ἔπος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=older ϝέπος <span class="title">SIG</span>9 (v. infr.), etc., εος, τό (Skt. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[vácas]] 'word', 'hymn', cf. [[εἶπον]]): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[word]], <b class="b3">παύρῳ ἔπει</b> in short [[utterance]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 13.98</span>; ἐπέων κόσμος <span class="bibl">Parm.8.52</span>, <span class="bibl">Democr.21</span>; ἔπους σμικροῦ χάριν <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>443</span>; λόγοι ἔπεσι κοσμηθέντες <span class="bibl">Th.3.67</span> : generally, <b class="b2">that which is uttered in words, speech, tale</b>, ἔπος ἐρέειν <span class="bibl">Il.3.83</span>, etc.; φάσθαι <span class="bibl">Xenoph. 7.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Parm.1.23</span>, etc.; joined with [[μῦθος]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.597</span>, <span class="bibl">11.561</span>.—Special uses, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[song]] or [[lay accompanied by music]], <span class="bibl">8.91</span>,<span class="bibl">17.519</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[pledged word]], [[promise]], <span class="bibl">Il.8.8</span>; <b class="b3">τελέσαι ἔπος</b> fulfil, keep [[one's word]], <span class="bibl">14.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1033</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[word in season]], [[counsel]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.216</span>, <span class="bibl">2.807</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.18.166</span>, etc.; freq. in Trag., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>513</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[word of a deity]], [[oracle]], <span class="bibl">Od.12.266</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.13</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[saying]], [[proverb]], τὸ παλαιὸν ἔπος <span class="bibl">Id.7.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>507</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[word]], opp. [[deed]], <b class="b3">ἔπε' ἀκράαντα</b> [[words]] of none effect, opp. [[ἔτυμα]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.565</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>111</span> (lyr.); opp. [[ἔργον]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.234</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.272</span>, etc., cf. <span class="bibl">11.1</span>; αἴτε ϝέπος αἴτε ϝάργον <span class="title">SIG</span>9 (Elis, vi B.C.); opp. [[βίη]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.106</span>; opp. [[χεῖρες]], <span class="bibl">1.77</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[subject of a speech]], [[message]], <span class="bibl">11.652</span>, <span class="bibl">17.701</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 1144</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> later usages, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> joined with [[ἔργον]] or πρᾶγμα <span class="bibl">Heraclit.1</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>174</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>39</span>, etc.; ἔργῳ τε καὶ ἔπει <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>879c</span>; ἅμα ἔπος τε καὶ ἔργον ἐποίεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.134</span>; χρηστὰ ἔργα καὶ ἔπεα ποιέειν <span class="bibl">Id.1.90</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κατ' ἔπος</b> [[word by word]], κατ' ἔ. βασανιεῖν φησι τὰς τραγῳδίας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>802</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">πρὸς ἔπος</b> at [[the first word]], <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Ep.Sat.</span>37</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[word]] in exchange for [[word]], [[ἀμείβεσθαι]], [[ἀποκρίνεσθαι]], of an oracle, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Alex.</span>19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Philops.</span>38</span>; also ἔ. δ' ἀμείβου πρὸς ἔ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 586</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1375</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>217d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">οὐδὲν πρὸς ἔ</b>. to no [[purpose]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>751</span>; also, nothing to [[the purpose]], ἐὰν μηδὲν πρὸς ἔ. ἀποκρίνωμαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>295c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>36</span>; <b class="b3">τί πρὸς ἔπος</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>18d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν</b> [[almost]], [[practically]], qualifying a too absolute expression, esp. with [[πᾶς]] and [[οὐδείς]] (not with metaphors), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span> 78e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>456a</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1009b16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1252b29</span>, <span class="bibl">D.9.47</span>, etc.; opp. [[ὄντως]] or <b class="b3">ἀκριβεῖ λόγῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>656e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>341b</span>; later ὡς ἔ. ἐστὶν εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>67.14</span>(iv A.D.); in Trag., ὡς εἰπεῖν ἔ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>714</span>(troch.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>167</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>1162</span>, once in <span class="bibl">Pl.,<span class="title">Lg.</span>967b</span>(s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἑνὶ ἔπει</b> in one [[word]], [[briefly]], ἑνὶ ἔπεϊ πάντα συλλαβόντα λέγειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.82</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of single [[words]], esp. with ref. to etymology or usage, <span class="bibl">Id.2.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>638</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>339a</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὀρθότης ἐπῶν</b>,=[[ὀρθοέπεια]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 1181</span>; <b class="b3">ἄριστ' ἐπῶν ἔχον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1161</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> in plural, [[epic poetry]], opp. [[μέλη]] (lyric poetry), [[ἰαμβεῖα]], [[διθύραμβοι]], etc., ῥαπτῶν ἐπέων ἀοιδοί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>2.2</span>; τὰ Κύπρια ἔπεα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.117</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.3</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>379a</span>, etc.; ἔπεά τε ποιεῖν πρὸς λύραν τ' ἀείδειν <span class="bibl">Theoc.<span class="title">Ep.</span>21.6</span>; νικήσας ἔπος <span class="title">IG</span>3.1020; <b class="b3">ποητὴς ἐπῶν</b> ib.7.3197.9 (Orchom. Boeot.), cf. <span class="title">OGI</span>51.37 (Egypt, iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> generally, [[poetry]], even lyrics, <span class="bibl">Alcm.25</span>(prob.), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.8</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[lines]], [[verses]], especially of spoken [[lines]] in the drama, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>862</span>, <span class="bibl">956</span>, etc. : sg., [[verse]], [[line]] of poetry, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Min.</span> 319d</span>; [[group of verses]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>386c</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.143</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[lines]] of writing, μυρίων ἐπῶν μῆκος <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.136</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ὅλοις ἑπτὰ ἔπεσι παραδραμεῖν</b>, of a historian, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>28</span>.</span>