ἰχθῦς: Difference between revisions
τὸ ἀγαθὸν αἱρετόν· τὸ δ' αἱρετὸν ἀρεστόν· τὸ δ' ἀρεστὸν ἐπαινετόν· τὸ δ' ἐπαινετὸν καλόν → what is good is chosen, what is chosen is approved, what is approved is admired, what is admired is beautiful
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|Transliteration C=ichthys | |Transliteration C=ichthys | ||
|Beta Code=i)xqu=s | |Beta Code=i)xqu=s | ||
|Definition=(so Hdn.Gr.2.936, | |Definition=(so Hdn.Gr.2.936, [[ἰχθῦς]] and [[ἰχθύς]] freq. in codd.), ύος, ὁ, acc. <span class="sense"><p> <span class="bld">A</span> ἰχθύν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>306</span>, cf. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.416</span>, <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>1.383</span>, in late Poets also ἰχθύα <span class="title">AP</span>9.227 (Bianor), <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.45</span>: voc. ἰχθύ <span class="bibl">Erinn. 1</span>, <span class="bibl">Crates Com.14</span>: pl. ἰχθύες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>109e</span>, etc., ἰχθῦς <span class="bibl">Alex.261.9</span>, acc. <b class="b3">ἰχθύας</b>, contr. ἰχθῦς <span class="bibl">Od.5.53</span>, both forms being used in Com., -ῦς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1068</span>, <span class="bibl">Archipp.29</span>, -ύας <span class="bibl">Antiph.68.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Ephipp.21</span>; codd. vary in <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>564b19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>644a21</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.5.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.8.3.19</span>, etc.; -ῦς <span class="title">SIG</span>997.1 (Smyrna, perh. i B.C.); -ύας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1123.9</span> (Aug.), etc.: dual ἰχθῦ <span class="bibl">Antiph.194.15</span>:—<b class="b2">fish</b>, ὠμηστής <span class="bibl">Il.24.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">21.122</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>277</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.93</span>,<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1297</span>,etc.: prov., ἀφωνότερος τῶν ἰχθύων or ἰχθύος ἀφωνότερος or ἄφωνος ὡς ἰχθύς <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Gall.</span>1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>2.18</span>: metaph., of <b class="b2">a stupid fellow, speechless, dumber than fish, magis mutus ipsis piscibus, mutus ipsis piscibus</b>, Plu.2.975b. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">II</span> in pl., <b class="b3">οἱ ἰχθύες</b> <b class="b2">the fish-market</b> at Athens, παρὰ τοὺς ἰχθῦς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1068</span>; ἐν τοῖς ἰχθύσι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>789</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.125.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"> <span class="bld">III</span> pl., the constellation <span class="title">Pisces</span>, Eudox. ap. <span class="bibl">Hipparch.1.2.3</span>; ἰ. Διός <span class="bibl">Porph. <span class="title">Antr.</span>22</span>. (<b class="b3">ἱχθύς</b> Att. acc. to Gell.2.3.2.) [ῡ in disyll. cases, nom. -ῡς <span class="bibl">Il.21.127</span>, <span class="bibl">Damox.2.20</span>, <span class="bibl">Archestr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>52</span> (<b class="b3">ἰχθῦς οὖσα</b> shd. be read for <b class="b3">ἰχθὺς ἐοῦσα</b> in <span class="bibl">Matro <span class="title">Conv.</span>35</span>), acc. -ῡν <span class="bibl">Pherecr.120</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.166.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Archestr.<span class="title">Fr.</span>28</span>, but -ῠν <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.49</span>, and apptly. Pi. l.c.: ῠ in trisyll. cases and in all compds.] (Cf. Lith. <b class="b2">žuvìs</b>, Arm. <b class="b2">jukn</b>, 'fish'.)</span> | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=-ύος<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[fish]] (Il.; on the accent Schwyzer 377f. and Berger Münch. Stud. zur Sprachwiss. 3, 7).<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, mostly with added <b class="b3">ο</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">ἰχθυο-πώλης</b> (Com.) beside <b class="b3">ἰχθυ-βόλος</b> (A., AP ; <b class="b3">-βολεύς</b> Nic., Call.; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 64). As 2. member in <b class="b3">ἄν-</b>, <b class="b3">εὔ-</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-ϊχθυς</b> (Str.), also <b class="b3">πολυ-ΐχθυος</b> (h. Ap. 417; metr. easy).<br />Derivatives: Diminutivum <b class="b3">ἰχθύδιον</b> (Com., pap., prob. from <b class="b3">-υ-ΐδιον</b> > -<b class="b3">ύδιον</b>; later <b class="b3">-υ-</b>; Schwyzer 199 and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 177f.; diff. Chantraine Formation 70). Othe subst.: <b class="b3">ἰχθύα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ύη</b> <b class="b2">dried fish(skin), fishery</b> (medic., pap.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυήματα</b> pl. (rarely sg.) <b class="b2">fish-scales</b> (Hp.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυΐα</b> [[fishery]] (Procl.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 41); <b class="b3">ἰχθυεῖον</b> [[fishmarket]] (Nesos; uncertain); <b class="b3">ἰχθυόνερ ἰχθυαγωγοί</b> H.; cf. Schwyzer 487. - Adjectives: <b class="b3">ἰχθυόεις</b> <b class="b2">rich in fish, consisting of fish</b> (H.; on the formation Debrunner <b class="b3">Ἀντίδωρον</b> 28ff.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυώδης</b> <b class="b2">rich in fish, fish-like</b> (Hdt.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυηρός</b> <b class="b2">consisting of fish, scaly, polluted</b> (Ar., Ph.; on the unpleasant side Chantraine Formation 233), <b class="b3">ἰχθυηρά</b> f. <b class="b2">fish-taxes</b> (pap.; Mayser 1 : 3, 96); <b class="b3">ἰχθυϊκός</b> <b class="b2">regarding fish, fish-like</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">-ική</b> <b class="b2">fish-toll</b> (Magnesia, Ephesos); <b class="b3">ἰχθυακός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aq., Sm., Thd.); <b class="b3">ἰχθύϊνος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ael.). - Verbs: <b class="b3">ἰχθυάω</b> [[fish]], also intr. <b class="b2">behave like a fish</b> (Od.), also <b class="b3">ἰχθυάζομαι</b> [[fish]] (AP). Cf. the derivv. of <b class="b3">ἅλς</b> : <b class="b3">ἁλι-εύς</b>, <b class="b3">-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-εία</b> etc., which compete with the <b class="b3">ἰχθῦς-</b>group.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [416] <b class="b2">* | |etymtx=-ύος<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[fish]] (Il.; on the accent Schwyzer 377f. and Berger Münch. Stud. zur Sprachwiss. 3, 7).<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, mostly with added <b class="b3">ο</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">ἰχθυο-πώλης</b> (Com.) beside <b class="b3">ἰχθυ-βόλος</b> (A., AP ; <b class="b3">-βολεύς</b> Nic., Call.; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> 64). As 2. member in <b class="b3">ἄν-</b>, <b class="b3">εὔ-</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-ϊχθυς</b> (Str.), also <b class="b3">πολυ-ΐχθυος</b> (h. Ap. 417; metr. easy).<br />Derivatives: Diminutivum <b class="b3">ἰχθύδιον</b> (Com., pap., prob. from <b class="b3">-υ-ΐδιον</b> > -<b class="b3">ύδιον</b>; later <b class="b3">-υ-</b>; Schwyzer 199 and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 177f.; diff. Chantraine Formation 70). Othe subst.: <b class="b3">ἰχθύα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ύη</b> <b class="b2">dried fish(skin), fishery</b> (medic., pap.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυήματα</b> pl. (rarely sg.) <b class="b2">fish-scales</b> (Hp.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυΐα</b> [[fishery]] (Procl.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 41); <b class="b3">ἰχθυεῖον</b> [[fishmarket]] (Nesos; uncertain); <b class="b3">ἰχθυόνερ ἰχθυαγωγοί</b> H.; cf. Schwyzer 487. - Adjectives: <b class="b3">ἰχθυόεις</b> <b class="b2">rich in fish, consisting of fish</b> (H.; on the formation Debrunner <b class="b3">Ἀντίδωρον</b> 28ff.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυώδης</b> <b class="b2">rich in fish, fish-like</b> (Hdt.); <b class="b3">ἰχθυηρός</b> <b class="b2">consisting of fish, scaly, polluted</b> (Ar., Ph.; on the unpleasant side Chantraine Formation 233), <b class="b3">ἰχθυηρά</b> f. <b class="b2">fish-taxes</b> (pap.; Mayser 1 : 3, 96); <b class="b3">ἰχθυϊκός</b> <b class="b2">regarding fish, fish-like</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">-ική</b> <b class="b2">fish-toll</b> (Magnesia, Ephesos); <b class="b3">ἰχθυακός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aq., Sm., Thd.); <b class="b3">ἰχθύϊνος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ael.). - Verbs: <b class="b3">ἰχθυάω</b> [[fish]], also intr. <b class="b2">behave like a fish</b> (Od.), also <b class="b3">ἰχθυάζομαι</b> [[fish]] (AP). Cf. the derivv. of <b class="b3">ἅλς</b> : <b class="b3">ἁλι-εύς</b>, <b class="b3">-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-εία</b> etc., which compete with the <b class="b3">ἰχθῦς-</b>group.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [416] <b class="b2">*dǵhuH-</b> [[fish]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[fish]] in gen., found in Armenian and Baltic: Arm. <b class="b2">ju-kn</b> (with the same enlargement as in <b class="b2">mu-kn</b> : <b class="b3">μῦς</b>), Lith. <b class="b2">žuvìs</b>, gen. pl. <b class="b2">žuv-ų̃</b>, Latv. [[zuvs]]. On the Greek vowelprothesis Schwyzer 413; on the initial consonants ibd. 325, Deroy L'Ant. class. 23, 306ff., Merlingen <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 2, 53; cf. on <b class="b3">ἰκτῖνος</b>, <b class="b3">χθών</b> and <b class="b3">χθές</b>. The long vowel represents a laryngeal. The word is now reconstructed <b class="b2">*dǵhuH-</b>. - Beside the central word <b class="b3">ἰχθῦς-</b> [[jukn]] - <b class="b2">žuvìs</b> there was in the West (Latin, Celtic, Germanic) a different word for [[fish]], Lat. [[piscis]], OIr. [[īasc]], NHG [[Fisch]]. | ||
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Revision as of 12:58, 6 January 2019
English (LSJ)
(so Hdn.Gr.2.936, ἰχθῦς and ἰχθύς freq. in codd.), ύος, ὁ, acc.
A ἰχθύν Pi.Fr.306, cf. Hdn.Gr.1.416, Choerob.in Theod.1.383, in late Poets also ἰχθύα AP9.227 (Bianor), Theoc.21.45: voc. ἰχθύ Erinn. 1, Crates Com.14: pl. ἰχθύες Pl.Phd.109e, etc., ἰχθῦς Alex.261.9, acc. ἰχθύας, contr. ἰχθῦς Od.5.53, both forms being used in Com., -ῦς Ar.Ra.1068, Archipp.29, -ύας Antiph.68.12, Ephipp.21; codd. vary in Arist.HA564b19, PA644a21, D.S.5.3, Str.8.3.19, etc.; -ῦς SIG997.1 (Smyrna, perh. i B.C.); -ύας BGU1123.9 (Aug.), etc.: dual ἰχθῦ Antiph.194.15:—fish, ὠμηστής Il.24.82, cf. 21.122, al., cf. Hes.Op.277, Hdt.2.93,S.Aj.1297,etc.: prov., ἀφωνότερος τῶν ἰχθύων or ἰχθύος ἀφωνότερος or ἄφωνος ὡς ἰχθύς Luc.Gall.1, cf. S.E.M.2.18: metaph., of a stupid fellow, speechless, dumber than fish, magis mutus ipsis piscibus, mutus ipsis piscibus, Plu.2.975b. II in pl., οἱ ἰχθύες the fish-market at Athens, παρὰ τοὺς ἰχθῦς Ar.Ra.1068; ἐν τοῖς ἰχθύσι Id.V.789, Antiph.125.1. III pl., the constellation Pisces, Eudox. ap. Hipparch.1.2.3; ἰ. Διός Porph. Antr.22. (ἱχθύς Att. acc. to Gell.2.3.2.) [ῡ in disyll. cases, nom. -ῡς Il.21.127, Damox.2.20, Archestr.Fr.52 (ἰχθῦς οὖσα shd. be read for ἰχθὺς ἐοῦσα in Matro Conv.35), acc. -ῡν Pherecr.120, Antiph.166.7, Archestr.Fr.28, but -ῠν Theoc.21.49, and apptly. Pi. l.c.: ῠ in trisyll. cases and in all compds.] (Cf. Lith. žuvìs, Arm. jukn, 'fish'.)
Spanish
Frisk Etymological English
-ύος
Grammatical information: m.
Meaning: fish (Il.; on the accent Schwyzer 377f. and Berger Münch. Stud. zur Sprachwiss. 3, 7).
Compounds: Often as 1. member, mostly with added ο, e. g. ἰχθυο-πώλης (Com.) beside ἰχθυ-βόλος (A., AP ; -βολεύς Nic., Call.; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf -ευς 64). As 2. member in ἄν-, εὔ-, πολύ-ϊχθυς (Str.), also πολυ-ΐχθυος (h. Ap. 417; metr. easy).
Derivatives: Diminutivum ἰχθύδιον (Com., pap., prob. from -υ-ΐδιον > -ύδιον; later -υ-; Schwyzer 199 and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 177f.; diff. Chantraine Formation 70). Othe subst.: ἰχθύα, Ion. -ύη dried fish(skin), fishery (medic., pap.); ἰχθυήματα pl. (rarely sg.) fish-scales (Hp.); ἰχθυΐα fishery (Procl.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 41); ἰχθυεῖον fishmarket (Nesos; uncertain); ἰχθυόνερ ἰχθυαγωγοί H.; cf. Schwyzer 487. - Adjectives: ἰχθυόεις rich in fish, consisting of fish (H.; on the formation Debrunner Ἀντίδωρον 28ff.); ἰχθυώδης rich in fish, fish-like (Hdt.); ἰχθυηρός consisting of fish, scaly, polluted (Ar., Ph.; on the unpleasant side Chantraine Formation 233), ἰχθυηρά f. fish-taxes (pap.; Mayser 1 : 3, 96); ἰχθυϊκός regarding fish, fish-like (LXX), -ική fish-toll (Magnesia, Ephesos); ἰχθυακός id. (Aq., Sm., Thd.); ἰχθύϊνος id. (Ael.). - Verbs: ἰχθυάω fish, also intr. behave like a fish (Od.), also ἰχθυάζομαι fish (AP). Cf. the derivv. of ἅλς : ἁλι-εύς, -εύω, -εία etc., which compete with the ἰχθῦς-group.
Origin: IE [Indo-European] [416] *dǵhuH- fish
Etymology: Old word for fish in gen., found in Armenian and Baltic: Arm. ju-kn (with the same enlargement as in mu-kn : μῦς), Lith. žuvìs, gen. pl. žuv-ų̃, Latv. zuvs. On the Greek vowelprothesis Schwyzer 413; on the initial consonants ibd. 325, Deroy L'Ant. class. 23, 306ff., Merlingen Μνήμης χάριν 2, 53; cf. on ἰκτῖνος, χθών and χθές. The long vowel represents a laryngeal. The word is now reconstructed *dǵhuH-. - Beside the central word ἰχθῦς- jukn - žuvìs there was in the West (Latin, Celtic, Germanic) a different word for fish, Lat. piscis, OIr. īasc, NHG Fisch.
