View source for ἐθνάρχης

{{LSJ1
|Full diacritics=ἐθνάρχης
|Medium diacritics=ἐθνάρχης
|Low diacritics=εθνάρχης
|Capitals=ΕΘΝΑΡΧΗΣ
|Transliteration A=ethnárchēs
|Transliteration B=ethnarchēs
|Transliteration C=ethnarchis
|Beta Code=e)qna/rxhs
|Definition=ου, ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[ethnarch]], [[ruler]] of a [[tribe]] or [[nation]], Ἄσανδρος ἀντὶ ἐθνάρχου βασιλεὺς ἀναγορευθεὶς βοσπόρου <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Macr.</span>17</span>; [[sheikh]], <span class="title">OGI</span>616.2 (Arabia); of Abraham, <span class="bibl">Ph.1.513</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> title of [[Jewish]] [[official]], <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">1 Ma.</span>14.47</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.17.1.13</span>, Nic.Dam.<span class="bibl">p.143</span> D., <span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>11.32, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span> 13.6.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Adj., [[ruling over nations]], ἐ. θεοί <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Gal.</span>115d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">143a</span>.</span>
}}
{{DGE
|dgtxt=-ου, ὁ <b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[cabecilla o jefe de tribu]] entre los beduinos, [[jeque]] Σοαίδου ... ἐθνάρχου, στρατηγοῦ νομάδων ... μνημεῖον monumento de Saud, jeque y jefe de nómadas</i>, <i>OGI</i> 616.2 (Arabia II d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>entre los judíos [[caudillo]], [[príncipe de su nación]] de Abraham, Ph.1.513, de Judá, Origenes <i>Princ</i>.4.1.3, de Simón στρατηγὸς καὶ ἐ. [[LXX]] 1<i>Ma</i>.14.47, cf. I.<i>AI</i> 13.214.<br /><b class="num">2</b> de figuras divinas [[rector]], [[protector]] de una [[nación]] del Dios de los judíos, Dion.Ar.<i>CH</i> 9.4<br /><b class="num">•</b>como adj. [[que tiene a su cargo una nación]], [[nacional]] θεοί Iul.<i>Gal</i>.21.115d, 26.143a, πολιούχοις ... καὶ ἐθνάρχαις θεοῖς a los dioses de las ciudades y a los de las naciones</i> Cyr.Al.M.76.704C, cf. Oecum.<i>Apoc</i>.10.190, ἄγγελος ἐ. op. al ‘[[ángel de la guarda]]’ personal, Basil.<i>Eunom</i>.656B.<br /><b class="num">II</b> nombrado por la admin. heleníst.-rom. [[jefe de comunidad étnica]], [[etnarca]], [[gobernador delegado]] ἐπιστρατηγοὺς τινὰς καὶ νομάρχας καὶ ἐθνάρχας ... ἀποδείξαντες en Alejandría, por parte de los romanos, Str.17.1.13, cf. <i>SEG</i> 26.1623.25 (Comagene I a.C.), [[Ἄσανδρος]] δὲ ὁ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ Σεβαστοῦ ἀντὶ ἐθνάρχου βασιλεὺς ἀναγορευθεὶς Βοσπόρου Luc.<i>Macr</i>.17<br /><b class="num">•</b>esp. de la comunidad judía ὁ Καῖσαρ Ἀρχέλαον ... ἐθνάρχην κατέστησεν Nic.Dam.136.11, cf. I.<i>AI</i> 14.194, 2<i>Ep.Cor</i>.11.32, Origenes M.11.84A, [[ἐνεύχομαι]] ... τὴν τιμὴν τῶν πατριαρχῶν καὶ τὴν τιμὴν τῶν ἐθν{ι}αρχῶν de una comunidad judía <i>CIIud</i>.719.6 (Argos).
}}
{{pape
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0720.png Seite 720]] ὁ, Volksbeherrscher, Luc. Macrob. 17; Statthalter, LXX.
}}
{{bailly
|btext=ου (ὁ) :<br />gouverneur <i>ou</i> chef d'un peuple;<br /><b>[[NT]]</b>: gouverneur.<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[ἔθνος]], [[ἄρχω]].
}}
{{elru
|elrutext='''ἐθνάρχης:''' ου ὁ этнарх, начальник области, правитель Luc.
}}
{{ls
|lstext='''ἐθνάρχης''': -ου, ὁ, ὁ ἄρχων ἔθνους ἢ λαοῦ, Λουκ. Μακρόβ. 17. 2· [[νομάρχης]]. Ἐπιστ. π. Κορινθ. ια΄, 32. ΙΙ. ἄρχων Ῥωμαίων μισθοφόρων. Σκυλίτζ. σ. 787.
}}
{{StrongGR
|strgr=from [[ἔθνος]] and [[ἀρχή]]; the [[governor]] ([[not]] [[king]]) of a [[district]]: ethnarch.
}}
{{Thayer
|txtha=ἐθναρχου, ὁ (from [[ἔθνος]] and [[ἄρχω]]), (equivalent to [[founder]] of a [[nation]], [[Philo]], quis rer. div. her. § 56), an ethnarch, [[one]] [[set]] [[over]] a [[people]] as [[ruler]], [[but]] [[without]] the [[authority]] and [[name]] of [[king]] (Lucian, in Macrobius, § 17 [[ἀντί]] ἐθναρχου [[βασιλεύς]] ἀναγορευθεις Βοσπορου; so the [[governor]] whom the Alexandrian Jews used to [[have]] [[was]] called [[ἐθνάρχης]], of whom Josephus says, Antiquities 14,7, 2, ὅς διοικεῖ τέ τό [[ἔθνος]] καί [[δίαιτα]] κρίσεις καί συμβολαιων ἐπιμελειται καί προσταγμάτων, ὡς ἄνπολιτείας [[ἄρχων]] ἀυτοτελους; [[likewise]] Simon Maccabaeus, Josephus, Antiquities 13,6, 6; cf. (19,5, 2); b. j. 2,6, 3): ὁ [[ἐθνάρχης]] Ἁρέτα [[τοῦ]] βασιλέως, the [[governor]] of Damascene [[Syria]], [[ruling]] in the [[name]] of [[king]] Aretas ([[which]] [[see]]); cf. B. D. [[under]] the [[word]] Smith's Bible Dictionary, Governor, 11).
}}
{{grml
|mltxt=ο (AM [[ἐθνάρχης]])<br />[[αρχηγός]] έθνους<br /><b>νεοελλ.</b><br />[[θρησκευτικός]], [[πνευματικός]] ή [[πολιτικός]] [[ηγέτης]] που αγωνίζεται για την [[απελευθέρωση]] υπόδουλου έθνους ή μέρους του ή ενσαρκώνει τα εθνικά ιδανικά και έχει [[κύρος]] σε όλο το [[έθνος]] και όχι σε μία μόνο [[παράταξη]]<br /><b>μσν.</b><br />[[στρατηγός]], [[αρχηγός]] μισθοφόρων στο Βυζάντιο<br /><b>αρχ.</b><br /><b>1.</b> [[τίτλος]] Ιουδαίου άρχοντα<br /><b>2.</b> αυτός που εξουσιάζει τα έθνη.
}}
{{lsm
|lsmtext='''ἐθνάρχης:''' -ου, ὁ ([[ἄρχω]]), [[εθνάρχης]], [[άρχοντας]] ἔθνους, σε Καινή Διαθήκη, Λουκ.
}}
{{mdlsj
|mdlsjtxt=ἐθνάρχης, ου, [[ἄρχω]]<br />an ethnarch, NTest., Luc.
}}
{{wkpen
|wketx=Ethnarch, pronounced /ˈɛθnɑːrk/, the anglicized form of ethnarches (Greek: [[ἐθνάρχης]]), refers generally to political leadership over a common ethnic group or homogeneous kingdom. The word is derived from the Greek words ἔθνος (ethnos, "[[tribe]]/[[nation]]") and [[ἄρχων]] (archon, "[[leader]]/[[ruler]]"). Strong's Concordance gives the definition of 'ethnarch' as "the governor (not king) of a district."

The title first appeared in the Hellenistic Middle East, possibly in Judea. In the First book of Maccabees the word is used three times (1 Maccabees 14:47 and 15:1-2), where Simon Thassi is referred to as the high priest and ethnarch of the Judeans.

It was used in the region even after it fell under the dominion of Rome, and into the early Roman Empire, to refer to rulers of vassal kingdoms who did not rise to the level of kings. The Romans used the terms natio and gens for a people as a genetic and cultural entity, regardless of political statehood.

The best-known is probably Herod Archelaus, son of Herod the Great, who was [[ethnarch]] of Samaria, Judea (Biblical Judah), and Idumea (Biblical Edom), from the death of his father in 4 BC to AD 6. This region is known as the Tetrarchy of Judea. His brother Philip received the north-east of the realm and was styled Tetrarch (circa 'ruler of a quarter'); and Galilee was given to Herod Antipas, who bore the same title. Consequently, Archelaus' title singled him out as the senior ruler, higher in rank than the tetrarchs and the chief of the Jewish nation; these three sovereignties were in a sense reunited under Herod Agrippa from AD 41 to 44.

Previously, Hyrcanus II, one of the later Hasmonean rulers of Judea, had also held the title of [[ethnarch]], as well as that of High Priest.

In the New Testament the word is used only once by the Apostle Paul in his Second Epistle to the Corinthians (2 Corinthians 11:32). However the definition of the word in terms of the actual jurisdiction and public office of the [[ethnarch]] may not be accurately determined.
}}
{{Chinese
|sngr='''原文音譯'''：™qn£rchj 誒田-阿而黑士<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（1）<br />'''原文字根'''：民族-原始（者）<br />'''字義溯源'''：地區統治者，總督，提督；由（[[ἔθνος]]）*=種族）與（[[ἀρχή]]）=開始）組成；而 （[[ἀρχή]]）出自（[[ἄρχω]]）=著手）， （[[ἄρχω]]）出自（[[ἄρχω]]）*=為首）<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（1）；林後（1）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 提督（1） 林後11:32
}}
{{trml
|trtx=als: ethnarch; be: этнарх; bg: етнарх; ca: etnarca; de: Ethnarch; en: ethnarch; es: etnarca; fr: ethnarque; he: אתנארך; id: etnark; it: etnarca; la: ethnarches; nl: ethnarch; pl: etnarcha; pt: etnarca; ru: этнарх; sh: etnarh; uk: етнарх
}}