ἐπί: Difference between revisions

|mdlsjtxt=<br />[[Perseus]]. on, [[upon]] with [[genitive]], dat., and acc.<br />prep. with [[genitive]], dat., and acc.: Radic. signf. [[upon]].<br />A. <colloc>WITH GEN.</colloc>:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[place]],<br /><b class="num">1.</b> with Verbs of Rest, [[upon]] or on, κεῖσθαι ἐπὶ χθονός Il.; ἐφ' ἵππου on [[horse]]-[[back]], etc.; ἐπὶ γῆς [[upon]] [[earth]], Soph.; ἐπ' ἀγροῦ in the [[country]], Od.; also at or near, ἐπὶ Λήμνου off [[Lemnos]], Hdt., etc.:—with Verbs of [[motion]], the [[sense]] is [[pregnant]], ἐπ' ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν drew the [[ship]] [[upon]] the [[land]] and [[left]] it [[there]], Il., etc.; ἀναβῆναι ἐπὶ τῶν πύργων Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> not [[strictly]] of [[place]], μένειν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς to [[remain]] in the [[command]], Xen.; ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων [[engaged]] in [[business]], Dem.: —of ships, ὁρμεῖν ἐπ' ἀγκύρας to [[ride]] at (i. e. in [[dependence]] on an) [[anchor]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with the [[person]]. and reflex. Pron., ἐφ' [[ὑμείων]] by yourselves, Il.; ἐφ' [[αὑτοῦ]] by [[himself]], Thuc.; αὐτὸς ἐφ' [[ἑαυτοῦ]] Xen.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> with numerals, to [[denote]] the [[depth]] of a [[body]] of soldiers, ἐπὶ τεττάρων [[four]] [[deep]], Xen.; ἐπ' ὀλίγων i. e. in a [[long]] [[thin]] [[file]], Xen.; ἐφ' [[ἑνός]] in [[single]] [[file]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> c.gen. pers. [[before]], in [[presence]] of, Lat. [[coram]], ἐπὶ πάντων Dem.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> with Verbs of observing, in, ὁρᾶν τι ἐπί τινος Xen.<br /><b class="num">7.</b> of [[motion]] [[towards]], προτρέποντο ἐπὶ [[νηῶν]] Il.; [[πλεῖν]] ἐπὶ Χίου to [[sail]] for [[Chios]], Hdt.; ἡ ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνος [[ὁδός]] the [[road]] [[leading]] to B., Xen.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[time]], in the [[time]] of, ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνθρώπων Il.; ἐπὶ Κύρου Hdt.; ἐπ' [[ἐμοῦ]] in my [[time]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> in [[various]] Causal senses:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> [[over]], of persons in [[authority]], ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ὁπλιτῶν, ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ἱππέων Dem.; ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς διοικήσεως the [[paymaster]], Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> κεκλῆσθαι ἐπί τινος to be called [[after]] him, Hdt.; ἡ ἐπ' Ἀνταλκίδου [[εἰρήνη]] καλουμένη Xen.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of occasions, and the like, ἐπὶ πάντων on all occasions, Dem.; so in phrases [[which]] became adverbial, ἐπ' ἴσης (''[[sc.]]'' μοίρασ) [[equally]], Soph.<br />B. WITH DAT.:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[place]], [[upon]], ἕξεσθαι ἐπὶ δίφρῳ Il.:—with Verbs of Motion, Il.; in [[pregnant]] [[construction]], πέτονται ἐπ' ἄνθεσιν fly on to the flowers and [[settle]] [[there]], Il.:— at or near, ἐπὶ θύρῃσι Il.:— on or [[over]], ἐπ' Ἰφιδάμαντι [[over]] the [[body]] of Iphidamas, Il.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> in [[hostile]] [[sense]], [[against]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[towards]], in [[reference]] to, ἐπὶ πᾶσι Il.; νόμον τίθεσθαι ἐπί τινι to make a law for his [[case]], [[whether]] for or [[against]], Plat.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> of [[accumulation]], [[upon]], [[after]], [[ὄγχνη]] ἐπ' ὄγχνῃ one [[pear]] [[after]] [[another]], Od.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> in [[addition]] to, ἐπὶ τοῖσι [[besides]], ἐπὶ τούτοις [[Attic]]<br /><b class="num">6.</b> of [[position]], [[after]], [[behind]], of soldiers, Xen.<br /><b class="num">7.</b> in [[dependence]] [[upon]], in the [[power]] of, Lat. [[penes]], ἐπί τινί ἐστι 'tis in his [[power]] to do, c. inf., Hdt.; τὸ ἐπ' [[ἐμοί]] as far as is in my [[power]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">8.</b> of [[condition]] or circumstances, Il., etc.; ἐπὶ τῷ παρόντι Thuc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[time]], ἐπὶ νυκτί by [[night]], Il.; αἰεὶ ἐπ' ἤματι [[every]] day, Od.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[after]], ἕκτῃ ἐπὶ δεκάτῃ or τῇ ἕκτῃ ἐπὶ [[δέκα]], on the 16th of the [[month]], ap. Dem.; τὰ ἐπὶ τούτοις, Lat. [[quod]] [[superest]], Thuc.; τοὐπὶ [[τῷδε]] Eur.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> in [[various]] Causal senses:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of the [[occasion]] or [[cause]], ἐπὶ σοί for thee, Il.; [[μέγα]] φρονεῖν ἐπί τινι to be [[proud]] at or of a [[thing]], Plat.; ἀγανακτεῖν ἐπί τινι Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of an end or [[purpose]], ἐπὶ δόρπῳ for [[supper]], Od.; ἐπὶ κακῷ for [[mischief]], Hdt.; [[δῆσαι]] ἐπὶ θανάτῳ Hdt., Xen.; ἐπ' ἐξαγωγῇ for [[exportation]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of the [[condition]] [[upon]] [[which]] a [[thing]] is done, ἐπὶ τούτοις on these terms, Hdt.; ἐφ' ᾧ or ἐφ' ᾧτε on [[condition]] that, Hdt.; ἐπὶ οὐδενί on no [[account]], Hdt.; ἐπ' ἴσῃ καὶ ὁμοίᾳ on [[fair]] and [[equal]] terms, Thuc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> of [[price]], [[ἔργον]] τελέσαι μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ δώρῳ Il.; ἐπὶ πόσῳ; Plat.; ἐπ' ἀργυρίῳ Dem.; of the [[interest]] payable on [[money]], δανείζεσθαι ἐπὶ τοῖς μεγάλοις τόκοις Dem.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> κεκλῆσθαι ἐπί τινι to be called [[after]], Plat.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> of persons in [[authority]], ἐπὶ βουσίν [[over]] the kine, Od.; ἐπὶ ταῖς ναυσίν Xen.; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν Dem.<br />C. WITH ACC.:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[place]], [[upon]] or on to a [[height]], ἐπὶ πύργον ἔβη Il.; [[προελθεῖν]] ἐπὶ τὸ [[βῆμα]] Thuc.; ἀναβαίνειν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον Xen.: [[simply]] to, ἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ [[νῆας]] Il., etc.:—metaph., ἐπὶ ἔργα τρέπεσθαι Il.; ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν ὀφείλειν to owe to the [[bank]], Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> up to, as far as, ἐπὶ θάλασσαν Thuc.:—in measurements, [[πλέον]] ἢ ἐπὶ δύο στάδια Xen.; with a neut. adj., [[ὅσον]] τ' ἔπι as far as, Il.; ἐπὶ πᾶν [[ἐλθεῖν]] Xen.; ἐπὶ σμικρόν, a [[little]] way, a [[little]], Soph.; ἐπ' [[ἔλαττον]], ἐπ' ἐλάχιστον Plat., etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> ἐπὶ [[πλέον]] [[still]] [[more]], Hdt.; [[before]], Lat. [[coram]], [[ἦγον]] αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὰ κοινά Hdt.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> in Military phrases, ἐπ' ἀσπίδας [[πέντε]] καὶ [[εἴκοσιν]], i. e. 25 in [[file]], Thuc.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> [[towards]], to, ἐπὶ [[δεξιά]], ἐπ' [[ἀριστερά]] Hom., etc.:—also in Military phrases, ἐπὶ [[δόρυ]] ἀναστρέψαι, ἐπὶ ἀσπίδα μεταβαλέσθαι, to the [[spear]] or [[shield]] [[side]], i. e. to [[right]] or [[left]], Xen.; ἐπὶ [[πόδα]] ἀναχωρεῖν to [[retire]] on the [[foot]], i. e. [[facing]] the [[enemy]], Xen.; ἐπὶ τὸ [[μεῖζον]], with [[exaggeration]], Thuc.; ἐπὶ τὰ γελοιότερα so as to [[provoke]] [[laughter]], Plat.<br /><b class="num">6.</b> in [[hostile]] [[sense]], [[against]], Il., etc.<br /><b class="num">7.</b> of [[extension]] [[over]] a [[space]], ἐπ' [[ἐννέα]] κεῖτο πέλεθρα [[over]] [[nine]] acres he lay stretched, Il.; ἐπὶ [[πολύ]] [[over]] a [[large]] [[space]], Thuc.:—so in [[many]] cases, [[where]] we say on, [[rather]] [[than]] [[over]], [[δράκων]] ἐπὶ νῶτα [[δαφοινός]] Il.; ἵππους ἐπὶ [[νῶτον]] ἐΐσας Il.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[time]], for or [[during]] a [[certain]] [[time]], πολλὸν ἐπὶ χρόνον Il.; ἐπὶ [[δέκα]] ἔτη Thuc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> up to or [[till]] a [[certain]] [[time]], ἐπ' ἠῶ καὶ [[μέσον]] [[ἦμαρ]] Od.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> in [[various]] Causal senses:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> of the [[object]] or [[purpose]] for [[which]] one goes, ἐπὶ Τυδῆ for (i. e. to [[bring]]) [[tidings]] of [[Tydeus]], Il.; [[ἐλθεῖν]] ἐπ' [[ἀργύριον]] Xen.:—with neut. Pron., ἐπὶ [[τοῦτο]] [[ἐλθεῖν]] for [[this]] [[purpose]], Xen.; ἐπὶ τί; to [[what]] end? Lat. [[quorsum]]? Ar.; ἐπὶ τόκον for (i. e. to [[gain]]) [[interest]], Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> as regards, τοὐπ' ἐμέ, [[τοὐπί]] σε Eur.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of persons set [[over]] others, ἐπὶ τοὺς πεζοὺς καθιστάναι ἄρχοντα Xen.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> according to, by, ἐπὶ στάθμην by the [[rule]], Od.<br />D. POSITION:— ἐπί may [[follow]] its [[case]], [[when]] it becomes ἔπι by [[anastrophe]].<br />E. ABSOL., ἐπί without [[anastrophe]], esp. ἐπὶ δέ, and [[besides]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> ἔπι, for ἔπεστι, 'tis [[here]], Hom.<br />F. IN COMPOS.:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of [[place]], denoting Rest [[upon]], as in [[ἐπίκειμαι]], or Motion, [[upon]] or [[over]], as in [[ἐπιβαίνω]]; to or [[towards]], as in [[ἐπαρίστερος]], [[ἐπιδέξιος]]; [[against]], as in [[ἐπαΐσσω]], [[ἐπιστρατεύω]]; up to a [[point]], as in [[ἐπιτελέω]]; [[over]] or [[beyond]] boundaries, as in ἐπινέμομαι, [[ἐπεργασία]].<br /><b class="num">2.</b> Extension [[over]] a [[surface]], as in [[ἐπαλείφω]], [[ἐπάργυρος]], [[ἐπίχρυσος]].<br /><b class="num">3.</b> Accumulation or [[addition]], as in [[ἐπιβάλλω]], [[ἐπίκτητος]].<br /><b class="num">4.</b> Accompaniment, to, with, as in [[ἐπᾴδω]], [[ἐπαυλέω]].<br /><b class="num">5.</b> Interest, [[ἐπίτριτος]] one and 1/3 [[more]], 1+1/3, Lat. [[sesquitertius]]; so [[ἐπιτέταρτος]], etc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[time]] and Sequence, [[after]], as in [[ἐπιγίγνομαι]].<br /><b class="num">III.</b> in Causal senses, of Superiority [[felt]] [[over]] or at, as in [[ἐπιχαίρω]], [[ἐπιγελάω]]; of Authority, [[over]], as in [[ἐπικρατέω]], ἐπιβούκολος; of Motive, for, as in [[ἐπιθυμέω]], [[ἐπιθάνατος]]; to [[give]] [[force]] or [[intensity]] to the Verb, as in [[ἐπαινέω]], [[ἐπιμέμφομαι]].