr. 1, 157 sq.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[mental]] operations, to [[indicate]] the [[subject]]-[[matter]] or [[theme]] on [[which]] [[any]] [[mental]] [[act]] ([[thinking]], considering, advising, determining, etc.; discoursing, informing, exhorting, deciding, disputing, doubting, etc.) is founded; of, [[about]], [[concerning]], Gr. [[περί]]>: cogitare de [[aliqua]] re, etc. (the [[most]] [[common]] [[signification]]): [[multa]] narrare de Laelio, Cic. Lael. 1, 1: dubitare de re, id. Fam. 3, 10, 15: de suo adventu docere, Suet. Caes. 9: de moribus admonere, Sall. Cat. 5, 9 et saep.—With this, [[too]], is [[connected]] its [[use]],<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>5</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[indicate]] the producing [[cause]] or [[reason]], for, on [[account]] of, [[because]] of: nam id [[nisi]] gravi de [[causa]] non fecisset, Cic. Att. 7, 7, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 41, 186; Cael ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15; Cic. Att. 11, 3: de quo nomine ad arbitrum adiisti, de eo ad judicium venisti, id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12: flebat [[uterque]] non de suo supplicio, sed [[pater]] de filii morte, de patris [[filius]], id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76: de labore [[pectus]] tundit, [[with]] [[pain]], Plaut. Casin. 2, 6, 63: incessit passu de vulnere [[tardo]], Ov. M. 10, 49: [[humus]] fervet de corpore, id. ib. 7, 560: facilius de [[odio]] creditur, Tac. H. 1, 34: [[quod]] erat de me [[feliciter]] [[Ilia]] [[mater]], [[through]] me, Ov. F. 3, 233 et saep.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>6</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[indicate]] the [[thing]] [[with]] [[reference]] to [[which]] [[any]] [[thing]] is done, [[with]] [[respect]] to, [[concerning]]: de [[istac]] re in oculum utrumvis conquiescito, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 121: nil peccat de [[savio]], Caec. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 11 (v. 161 Ribbeck): credere de [[numero]] militum, Cic. Att. 9, 1, 2: de [[numero]] dierum fidem servare, Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Sall. C. 50, 3: de ceteris senatui curae [[fore]], id. Jug. 26, 1: concessum ab nobilitate de consule plebeio, Liv. 6, 42: solem de virgine rapta consule, Ov. F. 4, 581 et saep.—Ellipt.: de argento [[somnium]], as for the [[money]], Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 50 (for [[which]] id. Heaut. 4, 2, 4: [[quod]] de argento sperem, [[nihil]] est): Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 1: de Dionysio [[sum]] admiratus, Cic. Att. 9, 12; id. Off. 1, 15, 47: de me [[autem]] suscipe paullisper meas partes, id. Fam. 3, 12, 2; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 36 et saep.: de Samnitibus triumphare, [[concerning]], [[over]], Cic. Sen. 16, 55; cf. Hor. 4, 2, 88: de Atheniensibus [[victoria]], Curt. 8, 1, 33.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>7</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To [[indicate]] the [[thing]] in [[conformity]] [[with]] [[which]] [[any]] [[thing]] is done, according to, [[after]]: [[secundum]]: DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD, S. C. de Bac.: fecisse dicas de mea [[sententia]], Plaut. Bac. 4, 9, 115; cf.: de suorum propinquorum [[sententia]] [[atque]] auctoritate fecisse dicatur, Cic. Cael. 29: de consilii [[sententia]] Mamertinis se [[frumentum]] non imperare pronunciat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21 al.: de ejus consilio velle [[sese]] facere, Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 17: vix de mea voluntate concessum est, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4: de [[exemplo]] meo [[ipse]] aedificato, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 86: de [[more]] vetusto, Verg. A. 11, 142; Ov. M. 7, 606: de nomine, id. ib. 1, 447: patrioque vocat de nomine mensem, id. F. 3, 77.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>8</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With adjectives to form adverbial expressions.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> De [[integro]], anew ( = ab [[integro]], ex [[integro]]; cf.: [[iterum]], [[rursus]], [[denuo]]), indidemque [[eadem]] [[aeque]] oriuntur de [[integro]], [[atque]] [[eodem]] occidunt, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll. (v. 92 Ribb.): [[ratio]] de [[integro]] ineunda est mihi, Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56; id. Att. 13, 27; id. Fam. 12, 30, 2 et saep. (The [[combination]] de [[novo]] appears [[only]] in the [[contracted]] form [[denuo]], v. h. v.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> De improviso, [[unexpectedly]]: ubi de improviso interventum est mulieri, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; Caes. B. G. 2, 3; 5, 22; 5, 39 et saep.; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> De transverso, [[unexpectedly]]: [[ecce]] [[autem]] de transverso L. [[Caesar]] ut veniam ad se rogat, Cic. Att. 15, 4 fin.; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14.!*? De is [[often]] [[put]] [[between]] an adj. or pron. and its [[substantive]]; cf. [[above]] [[multa]] de nocte, media de nocte, gravi de [[causa]], etc.: [[qua]] de re, Ter. Andr. 1, 2, 13; esp. in the judic. [[formula]]: [[qua]] de re agitur; cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6; Cic. Brut. 79 fin. Also freq. [[after]] a [[simple]] [[relative]]: quo de, Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 41; 54, 104; 2, 11, 37: [[qua]] de, id. ib. 2, 23, 70 et saep.<br /><b>II</b> In [[composition]] the e becomes [[short]] [[before]] a vowel, as in dĕhisco, dĕhinc, dĕorsum, and coincides [[with]] it in the poets by synaeresis; cf.: [[dehinc]], [[deinde]], [[deinceps]], [[deorsum]]; [[sometimes]] [[contraction]] takes [[place]], as in [[debeo]], [[debilis]], [[dego]], [[demo]], from [[dehabeo]], de-[[habilis]], de-[[ago]], de-emo.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Signif.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> Separation, [[departure]], [[removal]], [[taking]] [[away]]; [[off]], [[away]], [[down]], [[out]]: [[decedo]], [[demigro]], [[demeto]], [[depromo]], [[descendo]], [[devolvo]], [[derivo]], [[deflecto]], etc.; and trop. [[dedico]], [[denuntio]]; and in a [[downward]] [[direction]], [[decido]], [[decumbo]], [[deprimo]], [[demergo]], [[delabor]], [[defluo]], [[demitto]], [[desido]], [[desideo]], [[declivis]], [[deculco]], [[degredior]], [[deicio]], etc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Cessation, [[removal]] of the [[fundamental]] [[idea]] ( = un-, de-, dis-): [[dearmo]], [[deartuo]], [[decresco]], [[dedisco]], [[dedecoro]], [[dedignor]], [[dedoceo]], [[denascor]], [[denormo]], [[desum]], etc.; and [[hence]] [[direct]] [[negation]], as in [[dedecet]], [[deformis]], [[demens]], etc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> With [[reference]] to the [[terminus]] of the [[action]]: [[defero]], [[defigo]], [[demitto]], etc.; [[hence]] also trop., [[with]] [[reference]] to the [[extent]] of the [[action]], to the [[uttermost]], to [[exhaustion]], [[through]]. [[out]]: [[debacchor]], [[debello]], [[dedolo]], [[delino]], [[delibuo]], etc.: [[defatigo]], [[delaboro]], [[delasso]], etc.; [[hence]] freq. a [[mere]] strengthening of the [[fundamental]] [[idea]], = [[valde]], [[thoroughly]], [[much]]: [[demiror]], [[demitigo]], etc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> Giving a [[bad]] [[sense]] to the [[verb]]: [[decipio]], [[delinquo]], [[deludo]], [[derideo]], [[detestor]].—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> Rarely, [[contraction]] from a [[broad]] [[into]] a [[narrow]] [[space]], [[together]]: [[deligo]], [[devincio]]. See also Hand Turs. II. p. 183-229.