imperator: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>impĕrātor</b>: (inp-), ōris (archaic form induperator, Enn. Ann. v. 86; 332; 350; 552 Vahl.; Lucr. 4, 967; 5, 1227; cf. 1.<br /><b>I</b> init.; [[but]] in Enn. also [[imperator]], Trag. v. 34 Vahl.), m. id..<br /><b>I</b> Orig., milit. t. t., a [[commander]]-in-[[chief]], [[general]], = [[στρατηγός]] (cf.: dux, [[ductor]]).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen.: si [[forte]] quaereretur, quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem [[principio]], [[quis]] esset [[imperator]]: qui cum esset [[constitutus]] [[administrator]] [[quidam]] belli gerendi, tum adjungeremus de exercitu, de castris, etc.... de reliquis rebus, quae essent propriae belli administrandi: quarum qui essent [[animo]] et [[scientia]] compotes, eos esse imperatores dicerem, utererque exemplis Africanorum et Maximorum; Epaminondam [[atque]] Hannibalem [[atque]] ejus generis homines nominarem, Cic. de Or. 1, 48, 210: aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: [[alter]] omnia agere ad [[praescriptum]], [[alter]] [[libere]] ad summam rerum consulere debet, Caes. B. C. 3, 51, 4: [[sapiens]] et [[callidus]] [[imperator]], Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 58: [[bonus]] ac [[fortis]], id. de Or. 2, 44, 187; cf.: [[egregie]] [[fortis]] et [[bonus]], id. ib. 2, 66, 268: eosdem labores non [[aeque]] esse graves imperatori et militi, id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62: ego sic [[existimo]] in summo imperatore quatuor has res inesse oportere, scientiam rei [[militaris]], virtutem, auctoritatem, felicitatem, etc., id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28: unum ad id [[bellum]] imperatorem deposci, id. ib. 2, 5: [[nomen]] invicti imperatoris, id. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 82: [[Themistocles]] ... [[imperator]] [[bello]] Persico, id. Lael. 12, 42: cum pro se [[quisque]] in conspectu imperatoris ... operam navare cuperet, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.: insece, [[Musa]], manu Romanorum induperator Quod [[quisque]] in [[bello]] gessit cum rege Philippo, Enn. ap. Gell. 18, 9, 3 (Ann. v. 332 Vahl.): induperatores pugnare ac proelia obire, Lucr. 4, 967.—As a [[title]], placed [[after]] the [[name]]: M. [[Cicero]] S. D. C. Antonio M. F. Imp., Cic. Fam. 5, 5 inscr.: Cn. Pompeio Cn. F. Magno Imperatori, id. ib. 5, 7 inscr.: Vatinio Imp. S., id. ib. 5, 11 et saep. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic., pregn., in the times of the [[republic]], a [[title]] of [[honor]] conferred on a [[general]] [[after]] [[any]] [[important]] [[victory]]: his rebus gestis [[Curio]] se in [[castra]] ad Bagradam recepit, [[atque]] universi [[exercitus]] conclamatione Imperator appellatur, Caes. B. C. 2, 26, 1; cf.: [[Pompeius]] eo [[proelio]] Imperator est appellatus, id. ib. 3, 71, 3; Cic. Phil. 14, 4, 11; 14, 5, 12; Caes. B. C. 3, 31, 1; Liv. 27, 19, 4; Inscr. Orell. 542; 3417 sq. (cf. also Plin. [[Pan]]. 12, 1).—<br /><b>II</b> Transf. [[beyond]] the milit. [[sphere]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen., a [[commander]], [[leader]], [[chief]], [[director]], [[ruler]], [[master]]: (Romani) immutato [[more]] annua imperia, binos imperatores sibi fecere, i. e. consuls, Sall. C. 6, 7: (vis venti) Induperatorem [[classis]] [[super]] aequora verrit, [[admiral]], Lucr. 5, 1227: [[imperator]] [[histricus]], [[director]], [[manager]], Plaut. Poen. prol. 4: di te servassint [[semper]] ... [[salus]] interioris hominis amorisque inperator, id. As. 3, 3, 66: familiae, id. Capt. 2, 2, 57: [[nolo]] eundem populum imperatorem et portitorem esse terrarum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 24, 22 (Rep. 4, 7 Mos.): dux et [[imperator]] vitae mortalium [[animus]] est, Sall. J. 1, 3: vitae nostrae necisque, Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An epithet of Jupiter, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129: [[signum]] Jovis Imperatoris, Liv. 6, 29, 8.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[conqueror]] at a [[game]] of chess, Vop. Proc. 13, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[title]] of the Roman emperors, placed [[either]] [[before]] or [[after]] the [[name]] (cf. I.); [[before]] it, Suet. Caes. 76; Claud. 12; 26: IMP. CAESARI DIVI IVLI F., Inscr. Orell. 596; so ib. 597; 600; 602; 604 sq.; [[after]] it, Suet. Oth. 2; Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 9; 4, 17, 8; 4, 22, 4.—Hence [[afterwards]] absol.: Imperator, a Roman [[emperor]], Tac. A. 3, 74: [[velut]] [[praesagium]] insequentis [[casus]], quo [[medius]] [[inter]] utriusque filios exstitit Imperator, Suet. Galb. 6; id. Claud. 13; 29; id. Galb. 3, 6, 20; id. Vit. 3 et saep.

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