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|lshtext=<b>-nĕ</b>: (also apocopated n' and [[only]] n),<br /><b>I</b> interrog. and enclit. [[part]]. [weakened from nē]. It [[simply]] inquires, [[without]] implying [[either]] [[that]] a [[negative]] or an [[affirmative]] [[reply]] is [[expected]] (cf. num, [[nonne]]), and emphasizes the [[word]] to [[which]] it is joined; [[which]] is [[always]], in classic Latin, the [[first]] [[word]] of the [[clause]] ([[ante]]- [[class]]. [[after]] [[other]] words: [[sine]] [[dote]] uxoremne? Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In [[direct]] questions it is translated by giving an [[interrogative]] form to the [[sentence]]; in [[indirect]] interrogations by [[whether]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> In [[direct]] interrogations, [[with]] indic.: meministine me in senatu dicere? etc., Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7: potestne rerum major esse [[dissensio]]? id. Fin. 3, 13, 44: [[tune]] id [[veritus]] es? id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1: jamne vides, [[belua]], jamne [[sentis]]? etc., id. Pis. 1, 1: [[quid]], si [[etiam]] falsum illud [[omnino]] est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes? id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44: quiane [[auxilio]] juvat [[ante]] levatos? Verg. A. 4, 538: [[tun]]']] te audes Sosiam esse dicere? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217: valuistin? id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s: satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: [[quam]] [[aeque]] diligam? Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11: pergin [[autem]]? id. ib. 1, 3, 41: vin commutemus? id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Esp. [[with]] rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do [[you]] [[mean]] the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne [[vobis]] placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be [[that]] [[what]] pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65; so [[quin]] for quine, id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So [[with]] ut and si: utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri? Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19: [[sin]], saluti [[quod]] [[tibi]] esse [[censeo]], id. [[consuadeo]], id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> In [[indirect]] interrogations, [[with]] subj., [[whether]]: ut videamus, satisne ista [[sit]] justa [[defectio]], Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43: [[Publilius]] iturusne [[sit]] in Africam et [[quando]], ex Aledio scire poteris, id. Att. 12, 24, 1: videto vasa, multane sient, [[Cato]], R. R. 1: quem imitari possimusne, [[ipse]] [[liber]] erit indicio, Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Sometimes affixed to an [[interrogative]] pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2: quone [[malo]] mentem concussa? Timore deorum, Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.: uterne Ad [[casus]] dubios fidet sibi certius? id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and: [[illa]] rogare: Quantane? id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—（ε) -ne is [[sometimes]] used for [[nonne]], [[where]] an [[affirmative]] [[reply]] is [[expected]]: misine ego ad te epistulam? Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15: rectene [[interpretor]] sententiam tuam, Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—（ζ) Rarely = num: potestne [[virtus]] servire? Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226: potesne dicere? id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—<br /> <b>b</b> With an, [[annon]], or [[anne]], in the [[second]] [[interrogation]], v. an.—With [[necne]], v. [[neque]].—Sometimes pleonastic [[with]] [[utrum]], followed by an ([[mostly]] anteclass.): est [[etiam]] [[illa]] [[distinctio]], [[utrum]] illudne non videatur [[aegre]] ferendum ... an, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59: sed [[utrum]] strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, [[nescio]], Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the [[second]] [[interrogation]], ne for an ([[mostly]] [[poet]].): [[Smyrna]] [[quid]] et [[Colophon]]? Majora minorane [[fama]]? Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3: ut in [[incerto]] fuerit, vicissent victine essent, Liv. 5, 28, 5: cum interrogaretur, [[utrum]] pluris patrem matremne faceret, Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.<br /><b>nē</b>: (old forms nei and ni;<br /><b>I</b><br /> v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the [[primitive]] Latin [[negative]] [[particle]], no, not; [[whereas]] the [[negative]] [[particle]] non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal [[origin]]; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), [[whence]] naht (Engl. not) is [[derived]]; Sanscr. na, not.<br /><b>I</b> Adv., [[with]] a [[single]] [[word]] of a [[proposition]] (in [[early]] Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not [[less]] [[than]], etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. [[with]] DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, [[twice]] in the [[same]] S. C.; and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT, Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So [[too]]: DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc., Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus [[inter]] Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores ([[verres]]) [[quam]] semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the [[time]] of [[Plautus]] the [[usage]] [[was]] [[unsettled]], non and ne [[being]] used [[indifferently]] for [[simple]] [[negation]]; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—<br /> <b>2</b> To this is [[allied]] the adverbial [[use]] of ne in all periods of the [[language]].<br /> <b>a</b> Ne ... [[quidem]], applies the [[negation]] [[with]] [[emphasis]] to the [[word]] [[between]] [[them]], not [[even]]: ne sues [[quidem]] id velint, non [[modo]] [[ipse]], Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92: ne in oppidis [[quidem]] ... ne in fanis [[quidem]], id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2: [[Philippus]] non [[item]]: [[itaque]] ne nos [[quidem]], id. Att. 14, 12, 2: nulla ne minima [[quidem]] [[aura]] [[fluctus]] commovente, id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16: non potest dici [[satis]], ne cogitari [[quidem]], [[quantum]], etc., id. Mil. 29, 78: [[vita]] beata, [[quam]] ne in deo [[quidem]] esse censes, [[nisi]], etc., id. N. D. 1, 24, 67: ut in [[foro]] et in judicio ... ne non timere [[quidem]] [[sine]] [[aliquo]] timore possimus, id. Mil. 1, 2: ne tondere [[quidem]] Vellera possunt, Verg. G. 3, 561; so [[after]] a [[negative]], repeating it [[with]] [[emphasis]]: non [[enim]] praetereundum est ne id [[quidem]], Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155: nulla [[species]] ne excogitari [[quidem]] potest ornatior, id. de Or. 3, 45, 179: non praetermittam ne illud [[quidem]], id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: [[Caesar]] negat se ne Graeca [[quidem]] meliora legisse, id. ib. 2, 16, 5: [[numquam]] illum ne minima [[quidem]] re offendi, id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; [[but]] [[when]] ne ... [[quidem]] precedes, the [[negative]] of the [[principal]] [[verb]] is omitted: [[sine]] quā ne intellegi [[quidem]] ulla [[virtus]] potest, Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31: [[neque]] [[enim]] ipsius [[quidem]] regis abhorrebat [[animus]], Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne [[quidem]] ([[with]] no [[intervening]] [[word]]), not [[even]] ([[late]] Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—<br /> <b>b</b> In [[composition]], to [[make]] an [[absolute]] [[negation]] of the [[principal]] [[idea]]. So in [[neque]] and [[nequiquam]]; also in [[nescio]] and [[nevolo]]; and in [[nefas]], [[nefandus]], [[nepus]] (for non [[purus]]), [[nequeo]], [[neuter]], [[neutiquam]]; in [[nemo]], [[nego]], [[nihil]], [[nullus]], [[numquam]], and [[nusquam]]; and, [[lastly]], [[with]] a paragogic c [[before]] o: [[necopinans]] and [[neglego]]; [[negotium]] (i. e. nec-[[lego]]; nec-[[otium]]). —<br /> <b>B</b> With a [[proposition]] (in all periods of the [[language]], and [[exclusively]]),<br /> <b>1</b> In [[imperative]] sentences, to [[signify]] [[that]] [[something]] [[must]] not be done.<br /> <b>(a)</b> With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, [[let]] him not be [[raised]], Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, [[let]] him not [[spread]], he [[need]] not [[spread]], ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25): VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO, Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf. [[art]]. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: [[satis]] [[credo]], Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5: ah, ne saevi [[tantopere]], Ter. And. 5, 2, 27: [[impius]] ne audeto placare donis iram deorum, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22: ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella, Verg. A. 6, 832.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With subj.: ne me moveatis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1: si certum est facere, facias: [[verum]] ne [[post]] conferas Culpam in me, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96: si [[denique]] [[veritas]] extorquebit, ne repugnetis, Cic. Clu. 2, 6: ne pudori Sit [[tibi]] [[Musa]] lyrae [[sollers]], Hor. A. P. 406.—<br /> <b>2</b> In wishes and asseverations: ne id [[Juppiter]] Opt. Max. sineret, etc., [[might]] Jupiter [[forbid]] it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.: ne [[istuc]] [[Juppiter]] Opt. Max. sirit, etc., id. 28, 28.—With [[utinam]]: [[utinam]] ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram [[trabes]], would [[that]] not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): [[utinam]] ne [[umquam]], Mede [[Colchis]] [[cupido]] corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.): illud [[utinam]] ne [[vere]] scriberem! Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. [[utinam]].—With si: ne vivam, si [[scio]], [[may]] I not [[live]], [[may]] I [[die]], if I [[know]], Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8: sed ne vivam, si [[tibi]] [[concedo]], id. Fam. 7, 23, 19: ne sim [[salvus]], si [[aliter]] [[scribo]] ac [[sentio]], id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—<br /> <b>3</b> In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as [[softened]] commands; cf. II. init.).<br /> <b>(a)</b> In concessions, [[nemo]] is, [[inquies]], [[umquam]] fuit. Ne fuerit: ego [[enim]], etc., [[there]] [[may]] not [[have]] been; [[suppose]] [[there]] [[was]] not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.: pugnes [[omnino]], sed cum adversario facili. Ne [[sit]] [[sane]]: videri [[certe]] potest, id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102: ne [[sit]] [[sane]] summum [[malum]] [[dolor]]: [[malum]] [[certe]] est, id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14: ne sint in senectute [[vires]]: ne postulantur [[quidem]] [[vires]] a senectute, id. Sen. 11, 34: ne [[sit]] [[igitur]] sol, ne [[luna]], ne stellae, [[quoniam]] [[nihil]] esse potest, [[nisi]] [[quod]] attigimus aut vidimus, id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7: nec [[porro]] [[malum]], quo aut [[oppressus]] jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes? [[though]] [[you]] be not crushed; [[supposing]] [[you]] are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> In restrictive clauses: sint [[sane]] liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne [[illi]] sanguinem [[nostrum]] largiantur, etc., [[only]] [[let]] [[them]] not; if [[they]] [[only]] [[will]] not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, [[dummodo]] ne, [[modo]] ne, and dum [[quidem]] ne; v. dum and [[modo]]: me [[vero]] [[nihil]] istorum ne juvenem [[quidem]] movit [[umquam]]: ne [[nunc]] senem, [[much]] [[less]] [[now]] I am old = [[nedum]], Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.: vix [[incedo]] [[inanis]], ne [[ire]] posse cum onere existumes, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: [[scuta]] si homines inviti dant, [[etsi]] ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis [[sine]] maximo dolore [[argentum]] caelatum [[domo]] protulisse, [[much]] [[less]] can [[you]] [[suppose]], etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—<br /> <b>4</b> In clauses [[which]] [[denote]] a [[purpose]] or [[result]].<br /> <b>a</b> Ut ne, [[that]] not, [[lest]], so [[that]] not ([[very]] [[rare]] [[after]] the August. [[period]]; in Livy [[only]] in a [[few]] [[doubtful]] passages; in Cæsar, [[Seneca]], and [[Tacitus]] not at all; v. under II.): quos ego [[ope]] meā Pro incertis certos ... Dimitto, ut ne res [[temere]] tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare [[usque]], ut ne [[quid]] possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12: haec mihi [[nunc]] [[cura]] est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet, Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19: ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne [[impune]] nos illuseris, id. Eun. 5, 4, 19: excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne [[quid]] [[inconsiderate]] negligenterque [[agamus]], Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103: [[equidem]] [[soleo]] [[dare]] operam, ut de suā [[quisque]] re me [[ipse]] doceat, et, ut ne [[quis]] [[alius]] assit, quo, etc., id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—<br /> <b>b</b> Ut ... ne separated: [[quam]] plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut [[prorsus]] ne [[quid]] ignorem, Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3: ut causae communi salutique ne deessent, id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140: lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret, id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17: vos orant [[atque]] obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—<br /> <b>c</b> Qui ne, quo ne, and [[quomodo]] ne ([[ante]]- and [[post]]-[[class]]. for ut ne): ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur, Ter. And. 2, 1, 35: moxque ad aram, quo ne [[hostis]] dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit, Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, [[quomodo]] ne tributa conferatis, Gr. ὡς μή, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.<br /><b>II</b> In the [[several]] uses of the adv. ne, described [[above]], the [[transition]] to its [[use]] to [[connect]] clauses is [[clearly]] [[seen]] (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In [[intentional]] clauses, and [[after]] verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a [[conjunction]].<br /> <b>A</b> In [[intentional]] clauses for ut ne, [[that]] not, [[lest]]: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: [[ilico]] [[isti]]! Ne [[contagio]] mea bonis umbrave obsit, [[approach]] me not; [[let]] not my [[presence]] [[harm]] [[you]], i. e. [[lest]] my [[presence]] should [[harm]] [[you]], Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.): [[omitto]] innumerabiles viros, quorum [[singuli]] saluti huic civitati fuerunt ... ne [[quis]] se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur, Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9: Caesarem [[complexus]] obsecrare coepit, ne [[quid]] gravius in fratrem statueret, Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. [[after]] verbs expressing [[forethought]], [[care]], etc.: vide sis, ne [[quid]] [[imprudens]] ruas, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128: considera, ne in alienissimum [[tempus]] cadat [[adventus]] [[tuus]], Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4: [[Cocceius]], vide, ne frustretur, Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—<br /> <b>B</b> After verbs signifying to [[fear]], [[frighten]], etc. (esp. [[metuo]], [[timeo]], [[vereor]], [[horreo]], [[paveo]], [[terreo]], [[conterreo]]; also, [[timor]] est, [[metus]] est, [[spes]] est, [[periculum]] est), to [[express]] the [[wish]] [[that]] [[something]] [[may]] not [[take]] [[place]]; represented in English by [[that]] ([[because]] in English the [[particle]] depends on the [[idea]] of fearing, not of wishing): [[metuo]] et [[timeo]], ne hoc [[tandem]] [[propalam]] [[flat]], [[that]] it [[will]] be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38: [[timeo]] ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia, id. Truc. 4, 2, 61: [[vereor]] ne [[quid]] Andria apportet mali, Ter. And. 1, 1, 46: metuebat ne indicarent, Cic. Mil. 21, 57: [[mater]] cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat, id. Mur. 41, 88: hic ne [[quid]] mihi prorogetur, [[horreo]], id. Att. 5, 21, 3: id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu [[autem]] ut ducas, Ter. And. 2, 2, 12: esse [[metus]] coepit, ne, etc., Ov. M. 7, 715: terruit gentīs, [[grave]] ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae, Hor. C. 1, 2, 5: non periclumst, nequid recte monstres, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55: [[pavor]] ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset [[vulnus]], Liv. 24, 42—<br /> <b>b</b> When the [[dependent]] [[clause]] is [[negative]], [[with]] non or [[nihil]], [[that]] not: [[vereor]] ne exercitum firmum habere non possit, Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2: unum [[vereor]] ne [[senatus]] Pompeium nolit dimittere, id. ib. 5, 18, 1: [[timeo]] ne non impetrem, id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—<br /> <b>c</b> With the [[negative]] [[before]] the [[verb]]: non [[vereor]], ne [[quid]] [[temere]] facias, Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4: timere non [[debeo]], ne non [[iste]] illā cruce [[dignus]] judicetur, id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—<br /> <b>C</b> After verbs signifying to [[avoid]], [[warn]], [[hinder]], [[forbid]], [[refuse]] ([[caveo]], [[impedio]], [[resisto]], [[interdico]], [[refuto]], [[rarely]] [[veto]]), [[instead]] of the [[simple]] [[object]], [[that]] not, [[lest]]: qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5: cavete, judices, ne nova [[proscriptio]] instaurata esse videatur, Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4; v. [[caveo]]: [[casus]] [[quidam]] ne facerem impedivit, Cic. Fat. 1, 1: [[unus]] ne caperetur [[urbs]] [[causa]] fuit, Liv. 34, 39. ><br /><b>nē</b>: interj. ([[incorrectly]] written nae), = ναί, νή,<br /><b>I</b> [[truly]], [[verily]], [[really]], [[indeed]] ([[only]] joined [[with]] pers. pron. ego, tu, and [[with]] the demonstratives [[ille]], [[iste]], hic, and [[their]] advv.; in [[class]], [[prose]] [[usually]] [[with]] a conditional [[clause]]).<br /><b>I</b> In gen.: ne ego [[homo]] [[infelix]] fui, Qui non [[alas]] intervelli, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.: ne ego [[haud]] [[paulo]] hunc animum malim [[quam]], etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99: ne ego, [[inquam]], si ita est, velim [[tibi]] eum placere [[quam]] [[maxime]], id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne [[ille]], Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6: ne [[iste]], Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—<br /><b>II</b> Connected [[with]] [[other]] [[affirmative]] particles, as [[hercle]], [[edepol]], [[mecastor]], [[medius]] fidius: ne tu [[hercle]], Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne [[ille]] [[hercle]], id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76: [[edepol]] ne ego, id. Men. 5, 5, 10: [[edepol]] ne tu, id. ib. 1, 2, 50: ne ista [[edepol]], id. Am. 2, 2, 213: ne [[istuc]] [[mecastor]], id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl): ne [[ille]], [[medius]] fidius, Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.: [[medius]] fidius ne tu, id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely [[with]] a pron. poss.: [[edepol]] ne meam operam, etc., Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in [[which]] ne stands in classic [[prose]] [[without]] a pronoun are [[probably]] [[corrupt]]; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)> | |lshtext=<b>-nĕ</b>: (also apocopated n' and [[only]] n),<br /><b>I</b> interrog. and enclit. [[part]]. [weakened from nē]. It [[simply]] inquires, [[without]] implying [[either]] [[that]] a [[negative]] or an [[affirmative]] [[reply]] is [[expected]] (cf. num, [[nonne]]), and emphasizes the [[word]] to [[which]] it is joined; [[which]] is [[always]], in classic Latin, the [[first]] [[word]] of the [[clause]] ([[ante]]- [[class]]. [[after]] [[other]] words: [[sine]] [[dote]] uxoremne? Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In [[direct]] questions it is translated by giving an [[interrogative]] form to the [[sentence]]; in [[indirect]] interrogations by [[whether]].<br /> <b>(a)</b> In [[direct]] interrogations, [[with]] indic.: meministine me in senatu dicere? etc., Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7: potestne rerum major esse [[dissensio]]? id. Fin. 3, 13, 44: [[tune]] id [[veritus]] es? id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1: jamne vides, [[belua]], jamne [[sentis]]? etc., id. Pis. 1, 1: [[quid]], si [[etiam]] falsum illud [[omnino]] est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes? id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44: quiane [[auxilio]] juvat [[ante]] levatos? Verg. A. 4, 538: [[tun]]']] te audes Sosiam esse dicere? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217: valuistin? id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s: satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: [[quam]] [[aeque]] diligam? Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11: pergin [[autem]]? id. ib. 1, 3, 41: vin commutemus? id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> Esp. [[with]] rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do [[you]] [[mean]] the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne [[vobis]] placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be [[that]] [[what]] pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65; so [[quin]] for quine, id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So [[with]] ut and si: utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri? Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19: [[sin]], saluti [[quod]] [[tibi]] esse [[censeo]], id. [[consuadeo]], id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—<br /> <b>(g)</b> In [[indirect]] interrogations, [[with]] subj., [[whether]]: ut videamus, satisne ista [[sit]] justa [[defectio]], Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43: [[Publilius]] iturusne [[sit]] in Africam et [[quando]], ex Aledio scire poteris, id. Att. 12, 24, 1: videto vasa, multane sient, [[Cato]], R. R. 1: quem imitari possimusne, [[ipse]] [[liber]] erit indicio, Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—<br /> <b>(d)</b> Sometimes affixed to an [[interrogative]] pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2: quone [[malo]] mentem concussa? Timore deorum, Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.: uterne Ad [[casus]] dubios fidet sibi certius? id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and: [[illa]] rogare: Quantane? id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—（ε) -ne is [[sometimes]] used for [[nonne]], [[where]] an [[affirmative]] [[reply]] is [[expected]]: misine ego ad te epistulam? Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15: rectene [[interpretor]] sententiam tuam, Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—（ζ) Rarely = num: potestne [[virtus]] servire? Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226: potesne dicere? id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—<br /> <b>b</b> With an, [[annon]], or [[anne]], in the [[second]] [[interrogation]], v. an.—With [[necne]], v. [[neque]].—Sometimes pleonastic [[with]] [[utrum]], followed by an ([[mostly]] anteclass.): est [[etiam]] [[illa]] [[distinctio]], [[utrum]] illudne non videatur [[aegre]] ferendum ... an, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59: sed [[utrum]] strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, [[nescio]], Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the [[second]] [[interrogation]], ne for an ([[mostly]] [[poet]].): [[Smyrna]] [[quid]] et [[Colophon]]? Majora minorane [[fama]]? Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3: ut in [[incerto]] fuerit, vicissent victine essent, Liv. 5, 28, 5: cum interrogaretur, [[utrum]] pluris patrem matremne faceret, Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.<br /><b>nē</b>: (old forms nei and ni;<br /><b>I</b><br /> v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the [[primitive]] Latin [[negative]] [[particle]], no, not; [[whereas]] the [[negative]] [[particle]] non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal [[origin]]; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), [[whence]] naht (Engl. not) is [[derived]]; Sanscr. na, not.<br /><b>I</b> Adv., [[with]] a [[single]] [[word]] of a [[proposition]] (in [[early]] Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not [[less]] [[than]], etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. [[with]] DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, [[twice]] in the [[same]] S. C.; and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT, Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So [[too]]: DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc., Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus [[inter]] Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores ([[verres]]) [[quam]] semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the [[time]] of [[Plautus]] the [[usage]] [[was]] [[unsettled]], non and ne [[being]] used [[indifferently]] for [[simple]] [[negation]]; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—<br /> <b>2</b> To this is [[allied]] the adverbial [[use]] of ne in all periods of the [[language]].<br /> <b>a</b> Ne ... [[quidem]], applies the [[negation]] [[with]] [[emphasis]] to the [[word]] [[between]] [[them]], not [[even]]: ne sues [[quidem]] id velint, non [[modo]] [[ipse]], Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92: ne in oppidis [[quidem]] ... ne in fanis [[quidem]], id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2: [[Philippus]] non [[item]]: [[itaque]] ne nos [[quidem]], id. Att. 14, 12, 2: nulla ne minima [[quidem]] [[aura]] [[fluctus]] commovente, id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16: non potest dici [[satis]], ne cogitari [[quidem]], [[quantum]], etc., id. Mil. 29, 78: [[vita]] beata, [[quam]] ne in deo [[quidem]] esse censes, [[nisi]], etc., id. N. D. 1, 24, 67: ut in [[foro]] et in judicio ... ne non timere [[quidem]] [[sine]] [[aliquo]] timore possimus, id. Mil. 1, 2: ne tondere [[quidem]] Vellera possunt, Verg. G. 3, 561; so [[after]] a [[negative]], repeating it [[with]] [[emphasis]]: non [[enim]] praetereundum est ne id [[quidem]], Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155: nulla [[species]] ne excogitari [[quidem]] potest ornatior, id. de Or. 3, 45, 179: non praetermittam ne illud [[quidem]], id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: [[Caesar]] negat se ne Graeca [[quidem]] meliora legisse, id. ib. 2, 16, 5: [[numquam]] illum ne minima [[quidem]] re offendi, id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; [[but]] [[when]] ne ... [[quidem]] precedes, the [[negative]] of the [[principal]] [[verb]] is omitted: [[sine]] quā ne intellegi [[quidem]] ulla [[virtus]] potest, Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31: [[neque]] [[enim]] ipsius [[quidem]] regis abhorrebat [[animus]], Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne [[quidem]] ([[with]] no [[intervening]] [[word]]), not [[even]] ([[late]] Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—<br /> <b>b</b> In [[composition]], to [[make]] an [[absolute]] [[negation]] of the [[principal]] [[idea]]. So in [[neque]] and [[nequiquam]]; also in [[nescio]] and [[nevolo]]; and in [[nefas]], [[nefandus]], [[nepus]] (for non [[purus]]), [[nequeo]], [[neuter]], [[neutiquam]]; in [[nemo]], [[nego]], [[nihil]], [[nullus]], [[numquam]], and [[nusquam]]; and, [[lastly]], [[with]] a paragogic c [[before]] o: [[necopinans]] and [[neglego]]; [[negotium]] (i. e. nec-[[lego]]; nec-[[otium]]). —<br /> <b>B</b> With a [[proposition]] (in all periods of the [[language]], and [[exclusively]]),<br /> <b>1</b> In [[imperative]] sentences, to [[signify]] [[that]] [[something]] [[must]] not be done.<br /> <b>(a)</b> With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, [[let]] him not be [[raised]], Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, [[let]] him not [[spread]], he [[need]] not [[spread]], ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25): VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO, Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf. [[art]]. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: [[satis]] [[credo]], Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5: ah, ne saevi [[tantopere]], Ter. And. 5, 2, 27: [[impius]] ne audeto placare donis iram deorum, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22: ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella, Verg. A. 6, 832.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> With subj.: ne me moveatis, Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1: si certum est facere, facias: [[verum]] ne [[post]] conferas Culpam in me, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96: si [[denique]] [[veritas]] extorquebit, ne repugnetis, Cic. Clu. 2, 6: ne pudori Sit [[tibi]] [[Musa]] lyrae [[sollers]], Hor. A. P. 406.—<br /> <b>2</b> In wishes and asseverations: ne id [[Juppiter]] Opt. Max. sineret, etc., [[might]] Jupiter [[forbid]] it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.: ne [[istuc]] [[Juppiter]] Opt. Max. sirit, etc., id. 28, 28.—With [[utinam]]: [[utinam]] ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram [[trabes]], would [[that]] not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): [[utinam]] ne [[umquam]], Mede [[Colchis]] [[cupido]] corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.): illud [[utinam]] ne [[vere]] scriberem! Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. [[utinam]].—With si: ne vivam, si [[scio]], [[may]] I not [[live]], [[may]] I [[die]], if I [[know]], Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8: sed ne vivam, si [[tibi]] [[concedo]], id. Fam. 7, 23, 19: ne sim [[salvus]], si [[aliter]] [[scribo]] ac [[sentio]], id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—<br /> <b>3</b> In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as [[softened]] commands; cf. II. init.).<br /> <b>(a)</b> In concessions, [[nemo]] is, [[inquies]], [[umquam]] fuit. Ne fuerit: ego [[enim]], etc., [[there]] [[may]] not [[have]] been; [[suppose]] [[there]] [[was]] not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.: pugnes [[omnino]], sed cum adversario facili. Ne [[sit]] [[sane]]: videri [[certe]] potest, id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102: ne [[sit]] [[sane]] summum [[malum]] [[dolor]]: [[malum]] [[certe]] est, id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14: ne sint in senectute [[vires]]: ne postulantur [[quidem]] [[vires]] a senectute, id. Sen. 11, 34: ne [[sit]] [[igitur]] sol, ne [[luna]], ne stellae, [[quoniam]] [[nihil]] esse potest, [[nisi]] [[quod]] attigimus aut vidimus, id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7: nec [[porro]] [[malum]], quo aut [[oppressus]] jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes? [[though]] [[you]] be not crushed; [[supposing]] [[you]] are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—<br /> <b>(b)</b> In restrictive clauses: sint [[sane]] liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne [[illi]] sanguinem [[nostrum]] largiantur, etc., [[only]] [[let]] [[them]] not; if [[they]] [[only]] [[will]] not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, [[dummodo]] ne, [[modo]] ne, and dum [[quidem]] ne; v. dum and [[modo]]: me [[vero]] [[nihil]] istorum ne juvenem [[quidem]] movit [[umquam]]: ne [[nunc]] senem, [[much]] [[less]] [[now]] I am old = [[nedum]], Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.: vix [[incedo]] [[inanis]], ne [[ire]] posse cum onere existumes, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: [[scuta]] si homines inviti dant, [[etsi]] ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis [[sine]] maximo dolore [[argentum]] caelatum [[domo]] protulisse, [[much]] [[less]] can [[you]] [[suppose]], etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—<br /> <b>4</b> In clauses [[which]] [[denote]] a [[purpose]] or [[result]].<br /> <b>a</b> Ut ne, [[that]] not, [[lest]], so [[that]] not ([[very]] [[rare]] [[after]] the August. [[period]]; in Livy [[only]] in a [[few]] [[doubtful]] passages; in Cæsar, [[Seneca]], and [[Tacitus]] not at all; v. under II.): quos ego [[ope]] meā Pro incertis certos ... Dimitto, ut ne res [[temere]] tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare [[usque]], ut ne [[quid]] possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12: haec mihi [[nunc]] [[cura]] est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet, Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19: ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne [[impune]] nos illuseris, id. Eun. 5, 4, 19: excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne [[quid]] [[inconsiderate]] negligenterque [[agamus]], Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103: [[equidem]] [[soleo]] [[dare]] operam, ut de suā [[quisque]] re me [[ipse]] doceat, et, ut ne [[quis]] [[alius]] assit, quo, etc., id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—<br /> <b>b</b> Ut ... ne separated: [[quam]] plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut [[prorsus]] ne [[quid]] ignorem, Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3: ut causae communi salutique ne deessent, id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140: lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret, id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17: vos orant [[atque]] obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—<br /> <b>c</b> Qui ne, quo ne, and [[quomodo]] ne ([[ante]]- and [[post]]-[[class]]. for ut ne): ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur, Ter. And. 2, 1, 35: moxque ad aram, quo ne [[hostis]] dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit, Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, [[quomodo]] ne tributa conferatis, Gr. ὡς μή, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.<br /><b>II</b> In the [[several]] uses of the adv. ne, described [[above]], the [[transition]] to its [[use]] to [[connect]] clauses is [[clearly]] [[seen]] (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In [[intentional]] clauses, and [[after]] verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a [[conjunction]].<br /> <b>A</b> In [[intentional]] clauses for ut ne, [[that]] not, [[lest]]: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: [[ilico]] [[isti]]! Ne [[contagio]] mea bonis umbrave obsit, [[approach]] me not; [[let]] not my [[presence]] [[harm]] [[you]], i. e. [[lest]] my [[presence]] should [[harm]] [[you]], Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.): [[omitto]] innumerabiles viros, quorum [[singuli]] saluti huic civitati fuerunt ... ne [[quis]] se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur, Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9: Caesarem [[complexus]] obsecrare coepit, ne [[quid]] gravius in fratrem statueret, Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. [[after]] verbs expressing [[forethought]], [[care]], etc.: vide sis, ne [[quid]] [[imprudens]] ruas, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128: considera, ne in alienissimum [[tempus]] cadat [[adventus]] [[tuus]], Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4: [[Cocceius]], vide, ne frustretur, Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—<br /> <b>B</b> After verbs signifying to [[fear]], [[frighten]], etc. (esp. [[metuo]], [[timeo]], [[vereor]], [[horreo]], [[paveo]], [[terreo]], [[conterreo]]; also, [[timor]] est, [[metus]] est, [[spes]] est, [[periculum]] est), to [[express]] the [[wish]] [[that]] [[something]] [[may]] not [[take]] [[place]]; represented in English by [[that]] ([[because]] in English the [[particle]] depends on the [[idea]] of fearing, not of wishing): [[metuo]] et [[timeo]], ne hoc [[tandem]] [[propalam]] [[flat]], [[that]] it [[will]] be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38: [[timeo]] ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia, id. Truc. 4, 2, 61: [[vereor]] ne [[quid]] Andria apportet mali, Ter. And. 1, 1, 46: metuebat ne indicarent, Cic. Mil. 21, 57: [[mater]] cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat, id. Mur. 41, 88: hic ne [[quid]] mihi prorogetur, [[horreo]], id. Att. 5, 21, 3: id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu [[autem]] ut ducas, Ter. And. 2, 2, 12: esse [[metus]] coepit, ne, etc., Ov. M. 7, 715: terruit gentīs, [[grave]] ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae, Hor. C. 1, 2, 5: non periclumst, nequid recte monstres, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55: [[pavor]] ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset [[vulnus]], Liv. 24, 42—<br /> <b>b</b> When the [[dependent]] [[clause]] is [[negative]], [[with]] non or [[nihil]], [[that]] not: [[vereor]] ne exercitum firmum habere non possit, Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2: unum [[vereor]] ne [[senatus]] Pompeium nolit dimittere, id. ib. 5, 18, 1: [[timeo]] ne non impetrem, id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—<br /> <b>c</b> With the [[negative]] [[before]] the [[verb]]: non [[vereor]], ne [[quid]] [[temere]] facias, Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4: timere non [[debeo]], ne non [[iste]] illā cruce [[dignus]] judicetur, id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—<br /> <b>C</b> After verbs signifying to [[avoid]], [[warn]], [[hinder]], [[forbid]], [[refuse]] ([[caveo]], [[impedio]], [[resisto]], [[interdico]], [[refuto]], [[rarely]] [[veto]]), [[instead]] of the [[simple]] [[object]], [[that]] not, [[lest]]: qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5: cavete, judices, ne nova [[proscriptio]] instaurata esse videatur, Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4; v. [[caveo]]: [[casus]] [[quidam]] ne facerem impedivit, Cic. Fat. 1, 1: [[unus]] ne caperetur [[urbs]] [[causa]] fuit, Liv. 34, 39. ><br /><b>nē</b>: interj. ([[incorrectly]] written nae), = ναί, νή,<br /><b>I</b> [[truly]], [[verily]], [[really]], [[indeed]] ([[only]] joined [[with]] pers. pron. ego, tu, and [[with]] the demonstratives [[ille]], [[iste]], hic, and [[their]] advv.; in [[class]], [[prose]] [[usually]] [[with]] a conditional [[clause]]).<br /><b>I</b> In gen.: ne ego [[homo]] [[infelix]] fui, Qui non [[alas]] intervelli, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.: ne ego [[haud]] [[paulo]] hunc animum malim [[quam]], etc., Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99: ne ego, [[inquam]], si ita est, velim [[tibi]] eum placere [[quam]] [[maxime]], id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne [[ille]], Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6: ne [[iste]], Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—<br /><b>II</b> Connected [[with]] [[other]] [[affirmative]] particles, as [[hercle]], [[edepol]], [[mecastor]], [[medius]] fidius: ne tu [[hercle]], Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne [[ille]] [[hercle]], id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76: [[edepol]] ne ego, id. Men. 5, 5, 10: [[edepol]] ne tu, id. ib. 1, 2, 50: ne ista [[edepol]], id. Am. 2, 2, 213: ne [[istuc]] [[mecastor]], id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl): ne [[ille]], [[medius]] fidius, Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.: [[medius]] fidius ne tu, id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely [[with]] a pron. poss.: [[edepol]] ne meam operam, etc., Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in [[which]] ne stands in classic [[prose]] [[without]] a pronoun are [[probably]] [[corrupt]]; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)> | ||
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{{Gaffiot | |||
|gf=(1) <b>nē</b>¹⁰ ([[non]] pas næ ), adverbe d’affirmation, grec νή : assurément : egone ? — tu ne Pl. Capt. 857, moi ? — oui, toi, cf. Pl. Epid. 575 ; St. 635 ; Trin. 634 || [[edepol]] ne [[hic]] [[dies]] advorsus mi optigit Pl. Men. 899, par [[Pollux]], certes, voilà une journée qui a bien mal tourné pour moi || dans Cic. en tête de la [[propos]]. et joint à un pronom personnel ou démonstratif : ne [[ego]], ne tu, ne [[ille]], ne ista, etc. : Cic. Tusc. 1, 99 ; 3, 8 ; Br. 249 ; 251 ; Phil. 2, 3 ; Cat. 2, 6 || joint à [[medius]] fidius : Cic. Tusc. 1, 74 ; Att. 4, 4 a, 2.<br />(2) <b>nĕ</b>, adv. de nég. arch. = [[non]] ; [[nevis]] = [[non]] [[vis]] Pl. Trin. 1156 ; nevolt = [[non]] [[volt]] Pl. Most. 110 || a servi à faire de nombreux composés, p. ex. : [[neque]], [[nefas]], [[nescio]], [[nequeo]], [[neuter]], [[nihil]], [[nullus]], [[numquam]], [[nemo]], etc., v. ces mots.<br />(3) <b>nē</b>,³ adv. et conj. de négation.<br /> <b>I</b> adv., ne... pas,<br /><b>1</b> ne... [[quidem]], pas même ou [[non]] [[plus]] : ne sues [[quidem]] Cic. Tusc. 1, 92, pas même les porcs ; ne in oppidis [[quidem]] Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 2, pas même dans les villes ; ne cum in [[Sicilia]] [[quidem]] fuit ([[bellum]]) Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 6, pas même quand (la guerre) fut en Sicile ; ne [[vos]] [[quidem]] Cic. CM 33, vous [[non]] [[plus]] ; [dans les conclusions] : carere sentientis [[est]] ; [[nec]] [[sensus]] in mortuo ; ne carere [[quidem]] [[igitur]] in mortuo [[est]] Cic. Tusc. 1, 88, « manquer » suppose un sujet sentant ; un mort n’[[est]] pas susceptible de sentir : donc il n’[[est]] pas [[non]] [[plus]] susceptible de manquer, cf. Cic. Fin. 4, 55 ; Tusc. 1, 11 ; 1, 82 ; Nat. 3, 43 || [une négation et ne... [[quidem]] venant ensuite, ne se détruisent pas] : [[non]] prætereundum [[est]] ne id [[quidem]] Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 155, il ne faut pas laisser de côté ce fait-là [[non]] [[plus]] ; [[numquam]] illum ne minima [[quidem]] re offendi Cic. Læl. 103, jamais je ne l’ai blessé même dans la moindre chose || [ne... [[quidem]] étant le premier, il n’y a pas répétition d’un mot négatif] : [[sine]] [[qua]] ne intellegi [[quidem]] ulla [[virtus]] potest Cic. Tusc. 2, 31, sans laquelle on ne saurait même concevoir aucune vertu || v. à [[modo]] un emploi partic. avec [[non]] [[modo]]<br /><b>2</b> [arch.] ne... [[quoque]] = ne... [[quidem]] Quadr. Ann. 17 d. Gell. 17, 2, 18 ; Liv. 10, 14, 13 ; Gell. 1, 2, 5 ; 20, 1, 15<br /><b>3</b> [ne forme des composés] ex. : [[nequaquam]], en aucune manière ; [[nequiquam]], en vain ; cf. nĕ 2<br /><b>4</b> dans les prop. indép. exprimant : <b> a)</b> une défense ; [avec impér. d. les textes de lois] [[impius]] ne audeto Cic. Leg. 2, 22, que l’[[impie]] n’ait pas l’audace... ; ne sepelito [[neve]] urito Cic. Leg. 2, 58, qu’on n’ensevelisse ni ne brûle... ; [surtout chez les [[com]]. et les poètes] cf. Pl. Pers. 490 ; 677, etc. ; Ter. Andr. 868, etc. ; Virg. En. 6, 832 ; Liv. 3, 2, 9 ; Cic. Att. 12, 22, 3 ; Sulp. Ruf. d. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 5 || [avec le subj.] ne requiras Cic. CM 33, qu’on ne recherche pas ; ne repugnetis Cic. Clu. 6, ne résistez pas ; [[hoc]] ne feceris Cic. Div. 2, 127, ne fais pas cela || [ordre d. le passé] ne poposcisses Cic. Att. 2, 1, 3, tu n’aurais pas dû demander ; <b> b)</b> [exhortation] : ne [[agamus]]... Cic. Att. 9, 6, 7, ne faisons pas ; <b> c)</b> [une supposition, une concession] : ne sint in senectute [[vires]] Cic. CM 34, admettons que la vieillesse n’ait pas la force ; ne fuerit Cic. Or. 101, admettons qu’il n’ait pas existé, cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 85 ; Tusc. 2, 15 ; Nat. 1, 88, etc. ; <b> d)</b> [un souhait] : ne [[istuc]] [[Juppiter]] sirit... Liv. 28, 28, 11, puisse Jupiter ne pas permettre ce que vous avez à la pensée..., cf. Liv. 4, 2, 8 ; [surtout avec [[utinam]], v. ce mot]<br /><b>5</b> dans des subord. introd. par ut ( Cic. Læl. 42 ; 43 ; Cæs. C. 3, 55, 1 ), par [[dum]], [[modo]], [[dummodo]] ; par qui 2 adv. relatif, par [[quo]] ; v. ces mots.<br /> <b>II</b> conj. avec le subj., que ne, pour que ne... pas :<br /><b>1</b> constr. de certains verbes signifiant <b> a)</b> craindre, v. [[metuo]], [[timeo]], [[vereor]], etc., et [[timor]] [[est]], [[metus]] [[est]], [[periculum]] [[est]], etc. ; <b> b)</b> défendre, empêcher, refuser de, éviter de, s’abstenir de, v. [[impedio]], [[prohibeo]], [[interdico]], [[caveo]], [[video]], etc. ; <b> c)</b> et en gén. avec les v. ou expressions marquant la volonté, l’intention, v. [[rogo]], [[impero]], [[volo]], [[moneo]], [[cogito]], [[reliquum]] [[est]], etc.<br /><b>2</b> [sens final] pour que ne... pas, pour éviter, empêcher que : ne dicam Cic. Dej. 2 ; Hor. P. 272, v. [[dico]] ; [[omitto]]..., ne [[quis]]... queratur Cic. Rep. 1, 1, je laisse de côté..., pour éviter que qqn ne se plaigne... || [ne se rattachant à une idée s.-ent.] (je [[dis]] ceci) pour éviter que : hæc [[quamquam]] præsente L. Lucullo [[loquor]], [[tamen]], ne... videamur..., publicis litteris testata sunt [[omnia]] Cic. Mur. 20, quoique je parle ainsi devant L. [[Lucullus]], cependant, pour éviter que je paraisse..., [j’ajoute que tout [[est]] attesté par des rapports officiels, cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52 ; 4, 148 ; Planc. 27 ; Fin. 2, 77 ; 4, 36 ; Tusc. 1, 41, etc. ; Pl. Amph. 330 ; Ter. Andr. 706 || [ellipse du verbe] : [fieri ou facere ] de evertendis urbibus considerandum [[est]] ne [[quid]] [[temere]] Cic. Off. 1, 82, à [[propos]] des destructions de villes, il faut prendre garde de [[rien]] faire à la légère, cf. Cic. Off. 3, 68 || [dicere ou loqui ] ne [[multa]] Cic. Clu. 181 ; ne multis Cic. Clu. 47, bref<br /><b>3</b> [[ita]]... ne, avec [[cette]] condition, [[cette]] stipulation que ne... pas, v. [[ita]] § 4 || ne seul, même sens : Liv. 25, 5, 11 ; 26, 2, 14 || qqf. sans verbe [cf. [[modo]] ne ] : noluit [[quicquam]] statui [[nisi]] columellam, [[tribus]] cubitis ne altiorem Cic. Leg. 2, 66, il ne voulut pas qu’on dressât [[rien]] d’autre qu’une colonnette, à condition qu’elle n’eût pas une hauteur dépassant trois coudées, cf. [[Varro]] R. 1, 17, 3<br /><b>4</b> tours elliptiques : <b> a)</b> = μή grec, il [[est]] à craindre que, il se pourrait que : Pl. Aul. 647 ; Ter. Haut. 361 ; Cic. Br. 295 ; Fin. 5, 8 ; <b> b)</b> = οὐ μή, il n’y a pas à craindre que : me [[vero]] [[nihil]] istorum ne juvenem [[quidem]] movit [[umquam]], ne [[nunc]] senem Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2, [ellipse de moveat ] aucun de ces plaisirs ne m’a jamais touché même en ma jeunesse, il n’y pas à craindre que (ce n’[[est]] pas pour que) cela me touche maintenant dans ma vieillesse, cf. Sall. C. 11, 8 ; Liv. 3, 25, 9 ; Tac. Ann. 11, 30.<br />(4) <b>nĕ</b>,⁵ enclit. interrog., [[est]]-ce que ? chez les comiques [[apocope]] de la voyelle : adeon ; vin (= visne) ; satin (= satisne) ; [[viden]] (= videsne) ; juben (= jubesne), etc.<br /> <b>I</b> [interr. simple],<br /><b>1</b> [[directe]] : meministine...? Cic. Cat. 1, 7, te souviens-tu... ? tune id [[veritus]] es ? Cic. Q. 1, 3, 1, [[est]]-ce toi qui as pu avoir [[cette]] crainte ? tamenne...? Cic. Nat. 1, 81, [[est]]-ce que pourtant...? ex hacne [[natura]]...? Cic. Tusc. 1, 62, [[est]]-ce de [[cette]] nature...? [[quiane]]...? Virg. En. 4, 538, serait-ce parce que...? quemne servavi ? Pl. Mil. 13, [[est]]-ce celui que j’ai sauvé...? || [interrog. oratoire qui suppose un acquiescement] videtisne ut [[apud]] Homerum sæpissime [[Nestor]] de virtutibus [[suis]] prædicet ? Cic. CM 31, ne voyez-vous pas comment dans Homère [[Nestor]] parle souvent et ouvertement de ses vertus ? jamne vides...? Cic. Pis. 1, ne vois-tu pas maintenant...? cf. Cic. Fin. 5, 48 ; Tusc. 2, 53 ; Fam. 9, 22, 3 || egone...? Cic. Att. 15, 4, 3, moi... ? [[itane]] [[vero]] ? Cic. Cæc. 34, en [[est]]-il ainsi ? [[est]]-ce possible ? || [joint à des interrog.] : quone [[malo]]...? Hor. S. 2, 3, 295, de quel mal...? [[uterne]]...? Hor. S. 2, 2, 107, lequel des deux...? cf. quantane...? Hor. S. 2, 3, 317 ; utrisne Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 191 ; ecquandone Cic. Fin. 5, 63 || [dans les prop. introd. par ut ] se peut-il que ? egone ut te interpellem ? Cic. Tusc. 2, 42, moi, t’interrompre ? utine [[prius]] dicat ? Pl. Rud. 1063, il parlerait le premier ? || [dans les prop. inf. exclam.] : Siculosne milites eo [[cibo]] [[esse]] usos...? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 99, des soldats siciliens avoir eu la nourriture...? neutrumne sensisse ? Cic. Amer. 64, que ni l’un ni l’autre n’ait [[rien]] perçu ?<br /><b>2</b> [interr. ind.] si : ut videamus, satisne sit [[justa]] [[defectio]] Cic. Ac. 1, 43, pour que nous voyions si votre défection [[est]] bien légitime ; [[Publilius]] iturusne sit in Africam, scire poteris Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1, tu pourras savoir si [[Publilius]] [[ira]] en Afrique || [ellipse du verbe principal] : [[pacta]] et promissa semperne servanda sint Cic. Off. 3, 92, c’[[est]] une question de savoir s’il faut toujours observer les conventions et les promesses.<br /> <b>II</b> [int. double]<br /><b>1</b> [[directe]] : tune... an [[ego]]...? Cic. Rab. perd. 11, toi... ou moi...? o stultitiamne dicam an impudentiam singularem ? Cic. Cæl. 71, ô singulière, faut-il [[dire]] sottise ou impudence ? me, jocansne an [[ita]] sentiens, cœpit hortari Cic. Ac. 2, 63, était-ce en plaisantant ou sérieusement ? il se mit à m’exhorter ; solusne [[aberam]] ? an [[non]] sæpe [[minus]] frequentes fuistis ? Cic. Phil. 1, 11, étais-je seul à manquer ? n’était-il pas arrivé souvent que vous étiez moins nombreux ? [[utrum]] [[igitur]] perspicuisne dubia aperiuntur an dubiis perspicua tolluntur ? Cic. Fin. 4, 67, [[est]]-ce donc que l’évidence éclaircit le douteux ou le douteux supprime-t-il l’évidence ? || p. [[anne]] v. an || ne... ne : Virg. En. 11, 126<br /><b>2</b> [interr. ind.] : <b> a)</b> ne... an..., si ou si... : possimne [[propius]] accedere, an [[etiam]] longius discedendum putes, [[velim]] ad me scribas Cic. Att. 16, 13 a, 3, je voudrais que tu m’écrives si je puis m’approcher davantage de Rome ou si tu crois que je doive m’éloigner encore [[plus]] ; <b> b)</b> [précédé de [[utrum]] ] : [[est]] [[etiam]] [[illa]] [[distinctio]], [[utrum]] illudne videatur... an... Cic. Tusc. 4, 59, il s’agit aussi de distinguer entre ces deux points, si [[cette]] chose paraît... ou si..., cf. Cic. Phil. 2, 30 ; Verr. 2, 4, 73 ; <b> c)</b> [dans le 2<sup>e</sup> membre] : [[anne]], ou [[non]], v. an ; [[necne]], ou [[non]] Cic. Com. 52 ; Nat. 1, 61 || [[recte]] secusne, [[alias]] viderimus Cic. Ac. 2, 135, nous verrons une autre fois si c’[[est]] à raison ou à tort || in [[incerto]] fuit, vicissent victine essent Liv. 5, 28, 5, on ne savait pas au [[juste]] s’ils étaient vainqueurs ou vaincus, cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3 ; Nep. Iph. 3, 4 ; <b> d)</b> [ne répété, [[rare]] : [[neque]] interesse, ipsosne interficiant impedimentisne exuant Cæs. G. 7, 14, 8 [ex. unique d. César], il n’y a pas de différence entre les massacrer eux-mêmes ou les dépouiller de leurs bagages, cf. Virg. En. 1, 308.<br />(5) <b>nē</b>, imp. de [[neo]]. | |||
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