denique: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>dēnĭquē</b>: adv. etym. dub.; perh. dēnĭ, locative of de, and que.<br /><b>I</b> Orig. denoting [[succession]] in [[time]], and [[thereupon]], and [[then]], in the [[sequel]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen. ([[rare]]—for syn. cf.: tum, [[demum]], [[tandem]], [[postremo]]): omnes negabant ... [[denique]] [[hercle]] jam pudebat, Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 8: risu omnes qui aderant emoriri. Denique Metuebant omnes jam me, id. Eun. 3, 1, 42: [[ille]] imperat reliquis civitatibus obsides. Denique ei rei constituit diem, Caes. B. G. 7, 64: [[ferme]] ut [[quisque]] rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt [[post]] principia [[denique]], Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4.—In the interrogatory [[formula]]: [[quid]] [[denique]] agitis? and [[what]] did [[you]] do [[then]]? Plaut. Bac. 2, 3, 60: id. Truc. 2, 4, 47.—More freq.,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Pregn., [[ending]] a [[period]], at [[last]], at [[length]]; [[lastly]], [[finally]]: [[boat]] [[caelum]] fremitu virum ... Denique, ut voluimus, nostra superat [[manus]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 12; Ter. And. 1, 1, 120: [[nisi]] [[quia]] [[lubet]] experiri, quo evasuru 'st [[denique]], Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 93; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 8; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 71: Nil nostri miserere? mori me [[denique]] coges, Verg. E. 2, 7: [[quid]] jam [[misero]] mihi [[denique]] restat? id. A. 2, 70; 2, 295 al.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Strengthened by ad extremum, ad postremum, or [[tandem]]: boni [[nescio]] [[quomodo]] tardiores sunt, et principiis rerum neglectis ad extremum ipsa [[denique]] [[necessitate]] excitantur, Cic. Sest. 47: [[victus]] [[denique]] ad postremum est, Just. 12, 16 fin.; 37, 1 fin.: et [[tandem]] [[denique]] devorato pudore ad Milonem aio, Ap. M. 2, p. 121.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Sometimes of [[that]] [[which]] happens [[after]] a [[long]] [[delay]] = [[tandem]]: quae (sc. urbana) ego diu [[ignorans]], ex tuis jucundissimis litteris a. d. V. Cal. Jan. [[denique]] cognovi, Cic. Att. 5, 20, 8: [[aliquam]] mihi partem [[hodie]] operae des [[denique]], jam [[tandem]] ades [[ilico]], Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 40.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> With the particles tum, [[nunc]], or an abl. of [[time]] ([[nearly]] = [[demum]]), [[just]]. [[precisely]]: tum [[denique]] homines nostra intellegimus bona, cum, etc., Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 39: qui convenit polliceri operam suam reip. tum [[denique]], si [[necessitate]] cogentur? etc., Cic. Rep. 1, 6; so tum [[denique]], id. Quint. 13, 43; id. Tusc. 3, 31, 75; id. de Sen. 23, 82; id. Fin. 1, 19, 64 et saep.; and separated, id. Lael. 22, 84; id. Caecin. 34 fin.: [[tantum]] accessit, ut mihi [[nunc]] [[denique]] [[amare]] videar, [[antea]] dilexisse, id. Fam. 9, 14, 5; cf. id. Quint. 13: ne is, de cujus [[officio]] [[nemo]] [[umquam]] dubitavit, sexagesimo [[denique]] [[anno]] dedecore notetur, id. ib. 31, 99; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 4; id. B. C. 1, 5, 2; Sall. J. 105, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Like [[demum]] [[with]] pronouns, to [[give]] [[emphasis]]: si [[qua]] metu dempto casta est, ea [[denique]] casta est, Ov. Am. 3, 4, 3: is [[enim]] [[denique]] [[honos]] mihi videri solet, qui, etc., Cic. Fam. 10, 10; cf.: eo [[denique]], Cic. Quint. 11, 38.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(g)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; With vix ([[like]] vix [[demum]]): posita vix [[denique]] [[mensa]], Ov. Her. 16, 215.—<br /><b>II</b> Transf., in enumerations.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Like [[dein]] ([[deinde]]) followed by [[postremo]], or ad postremum ([[rare]]): [[denique]] sequitur ... [[postremo]] si est, etc., Varr. L. L. 7, 19, 113: omnes urbes, agri, regna [[denique]], [[postremo]] [[etiam]] vectigalia vestra venierint, Cic. Agr. 2, 23 fin.; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; cf. id. Fam. 2, 15, 4: [[primum]] illis cum Lucanis [[bellum]] fuit .. Denique [[Alexander]] rex Epiri .. cum omnibus copiis ab his [[deletus]] est .. ad postremum [[Agathocles]], etc., Just. 23, 1, 15. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Pregn., to [[introduce]] the [[last]] of a [[series]], [[finally]], [[lastly]], in [[fine]] (the [[usual]] [[meaning]] of the [[word]]; cf.: [[postremo]], [[novissime]], ad extremum): [[consilium]] ceperunt ... ut [[nomen]] hujus de parricidio deferrent, ut ad eam rem aliquem accusatorem veterem compararent ... [[denique]] ut, etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Ov. Tr. 2, 231: [[cur]] [[etiam]] [[secundo]] [[proelio]] aliquos ex suis amitteret? [[cur]] vulnerari pateretur [[optime]] de se meritos milites? [[cur]] [[denique]] fortunam periclitaretur? Caes. B. C. 1, 72, 2: aut [[denique]], Cic. Arch, 6, 12: qui [[denique]], id. Rep. 1, 17: tum [[denique]], Verg. G. 2, 369 et saep.: cum de moribus, de virtutibus, [[denique]] de republica disputet ([[Socrates]]), Cic. Rep. 1, 10: mathematici, poetae, musici, medici [[denique]], etc., id. Fin. 5, 3, 7: [[denique]] [[etiam]], id. Fl. 4, 9: [[primum]] omnium me ipsum vigilare, etc.: [[deinde]] magnos animos esse in bonis viris ..: deos [[denique]] immortales. [[auxilium]] esse laturos, id. Cat. 2, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Freq. in ascending to a [[climax]], or to a [[higher]] or [[more]] [[general]] [[expression]], in a [[word]], in [[fine]], in [[short]], [[briefly]], [[even]], in [[fact]], [[indeed]]: [[quis]] hunc hominem [[rite]] dixerit, qui sibi cum suis civibus, qui [[denique]] cum omni hominum genere nullam esse juris communionem velit? Cic. Rep. 2, 26: [[nemo]] [[bonus]], [[nemo]] [[denique]] [[civis]] est, qui, etc., id. Pis. 20, 45; id. Verr. 2, 2, 69; Liv. 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 10 al.: pernegabo [[atque]] obdurabo, perjurabo [[denique]], Plaut. As. 2, 2, 56; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 51; id. Hec. 4, 4, 95; Cic. Quint. 16, 51; id. Verr. 2, 2, 23 al.: [[numquam]] tam [[mane]] [[egredior]], [[neque]] tam vesperi domum revortor, [[quin]] te in [[fundo]] conspicer fodere, aut arare, aut aliquid facere [[denique]], Heaut. 1, 1, 15: [[quod]] [[malum]] majus, seu [[tantum]] [[denique]]? Cic. Att. 10, 8, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 2: ne nummi pereant, aut [[pyga]] aut [[denique]] [[fama]], Hor. S. 1, 2, 133: haec [[denique]] ejus fuit postrema [[oratio]], Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 44; so Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317; id. Verr. 1, 27, 70; Nep. Pelop. 4, 3; Vell. 2, 113; Tac. A. 1, 26; Ov. M. 2, 95 al. —Hence, freq. [[emphatic]] [[with]] [[ipse]]: [[arma]], [[tela]], locos, tempora, [[denique]] naturam ipsam [[industria]] vicerat, Sall. J. 76: hoc [[denique]] ipso [[die]], Cic. Mil. 36, 100.—With omnia, [[prius]] [[flamma]], [[prius]] [[denique]] omnia, [[quam]], etc., id. Phil. 13, 21, 49; Quint. 10, 1, 119; Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 13; cf.: [[quidquid]] [[denique]], Cels. 2, 28, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In [[post]]-Aug. [[prose]] (esp. in the jurists), to [[denote]] an [[inference]], in [[consequence]], [[therefore]], [[accordingly]]: hujus victoriae [[callide]] dissimulata [[laetitia]] est: [[denique]] non solita sacra [[Philippus]] [[illa]] [[die]] fecit, etc., Just. 9, 4, 1: pulcherrima Campaniae [[plaga]] est: [[nihil]] mollius [[caelo]]: [[denique]] bis floribus vernat, Flor. 1, 16, 3; Dig. 1, 7, 13; 10, 4, 3, § 15 et saep. So in citing a [[decision]] for a [[position]] [[assumed]]: [[denique]] [[Scaevola]] ait, etc., Dig. 7, 3, 4; 4, 4, 3; 7, 8, 14: exstat [[quidem]] [[exemplum]] ejus, qui gessit (sc. magistratum) [[caecus]]: [[Appius]] [[denique]] [[Claudius]] [[caecus]] consiliis publicis intererat, ib. 3, 1, 1, § 5 and 6; 48, 5, 8.—In [[class]]. [[usage]] [[denique]] includes the connective -que; [[once]] in Plaut. and [[often]] in [[late]] Lat. a copul. conj. precedes it: [[atque]] hoc [[denique]], Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 18: [[aurum]], [[argentum]], et [[denique]] aliae res, Gai. Inst. 2, 13; Dig. 1, 8, 1. See Hand Turs. II. p. 260-278.

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