View source for ἦθος

{{LSJ1
|Full diacritics=ἦθος
|Medium diacritics=ἦθος
|Low diacritics=ήθος
|Capitals=ΗΘΟΣ
|Transliteration A=ē̂thos
|Transliteration B=ēthos
|Transliteration C=ithos
|Beta Code=h)=qos
|Definition=εος<b class="b3">, τό</b> (cf. [[ἔθος]]), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">an accustomed place</b>: hence, in pl., <b class="b2">haunts</b> or <b class="b2">abodes</b> of animals, μετά τ' ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων <span class="bibl">Il.6.511</span>; [σύας] ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι <span class="bibl">Od.14.411</span>; of lions, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.125</span>; of fish, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.93</span>; of <b class="b2">the abodes of men</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>167</span>, <span class="bibl">525</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.15</span>, <span class="bibl">157</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>64</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>274</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>865e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span>398b33</span>; <b class="b3">ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι</b> away from his <b class="b2">accustomed place</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.142</span>; of plants, <span class="bibl">Callistr.<span class="title">Stat.</span>7</span>: metaph., with play on signf. <span class="bibl">11</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>277a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">custom, usage</b>: in pl., <b class="b2">manners, customs</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>137</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>66</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.30</span>,<span class="bibl">35</span>, <span class="bibl">4.106</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.61</span>; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>896c</span>; <b class="b3">ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">695e</span>; φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ' ὁμιλίαι κακαί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.7.94</span> (<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>1024</span> = <span class="bibl">Men.218</span>); τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἁπλοῦς <span class="bibl">D.S.5.21</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">disposition, character</b>, ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 67</span>,<span class="bibl">78</span>; ἦ. ἐμφυές <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>11(10).21</span>; <b class="b3">ἀκίχητα ἤ</b>., of Zeus, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>187</span>; τοὐμὸν ἦ. παιδεύειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>595</span>; <b class="b3">ὦ μιαρὸν ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>746</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.31</span>; <b class="b3">βελτίων τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">D.20.14</span>; esp. <b class="b2">moral character</b>, opp. <b class="b3">διάνοια</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1139a1</span>; as the result of habit, τὸ πᾶν ἦ. διὰ ἔθος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>792e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EE</span>1220a39</span>; ἦ. ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων <span class="bibl">Heraclit.119</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ. πηγὴ βίου</b> Stoic. ap. Stob.2.7.1; <b class="b3">τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>400d</span>, <span class="bibl">D.61.16</span>: freq. opp. <b class="b3">πάθος</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1356a23</span> (pl.), etc.; ἠθῶν τε καὶ παθῶν μίμησις <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>3</span>; τὸ ἦ. πρᾶος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>243c</span>: less freq. in dat., <b class="b3">ἀγοραῖος τῷ ἤ</b>. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>6.2</span>, cf. <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>164.3 (i/ii A.D.): pl., <b class="b2">traits, characteristics</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>402d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1144b4</span> (in sg., <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς ἀνδρείας ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>836d</span>): seldom in pl., of an individual, στερρὸν τὰ ἤθεα <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ep.</span>11</span>; ἱερὸς κατὰ τὰ ἤθη <span class="bibl">Ath.1.1e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of outward <b class="b2">bearing</b>, <b class="b3">ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>8.3</span>; ὑγρότης ἤθους <span class="bibl">Lycurg.33</span>; <b class="b3">ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dio</span>4</span>: in pl., of facial expression, ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Gym.</span> 25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> in Rhet., <b class="b2">delineation of character</b>, ἦ. ἔχουσιν οἱ λόγοι ἐν ὅσοις δήλη ἡ προαίρεσις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1395b13</span>; ἦ. ἐμφαίνειν Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1.200S.; esp. opp. <b class="b3">πάθος</b>, Longin.9.15, etc.; <b class="b3">κατ' ἦ. λέγεσθαι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ πάθος</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lys.</span>19</span>: in pl., πραγμάτων καὶ ἠθῶν <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Po.</span>5.5</span>; ἐν πάθεσι καὶ ἤθεσιν <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>28</span>, etc.; so of works of art, <b class="b3">ἡ Ζεύξιδος γραφὴ οὐδὲν ἔχει ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1450a29</span>; πάθος καὶ ἦ. καὶ σχημάτων χρῆσις <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>4.3</span>; πολλὰ ἤθη ἐπιφαίνει <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">Her.</span>2.10</span>; also of Music, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>6.49</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">dramatis persona</b>, <b class="b3">εἰσάγει ἄνδρα ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἄλλο τι ἦ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1450a11</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> also of animals, <b class="b3">ἦ. τὸ πρὸς τοκέων</b> (prob.l.for <b class="b3">ἔθος</b>) <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>727</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1219</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>375e</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>487a12</span> (pl.); <b class="b3">τὸ ἦ. ἀσθενής</b>, of a bird, ib.<span class="bibl">615a18</span>; of things, <b class="b2">nature, kind</b>, <b class="b3">παρὰ δ' ἦ. ἑκάστῳ</b> (to each of the four elements) <span class="bibl">Emp. 17.28</span>; τοῦ πυρετοῦ Gal.7.353. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἐν ἤθει</b> <b class="b2">tactfully</b> (cf. ἠθικός 11.2), προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Plu.2.73e. cf. <span class="bibl">Herm. <span class="title">in Phdr.</span>p.195A.</span>; <b class="b3">διὰ μέτριον ἦθος</b>, of the expression <b class="b3">δοκεῖ μοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Steph.<span class="title">in Hp.</span>1.59D.</span></span>
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{{pape
|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1157.png Seite 1157]] τό (vgl. [[ἔθος]]), 1) der gewohnte <b class="b2">Aufenthalt, Wohnsitz</b>, Wohnort, wohl nur im plur., eigtl. ion., s. Greg. Cor. p. 494; bei Hom. von Thieren, ἤθεα καὶ νομὸς ἵππων, Il. 6, 511. 15, 268; von Schweinen, κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι Od. 14, 411, also <b class="b2">Stall</b>, Kosen; vgl. Arist. de mundo 6 med. τὸ χερσαῖον [[ζῷον]] εἰς τὰ ἤθεα καὶ νομοὺς ἐξερπύσει. Von Fischen, Opp. H. 1, 93. Von Menschen, ἕπεται πόλιν τε καὶ ἤθεα λαῶν, Wohnungen der Menschen, Hes. O. 169. 527; auch Pind., Λακεδαιμονίων μιχθέντες ἀνδρῶν ἤθεσι P. 4, 257, nach Lacedämon gekommen; Aesch. Suppl. 62; oft Her., [[Κιμμέριοι]] ἐξ ἠθέων ὑπὸ Σκυθέων ἐξαναστάντες 1, 15, ἀπήλαυνε ἐς ἤθεα τὰ Περσῶν 1, 157; 4, 80; auch Eur., πατρίδος θεοί μ' ἀφιδρύσαντο γῆς ἐς βάρβαρ' ἤθη Hel. 281; sp. D., ἤθεα γαίης D. Per. 294, öfter; einzeln in sp. Prosa, wie Arr. καὶ Ταξίλην ἀποπέμπει [[ὀπίσω]] εἰς τὰ ἤθεα τὰ [[αὑτοῦ]], An. 5, 20, 6; [[ἔνθα]] φίλα τὰ ἤθη αὐτῷ καὶ τριβαὶ κεχαρισμέναι Ael. H. A. 11, 10, öfter; Philostr. braucht so auch den sing. – Bei Plat. Tim. 42 e, ἔμενεν ἐν τῷ ἑαυτοῦ κατὰ τρόπον ἤθει, u. Legg. IX, 965 e, ὁρῶν τὸν [[ἑαυτοῦ]] φονέα ἐν τοῖς ἤθεσι τοῖς τῆς [[ἑαυτοῦ]] συνηθείας ἀναστρεφόμενον, ist an das Geistige zu denken, so daß diese Stellen den Uebergang zu der folgenden Bdtg machen. – 2) <b class="b2">Gewohnheit</b>, Herkommen, Sitte, Hes. O. 139, καὶ νόμοι Th. 66; Her. 2, 35, wie Eur. ἐς καινὰ δ' ἤθη καὶ νόμους ἀφιγμένην, Med. 238; die Art der Menschen zu handeln u. zu reden, Charakter, Sinnesart, Gesinnung, ἐπίκλοπον Hes. O. 67; [[ἦθος]] ἐμφυές Pind. Ol. 10, 21; συγγενές 13, 13; φίλα γὰρ κέκευθεν ἤθη Aesch. Pers. 640; ἀκίχητα ἤθεα καὶ [[κέαρ]] ἀπαράμυθον Prom. 184; ὦ μιαρὸν [[ἦθος]] Soph. Ant. 742; παιδεύειν [[ἦθος]] Ai. 592; Eur. Suppl. 869; τὰ τῶν νέων ἤθη, πολιτείας, Plat. Rep. VIII, 549 a Legg. XI, 929 c; ἐν νόμων ἤθεσι u. ä. oft; im sing. Charakter, Gemüth, φρόνιμον καὶ ἡσύχιον Rep. X, 604 e; γενναῖον VI, 496 b; ἀνδρεῖον Polit. 308 a; τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς [[ἦθος]] Rep. III, 400 d, öfter; ἐν τοιούτοις ἤθεσι παιδευθέντες Isocr. 4, 82. Häufig πρᾷος τὸ [[ἦθος]], mild an Sinnesart, Plat. Phaedr. 243 c; [[φιλόπολις]] τὸ [[ἦθος]] Thuc. bei Poll. 9, 26; [[βελτίων]] τὸ [[ἦθος]] Dem. 20, 14; ἀσθενὴς τὸ [[ἦθος]] Arist. H. A. 9, 12; Sp., wie Luc. Salt. 72; selten in solchen Verbindungen τῷ ἤθει, wie Theophr. char. 6; auch im plur., κόσμιοι τὰ ἤθη, Ath. VI, 260 d, [[κράτιστος]] τὰ ἤθη D. L. 6, 64; ἁπλοῖ τοῖς ἤθεσι, D. Sic. 5, 21, was Phryn. 364 tadelt, vgl. Lob. zu der Stelle; Sp. so auch mit praepos., βδελυροὶ εἰς τὰ ἤθη, Luc. Pseudol. 1, 16; ὑψηλὸς ἐν ἤθει, Plut. Dion. 4; ἱερὸς τὴν τέχνην καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἤθη, Ath. I, 1 e. – Vgl. [[ἔθος]]; Plat. vrbdt τρόπων ἤθεσι καὶ ἔθεσι, Legg. XII, 968 d; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη X, 896 c. – Auch vom äußern Wesen, ἱλαρὸν τὸ [[ἦθος]] Xen. Conv. 8, 3. – Jeder Ausdruck der Sinnesart, Mienen u. Gesichtszüge, insofern sich ein Charakter darin ausdrückt, bes. die ruhigen Seelenzustände, im Ggstz von [[πάθος]]. S. die compp.
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{{ls
|lstext='''ἦθος''': -εος, τὸ, (ἐκτεταμένος [[τύπος]] τοῦ [[ἔθος]], ἴδε Ἀριστ. Ἠθ. Ν. 2. 1, 1)· - [[συνήθης]] [[διαμονή]], [[ἐνδιαίτημα]]· [[ἐντεῦθεν]] ἐν τῷ πληθ. τὰ μέρη, [[ἔνθα]] συχνάζουσιν ἢ κατοικοῦσι ζῷα, μετά τ’ ἤθεα καὶ νόμον ἵππων Ἰλ. Ζ. 511· σύας ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι Ὀδ. Ξ. 411· ἐπὶ λεόντων, Ἡρόδ. 7. 125· ἐπὶ ἰχθύων, Ὀππ. Ἁλ. 1. 93· ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων οἰκήσεων, Ἡσ. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 166, 523, Ἡρόδ. 1. 15, 157, κτλ.· - σπάν. παρ’ Ἀττ. ἐπὶ ταύτης τῆς ἐννοίας, Αἰσχύλ. Ἱκέτ. 64, Εὐρ. Ἑλ. 274, Ἀριστ. Κόσμ. 6, 16· - ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι, μακρὰν τοῦ συνήθους μέρους [[αὐτοῦ]], Ἡρόδ. 2. 142· ἐπὶ δένδρων, Καλλίστρ. 154. ΙΙ. ὡς τὸ [[ἔθος]], [[συνήθεια]], ἔθιμον, Ἡσ. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 136, Ἡρόδ. 2. 80, 35, κ. ἀλλ. 2) οἱ τρόποι καὶ τὰ ἔθιμα τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἡ [[διάθεσις]] αὐτῶν, ὁ [[χαρακτήρ]], Λατ. ingenium, mores, πρῶτον παρ’ Ἡσ. Ἔργ. κ. Ἡμ. 67, 78· [[ἦθος]] ἐμφυὲς Πίνδ. Ο. 11 (10). 20· ἀκίχητα ἤθεα, ἐπὶ τοῦ [[Διός]], Αἰσχύλ. Πρ. 184· τοὐμὸν [[ἦθος]] παιδεύειν Σοφ. Αἴ. 595· ὦ μιαρὸν [[ἦθος]], ἐπὶ προσώπου, ὁ αὐτ. Ἀντ. 745· τὸ τῆς πόλεως [[ἦθος]] Ἰσοκρ. 21Α· τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης Πλάτ. Πολιτ. 400D, Δημ. 1406. 5· διὰ τὸ [[ἦθος]] καὶ τὴν ἀγωγὴν [[πρᾶος]], [[βελτίων]], [[ἀσθενής]] τὸ [[ἦθος]], [[ἤπιος]], κτλ. κατὰ τὸν χαρακτῆρα, Πλάτ. Φαίδρ. 243Β, Δημ. 460. 28, Ἀριστ. Ἱ. Ζ. 9. 12, 1· σπανιώτερον κατὰ δοτ., [[ἀγοραῖος]] τῷ ἤθει Θεόφρ. Χαρ. 6· - [[ὡσαύτως]] ἐπὶ ἐξωτερικῆς ὄψεως, ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ [[ἦθος]] Ξεν. Συμπ. 8, 3· ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤθει Πλάτ. Δίωνι 4. β) ἐν τῇ Ρητορ., ὁ χαρακτὴρ καὶ ἡ [[διάθεσις]] τοῦ ἀγορεύοντος ἐντυπούμενα διὰ τοῦ λόγου [[αὐτοῦ]] εἰς τοὺς ἀκροατάς, ἠθικὴ [[ἐντύπωσις]], Ἀριστ. Ρητ. 1. 2, 3., 2. 21, 16· κατ’ [[ἦθος]] λέγεσθαι, ἀντίθ. κατὰ [[πάθος]], Διον. Ἁλ. π. Συνθ. 22, πρβλ. Quintil. 6. 2, 8 κἑξ.· [[οὕτως]] ἐπὶ τῆς ἠθικῆς ἐντυπώσεως, ἣν ἐμποιεῖ [[ἄγαλμα]], Φιλόστρ. 683· οὕτω, poëma moratum, Cic. Div. 1. § 66, πρβλ. Hor. A. P. 319. - Ἐπὶ τῆς σημασ. ΙΙ. 2, τὸ [[ἦθος]] κεῖται σχεδὸν ἀείποτε καθ’ ἑνικ., πλὴν [[ὁπόταν]] λέγηται ἐπὶ πολλῶν προσώπων, ἀλλ’ ἴδε τοὺς συγγραφεῖς τοὺς ἀναφερομένους παρὰ τῷ Λοβ. Φρυν. 364· 3) ἐν τῷ πληθ. [[καθόλου]], ἐπὶ τρόπων, ὡς τὸ Λατ. mores, Ἡσ. Θ. 66, Ἡρόδ. 4. 106, Θουκ. 2. 61· ἤθεσι καὶ ἔθεσι, [[ὁμοῦ]], Πλάτ. Νόμοι 968D· τρόποι καὶ ἤθη [[αὐτόθι]] 896Ε· ἡ περὶ τὰ ἤθη [[πραγματεία]] Ἀριστ. Ρητ. 1. 2, 7, κτλ. 4) [[ὡσαύτως]] ἐπὶ ζῴων, [[ἦθος]] τὸ [[πρόσθε]] τοκήων ([[οὕτως]] ὁ Coningt. ἀντὶ [[ἔθος]]) Αἰσχύλ. Ἀγ. 727, πρβλ. Εὐρ. Ἱππ. 1219, Ἀριστ. Ἱ. Ζ. 1. 1, 12, κτλ.· - ἐπὶ πραγμάτων, [[φύσις]], [[εἶδος]], τοῦ πυρετοῦ Γαλην.
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{{bailly
|btext=<i>ion.</i> -εος, <i>att.</i> -ους (τό) :<br /><b>I.</b> <i>au plur.</i> séjour habituel, demeure, résidence (écurie, étable, repaire, pâturage, <i>etc.</i>) ; <i>abs.</i> région où le soleil se lève;<br /><b>II.</b> caractère habituel :<br /><b>1</b> coutume, usage;<br /><b>2</b> manière d’être <i>ou</i> habitudes d’une personne, caractère : [[ἦθος]] τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης PLAT disposition de l’âme, de l’esprit ; τῆς πόλεως ISOCR caractère de la cité ; <i>t. de rhét.</i> impression morale (produite par un orateur) ; <i>p. ext.</i> τὰ ἤθη la personne elle-même;<br /><b>3</b> <i>p. ext.</i> mœurs : ἤθη καὶ ἔθη, τρόποι καὶ ἤθη PLAT le caractère et les mœurs.<br />'''Étymologie:''' p. *Ϝήθος, ion. c. [[ἔθος]], de la R. ΣϜεθ.
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{{Autenrieth
|auten=(ϝῆθος), pl. ἤθεα: [[accustomed]] places, haunts, Il. 6.511; of ‘pens,’ Od. 14.411.
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{{Slater
|sltr=[[ἦθος]] (ϝηθ-, (O. 11.20) ) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[nature]], [[character]] τὸ γὰρ ἐμφυὲς οὔτ' [[αἴθων]] [[ἀλώπηξ]] οὔτ ἐρίβομοι λέοντες διαλλάξαιντο [[ἦθος]] (O. 11.20) ἄμαχον δὲ κρύψαι τὸ συγγενὲς [[ἦθος]] (O. 13.13) εἴη μή [[ποτέ]] μοι τοιοῦτον [[ἦθος]] (N. 8.35) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[haunt]], [[home]] Λακεδαιμονίων μιχθέντες [[ἀνδρῶν]] ἤθεσι (Boeckh: ἤθεσιν codd.: contra Puech, “partager la vie”) (P. 4.258)
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{{StrongGR
|strgr=a strengthened [[form]] of [[ἔθος]]; [[usage]], i.e. (plural) [[moral]] habits: [[manners]].
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{{Thayer
|txtha=[[ᾔθεος]] (ἐθους), τό ([[akin]] to [[ἔθος]], [[probably]] from ἘΩ, [[whence]] [[ἧμαι]], έ῾ζω (cf. Vanicek, p. 379));<br /><b class="num">1.</b> a [[customary]] [[abode]], [[dwelling]]-[[place]], [[haunt]], [[customary]] [[state]] ([[Homer]], [[Hesiod]], [[Herodotus]], others).<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[custom]], [[usage]] (cf. German Sitzen, Sitte); plural τά ἤθη [[morals]], [[character]] (Latin mores) [[Menander]]; cf. [[Menander]] [[fragment]], Meineke edition, p. 75. (4 Maccabees 1:29; 2:7,21.) 
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