πρόσωπον: Difference between revisions

|txtha=προσώπου, τό (from πρός and ὤψ, cf. μέτωπον), from Homer down; the Sept. hundreds of times for פָּנִים, also for אַפַיִם, etc.;<br /><b class="num">1.</b><br /><b class="num">a.</b> the face, i. e. the anterior part of the human head: T Tr WH omit; Lachmann brackets the clause); τό πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως, the face with which one is born (A. V. his natural face), πίπτειν ἐπί πρόσωπον (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 27,1n.; 122 (116)) and ἐπί τό πρόσωπον, ἔπεσαν ἐπί τά πρόσωπα, G L T Tr WH); ἀγνωυμενος τίνι τῷ προσώπῳ, unknown to one by face, i. e. personally unknown, προσώπῳ, οὐ καρδία (A. V. in presence, not in heart), κατά πρόσωπον, in or toward (i. e. so as to look into) the face, i. e. before, in the presence of (see κατά, II:1c.): opposed to ἀπών, τίνος added, before (the face of) one, ἔχω τινα κατά πρόσωπον, i. e. to have one present in person (A. V. face to face), ἀντέστην κατά πρόσωπον, I resisted him to the face (with a suggestion of fearlessness), κατά πρόσωπον λέγειν τούς λόγους, Polybius 25,5, 2; add ἀντιστῆναι κατά πρόσωπον τίνος simply denotes to stand against, resist, withstand); τά κατά πρόσωπον the things before the face, i. e. open, known to all, ὁρᾶν τό πρόσωπον τίνος, to see one's face, see him personally, ἰδεῖν, θεωρεῖν, θεωρέω, 2a.); particularly, βλέπειν τό πρόσωπον τοῦ Θεοῦ (see βλέπω, 1b. β.), ὁρᾶν τό πρόσωπον τοῦ Θεοῦ (see ὁράω, 1), ἐμφανισθῆναι τῷ πρόσωπον τοῦ Θεοῦ, to appear before the face of God, spoken of Christ, the eternal priest, who has entered into the heavenly sanctuary, אֵל־פָּנִים פָּנִים we have the phrase πρόσωπον πρός πρόσωπον, face (turned (see πρός, I:1a., p. 541 b)) to face (εἶδον τινα, βλέπω namely, τόν Θεόν, see God face to face, i. e. discern perfectly his nature, will, purposes, πρό προσώπου τίνος (פ לִפנֵי) (cf. Winer s Grammar, § 65,4b. at the end; Buttmann, 319 (274)), i. e. before one, to announce his coming and remove the obstacles from his way, πρό προσώπου τίνος (of time) before a thing, לִפְנֵי in Sept. simply πρό (cf. πρό, b., p. 536b bottom)). πρός φωτισμόν τῆς γνώσεως τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν προσώπῳ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, that we may bring forth into the light the knowledge of the glory of God as it shines in the face of Jesus Christ, πρόσωπον is 'face,' and Paul is led to use the word by what he had said in countenance, look (Latin vultus), i. e. the face so far forth as it is the organ of sight, and (by its various movements and changes) the index of the inward thoughts and feelings: κλίνειν τό πρόσωπον εἰς τήν γῆν, to bow the face to the earth (a characteristic of fear and anxiety), τό πρόσωπον τοῦ κυρίου ἐπί τινα, namely, ἐστιν, the face of the Lord is (turned) upon one, i. e. he looks upon and watches him, στηρίζειν τό πρόσωπον (Hebrew שׂוּם or פָּנִים נָתַן; cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus, ii., p. 1109 on the same form of expression in Syriac, Arabic, Persian, Turkish) τοῦ πορεύεσθαι εἰς with an accusative of the place (A. V. steadfastly to set one's face to go etc. (see στηρίζω, a.)), τό πρόσωπον τίνος ἐστι πορευόμενον εἰς with the accusative of place, τό πρόσωπον σου πορευόμενον ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν, ἀπό προσώπου τίνος φεύγειν, to flee in terror from the face (German Anblick) of one enraged, κρύπτειν τινα etc. (see κρύπτω, a.), ἀνάψυξις ἀπό προσώπου Θεοῦ, the refreshing which comes from the bright and smiling countenance of God to one seeking comfort, ἀπό, p. 59a middle; μετά τοῦ προσώπου σου, namely, ὄντα, in the presence of thy joyous countenance (see μετά, I:2b. β'.), εἰς πρόσωπον τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν, turned unto (i. e. in (R. V.)) the face of the churches as the witnesses of your zeal, ἵνα ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων ... διά πολλῶν εὐχαριστηθῇ, that from many faces (turned toward God and expressing the devout and grateful feelings of the soul) thanks may be rendered by many (accordingly, both ἐκ πολλῶν προσώπων and διά πολλῶν belong to εὐχαριστηθῇ (cf. Meyer ad loc.; see below)), ἀπό προσώπου τίνος (פ מִפְּנֵי), from the sight or presence of one, A. V. before the face; ἐν προσώπῳ Χριστοῦ, in the presence of Christ, i. e. Christ looking on (and approving), πρόσωπον here and in person (cf. R. V.): — here nearly equivalent to on the part of (Vulg. in persona Christi); there equivalent to 'an individual' (Plutarch, de garrul. 13, p. 509b.; Epictetus diss. 1,2, 7; Polybius 8,13, 5; 12,27, 10; 27,6, 4; Clement of Rome, 1 Corinthians 1,1 [ET]; 47,6 [ET]; Phryn., p. 379, and Lobeck's note, p. 380)).<br /><b class="num">c.</b> Hebraistically, the appearance one presents by his wealth or poverty, his rank or low condition; outward circumstances, external condition; so used in expressions which denote to regard the person in one's judgment and treatment of men: βλέπειν εἰς πρόσωπον ἀνθρώπων, θαυμάζειν πρόσωπα, λαμβάνειν πρόσωπον (τίνος), βλέπω, 2c., θαυμάζω λαμβάνω, I:4). καυχᾶσθαι ἐν προσώπῳ καί οὐ καρδία, to glory in those things which they simulate in look, viz. piety, love, righteousness, although their heart is devoid of these virtues, the outward appearance of inanimate things (A. V. face (except in James as below)): τοῦ ἄνθους, τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, τῆς γῆς, T brackets; WH reject the passage); Psalm 103(104):Ovid. metam. 1,6; maris facies, Vergil Aen. 5,768; on this use of the noun facies see Aulus Gellius, noctes atticae 13,29); surface: τῆς γῆς, πᾶς, I:1c.) (Genesis 11:8).