princeps: Difference between revisions

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|lshtext=<b>princeps</b>: cĭpis, adj. and<br /><b>I</b> subst. comm. [[primus]]-[[capio]], [[first]] in [[time]] or [[order]] (syn. [[primus]]).—Lit., in gen.: ut [[quisque]] in fugā postremus, ita periculo [[princeps]] erat, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 90: [[princeps]] in [[proelium]] ibat, [[ultimus]] conserto [[proelio]] excedebat, Liv. 21, 4: [[princeps]] [[Horatius]] ibat, [[first]], in [[front]], in [[advance]], id. 1, 26 Weissenb. ad loc.: [[princeps]] fuit ad [[conatum]] [[exercitus]] comparandi, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 24: [[Firmani]] principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt, were the [[first]] to [[promise]], id. ib. 7, 8, 23: [[princeps]] in agendo, id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 47; Caes. B. G. 7, 2: omnium nationum exterarum [[princeps]] [[Sicilia]] se ad amicitiam populi Romani applicuit, [[was]] the [[first]] [[that]] entered [[into]] [[friendship]] [[with]] the Roman [[people]], Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2: [[princeps]] et [[solus]] [[bellum]] his indixit, Nep. Thras. 1, 5: [[princeps]] in haec verba jurat, Caes. B. C. 1, 76: ut principes talem nuntium attulisse viderentur, to be the [[first]], id. ib. 1, 53: qui Formiarum [[moenia]] dicitur [[Princeps]] tenuisse, Hor. C. 3, 17, 7: matri Qui dederit [[princeps]] oscula, Ov. F. 2, 714: [[princeps]] turmas inducit Asilas, Verg. A. 11, 620: [[princeps]] [[ante]] omnes, [[first]] of all, id. ib. 5, 833.—Of things: [[quoniam]] [[exordium]] [[princeps]] omnium esse debet, Cic. Inv. 1, 7, 19: qualitatum aliae sunt principes, aliae ex lis ortae, [[original]], id. Ac. 1, 7, 26: [[mensis]] Romani anni, Col. 11, 2, 3: addere principi Limo particulam, Hor. C. 1, 16, 13: [[dies]] imperii [[princeps]], vitae supremus, Tac. A. 1, 9.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> The [[first]], [[chief]], the [[most]] [[eminent]], [[distinguished]], or [[noble]] (syn. primores): [[longe]] omnium [[gravitate]] [[princeps]] [[Plato]], Cic. Or. 19, 62: [[Eudoxus]] in astrologiā [[facile]] [[princeps]], id. Div. 2, 42, 87: quaedam principes feminae, [[certain]] [[noble]] ladies, Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 119: principe [[loco]] [[genitus]], id. 37, 2, 11, § 40.—Prov.: principibus placuisse viris non ultima [[laus]] est, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 35. —Rarely of things: [[gemma]] [[princeps]] Sardonychus, Juv. 13, 138.—<br /><b>II</b> As subst.: [[princeps]], cĭpis, m., the [[first]] [[man]], [[first]] [[person]]: [[princeps]] senatŭs, the [[first]] [[senator]] on the [[censor]]'s [[list]], the [[first]] [[member]] of the Senate, Liv. 34, 44.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Esp., the [[first]], [[chief]], [[principal]], [[most]] [[distinguished]] [[person]]: quales in re publicā principes essent, [[talis]] reliquos solere esse [[civis]], Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 12: juventutis, one of the noblest of the Roman knights, id. Vatin. 10, 24: [[trecenti]] conjuravimus principes juventutis Romanae, i. e. [[high]]-[[born]] or [[patrician]] youths, Liv. 2, 12, 15 (= [[proceres]] juventutis, id. 10, 28, 7); 42, 61, 5.—In the [[time]] of the emperors this [[was]] also a [[title]] of [[honor]] given to the [[prince]], the [[heir]] to the [[empire]], Tac. A. 1, 3: sacerdotum, the [[high]]-[[priest]], Vulg. Act. 4, 6. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> A [[chief]], [[head]], [[author]], [[originator]], [[leader]], [[contriver]], etc.: [[princeps]] [[atque]] [[architectus]] sceleris, Cic. Clu. 22, 60: [[Zeno]] eorum (Stoicorum) [[princeps]] non tam rerum [[inventor]] fuit, [[quam]] verborum novorum, id. Fin. 3, 2, 5: [[princeps]] Argonautarum, i. e. [[Jason]], id. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: principes consilii publici, i. e. [[senatus]], id. Sest. 45, 97: conjurationis, id. Cat. 1, 11, 27: eorum omnium hic dux est [[atque]] [[princeps]], id. Har. Resp. 26, 57: regendae civitatis dux et sententiae [[princeps]] in senatu, id. de Or. 3, 17, 63: (pueri) aequalium principes, [[first]] [[among]] [[their]] playfellows, id. Fin. 5, 22, 61: gregis, i. e. of players, Suet. Calig. 58: principes sententiarum consulares, [[who]] were [[first]] asked for [[their]] [[opinion]], Liv. 8, 21: hujus consilii principes, Caes. B. G. 2, 14: belli inferendi, [[first]] in commencing hostilities, id. ib. 5, 52: jam [[princeps]] equitum, at the [[head]] of, Juv. 4, 32.—Of ancestors: [[hinc]] [[Dardanus]] [[ortus]] Iasiusque [[pater]], [[genus]] a quo principe [[nostrum]], Verg. A. 3, 168 (cf., in this [[sense]], [[principium]], Sil. 15, 748; v. [[principium]], II. B. 2.).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> A [[chief]], [[superior]], [[director]] ([[ante]]- and [[post]]-[[class]].): principes, qui utrique rei praeponuntur, Varr. R. R. 1, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 32.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> A [[prince]], i. e. a [[ruler]], [[sovereign]], [[emperor]] ([[poet]]. and [[post]]-Aug.): hic [[ames]] dici [[pater]] [[atque]] [[princeps]], Hor. C. 1, 2, 50; Ov. P. 1, 2, 123; Tac. A. 1, 1: quae non faciet [[quod]] principis [[uxor]], Juv. 6, 617; 8, 224.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>F</b> In milit. lang.: princĭpes, um, m., the [[second]] [[line]] of soldiers, [[between]] the hastati and [[triarii]], Liv. 8, 8; 22, 5; 30, 8; 37, 39; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 89; Veg. Mil. 1, 20; 2, 15; cf. Ov. F. 3, 129; and Becker, Antiq. 3, 2, p. 249 sq.; p. 269 sq.—[[Princeps]] also signifies,<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[company]] or [[division]] of the principes: [[signum]] primi principis, of the [[first]] [[company]] of the principes, Liv. 26, 6, 1: octavum principem duxit, [[was]] [[centurion]] of the [[eighth]] maniple, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 8, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[centurion]] or [[captain]] of the principes: [[princeps]] [[prior]], the [[first]] [[captain]] of the principes, Caes. B. C. 3, 64 fin.: [[princeps]] tertiae legionis, Liv. 25, 14; cf. id. 42, 34.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[office]] of [[centurion]] of the principes, the centurionship or [[captaincy]] of the principes: mihi [[primus]] [[princeps]] prioris centuriae est adsignatus, the [[first]] [[captaincy]] of the principes, Liv. 42, 34, 8.—Comp.: omnium priorum principum principiorem, si dici fas est, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 1, 1.

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