τέ: Difference between revisions

|txtha=(as δέ comes from δή, μέν from μήν, so τέ from the adverb τῇ, properly, as; (others ally it with καί, cf. Curtius, §§ 27,647; Vanicek, p. 95; Fick Part i., 32; Donaldson, New Crat. § 195)), a copulative enclitic particle (on the use of which cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 833; Klotz ad Devar. II:2, pp. 739ff); in the N. T. it occurs most frequently in the Acts , then in the Epistle to the Hebrews , somewhat rarely in the other books (in Matt. three or four times, in Mark once, viz. R G; in John's Gospel three times; nowhere in the Epistles to the Galatians , Thessalonians, or Colossians , nor in the Epistles of John and Peter; twice in text. of Revelation , viz. que, differing from the particle καί in that the latter is conjunctive, τέ adjunctive (Winer s Grammar, § 53,2; according to Bäumlein (Griech. Partikeln, p. 145), καί introduces something new under the same aspect yet as an external addition, whereas τέ marks it as having an inner connection with what precedes; hence, καί is the more general particle, τέ the more special and precise; καί may often stand for τέ, but not τέ for καί. (Cf. Ebeling, Lex. Homer, under the word καί, at the beginning)).<br /><b class="num">1.</b> τέ, standing alone (i. e. not followed by another τέ, or by καί, or other particle), joins a. parts of one and the same sentence, as συναχθέντες συμβούλιον τέ λαβόντες, ἐν ἀγάπη πνεύματι τέ πρᾳότητος, WH text omits), T Tr WH δέ (see 6 below)); L Tr WH WH text δέ; (see 6 below)),R G),Tr text WH δέ (see 6 below)),R G),Tdf.),Tr marginal reading δέ (see 6 below)),τέ ... καί, and τέ καί, not only ... but also, as well ... as, both ... and; things are thus connected which are akin, or which are united to each other by some inner bond, whether logical or real; (according to Winer s Grammar, 439 (408); Bäumlein as above, p. 224f, these particles give no intimation respecting the relative value of the two members; but according to Rost, Griech. Gram. § 134,4; Donaldson, Gr. Gram. § 551; Jelf, § 758; Klotz ad Devar. II:2, p. 740, the member with καί is the more emphatic);<br /><b class="num">a.</b> parts of one and the same sentence (which is completed by a single finite verb): ἐσθίειν τέ καί πίνειν, φόβητρά τέ καί σημεῖα, ἀρχιερεῖς τέ καί γραμματεῖς, πονηρούς τέ καί ἀγαθούς, Ἡρῴδης τέ καί Πόντιος Πιλᾶτος, ἄνδρες τέ καί γυναῖκες, πάντῃ τέ καί πανταχοῦ, ἀσφαλῆ τέ καί βεβαίαν, R G), , 12{b}; L omits; Tr WH brackets τέ), τέ is annexed to the article, which is — either repeated after the teal before the following noun, R G); L T Tr WH); τέ is annexed to a preposition, which after the following καί is — either repeated, L omits; Tr brackets the repeated ἐν; R omits; L brackets the second ἐν): — or omitted, Tr text WH); τέ is annexed to a relative pronoun, although it does not belong so much to the pronoun as to the substantive connected with it, ἔτι τέ καί (and moreover), τέ καί or τέ ... καί, the rest by καί: R G); τέ ... καί connect whole sentences (each of which has its own finite verb, or its own subject): R G; R G; τέ ... καί ... καί, τέ ... δέ are so combined that τέ adds a sentence to what has been previously said, and δέ introduces something opposed to this added sentence (Winer's Grammar, 439 (409)): L T Tr WH; R G L Tr text WH text; R G.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> τέ ... τέ presents as parallel (or coordinate) the ideas or sentences which it connects, as ... so (cf. kühner § 520; (Jelf, § 754,3; Winer s Grammar, § 53,4); on the Latinque ... que cf. Herzog on Sallust, Cat. 9,3): R G; L T Tr WH text; Tr brackets; WH text omits second τέ) (τέ καί τέ, L T Tr WH); τέ καί ... τέ ... καί, L T Tr WH). εἴτε ... εἴτε, see εἰ, III:15; ἐάν τέ ... ἐάν τέ, see ἐάν, I:3e. μήτε ... μήτε ... τέ, neither ... nor ... and, Xenophon, an. 4,4, 6).<br /><b class="num">5.</b> τέ γάρ (which began to be frequent from Aristotle down), Latin namque, etenim, for also, for indeed (Winer's Grammar, 448 (417)), are so used that the former particle connects, the latter gives the reason: ὁμοίως δέ καί (with L Tr marginal reading), see in 6 below); τέ γάρ ... καί, ἐάν τέ γάρ ... ἐάν τέ, for whether ... or (whether), ἐάν τέ γάρ καί, for although (Latin namque etiamsi), R G).<br /><b class="num">6.</b> The reading often varies in manuscripts and editions between τέ and δέ; as, Tr marginal reading), we ought certainly to read ὁμοίως δέ καί; cf. Fritzsche at the passage, p. 77; (Buttmann, 361 (309) n.).<br /><b class="num">7.</b> As respects position (cf. Kühner, § 520 Anm. 5; Winer's Grammar, 559f (520)), τέ is properly annexed to that word or idea which is placed in parallelism with another (as Ἰουδαῖοι τέ καί Ἕλληνες); but writers also take considerable liberty in placing it, and readily subjoin it to an article or a preposition; for examples see in 2a. above.