magistratus: Difference between revisions

|lshtext=<b>măgistrātus</b>: ūs (contr. form:<br /><b>I</b> [[magistras]] [[primus]], Inscr. Orell. 3798), m. [[magister]], the [[office]] or [[rank]] of a [[magister]], a magisterial [[office]], [[civil]] [[office]], [[magistracy]].<br /><b>I</b> Lit.: honores, [[magistratus]], imperia, potestates, Cic. Lael. 17, 63: magistratūs mandare, id. Mur 35, 74: [[dare]], id. Agr. 2, 10, 26: alicui committere, id. Planc. 25, 61: magistratum habere, id. Verr. 2, 4, 61, § 137: obtinere, to [[hold]], [[administer]], Caes. B. G. 7, 33: ingredi, to [[enter]] [[upon]], Sall. J. 47: magistratu abire, to [[resign]], Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47: se abdicare, Dig. 1, 2, 2: deponere, Caes. B. G. 7, 33: in magistratu manere, to [[remain]] in [[office]], Liv. 5, 11: esse, id. 5, 28: aliquid gerere in magistratu, Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47: hoc mihi [[deposco]], [[quod]] agam in magistratu, id. Verr. 1, 12, 36: lex est generale jussum populi aut [[plebis]], rogante magistratu, Att. Cap. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 2.—There were [[two]] kinds of [[civil]] offices in [[Rome]], [[magistratus]] extraordinarii and ordinarii. To the [[former]] belonged the dictators, the magistri equitum, the [[duumviri]] perduellionis, the quaestores rerum capitalium, the [[triumviri]] mensarii, etc. The [[latter]] were divided [[into]] the majores: the consulate, [[praetorship]], and [[censorship]]; and the minores, to [[which]] belonged the aediles, the quaestors, the tribuni [[plebis]], the [[triumviri]], etc. Besides these, [[there]] were [[magistratus]] [[patricii]], [[which]], at [[first]], were [[filled]] by patricians; and, on the [[other]] [[hand]], [[magistratus]] plebeii, [[which]] were [[filled]] from the [[plebs]]; curules, [[who]] had the [[privilege]] of using the [[sella]] [[curulis]], [[namely]], the consuls, censors, praetors, and aediles curules. On the [[distinction]] [[between]] [[magistratus]] majores and minores, v. esp. Gell. 13, 15, 4; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 157.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; When [[magistratus]] and imperia are joined [[together]], the [[former]] denotes magisterial offices in [[Rome]], and the [[latter]] the [[authority]] of officers in the provinces: [[magistratus]] et imperia [[minime]] mihi cupiunda videntur, Sall. J. 3; cf.: juris dictionem de fidei commissis, [[quot]] annis et [[tantum]] in urbe delegari magistratibus solitam, in perpetuum [[atque]] [[etiam]] per provincias potestatibus demandavit, Suet. Claud. 23: [[magistratus]], as a [[general]] [[rule]], is used of [[civil]] offices [[alone]], and [[only]] by [[way]] of [[exception]] of [[military]] commands; the [[latter]] were called imperia: abstinentiam [[neque]] in imperiis, [[neque]] in magistratibus praestitit, Suet. Caes. 54.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Of [[military]] commands: erat in classe [[Chabrias]] [[privatus]], sed omnes, qui in magistratu erant, auctoritate anteibat, Nep. Chabr. 4, 1.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., a [[magistrate]], [[public]] functionary: quae vox ([[magistratus]]) duabus significationibus notatur. Nam aut personam ipsam demonstrat, ut cum dicimus: [[magistratus]] jussit; aut honorem, ut cum dicimus: Tito [[magistratus]] [[datus]] est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 126 Müll.: est proprium [[munus]] magistratūs, intelligere, se gerere personam civitatis, Cic. Off. 1, 34, 124; Sall. J. 19: seditiosi, id. ib. 73: creare [[magistratus]], Liv. 5, 17: his [[enim]] magistratibus legati Romam venerunt, in [[their]] consulate, Nep. Hann. 7: [[inter]] filium magistratum et patrem privatum, Gell. 2, 2. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp., [[sing]]. [[collect]]., the [[body]] of magistrates, the [[municipal]] [[administration]] (cf. Gr. [[ἀρχή]] = ἄρχοντες; not in Cic.): ad magistratum senatumque Lacedaemoniorum, Nep. Them. 7. 4; id. Lys. 4, 3; id. Epam. 4, 3.