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γάλα: Difference between revisions
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|Transliteration C=gala | |Transliteration C=gala | ||
|Beta Code=ga/la | |Beta Code=ga/la | ||
|Definition=τό, gen. [[γάλακτος]] (also [[γάλακος]], dat.<br><span class="bld">A</span> γάλακι Call.''Hec.'' 1.4.4, prob. in Pherecr.108.18, cf. ''An.Ox.''4.338), also <b class="b3">τοῦ γάλα</b> indecl., Pl.Com.238: dat. pl. γάλαξι Pl.''Lg.''887d. (For <b class="b3">γλακτ-</b>, cf. Lat. [[lac]] for glact):—[[milk]], ἀμελγόμενοι γ. λευκόν Il.4.434, cf. Od.4.88, etc.; <b class="b3">εὔποτον γάλα, εὐτραφὲς γάλα</b>, A.''Pers.''611, ''Ch.''898; <b class="b3">ἐν γάλακτι ὤν, τεθραμμένη</b>, at the [[breast]], E.''HF''1266, Pl.''Ti.''81c; <b class="b3">ἐν γάλαξι τρέφεσθαι</b> Id.''Lg.''l.c. (so metaph., <b class="b3">ἐν σπαργάνοις καὶ γάλαξιν εἶναι</b>, of art, Ael.''VH'' 8.8); διδόναι γάλα X.''Cyn.''7.4; <b class="b3">ἐμπλῆσαι γάλακτος</b> to fill full of [[milk]], Theoc.24.3: metaph., οἶνος, Ἀφροδίτης γάλα Ar.''Fr.''596.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὀρνίθων γάλα]] ([[ὄρνιθος γάλα]] = [[ὀρνιθόγαλον]], Nic.''Fr.''71.5, Dsc.2.144), [[proverb|prov.]] of rare and [[dainty]] things, Ar.''V.''508, ''Av.''734, Mcn.936; τὸ λεγόμενον, σπανιώτατον πάρεστιν ὀρνίθων γάλα Mnesim.9, cf. Ach. Tat.''Intr.Arat.'' 4 (expld. by Anaxag.22 as [[white of egg]], cf. Sch.Luc.''Merc.Cond.'' 13).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἀγαθὸν γάλα]] a [[good]] [[wet nurse]], Call.''Epigr.''51; <b class="b3">οὐδ' εἰ γ. λαγοῦ</b> εἶχον… καὶ ταὧς, κατήσθιον Alex.123.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[milky sap]] of plants, Thphr.''HP''6.3.4, etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[the milky way]], Parm.11, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]'' 345a12, Arat.476; but ὁ τοῦ γάλακτος κύκλος Euc.''Phaen.''p.4M., Gem.5.69. | |Definition=τό, gen. [[γάλακτος]] (also [[γάλακος]], dat.<br><span class="bld">A</span> γάλακι Call.''Hec.'' 1.4.4, prob. in Pherecr.108.18, cf. ''An.Ox.''4.338), also <b class="b3">τοῦ γάλα</b> indecl., Pl.Com.238: dat. pl. γάλαξι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''887d. (For <b class="b3">γλακτ-</b>, cf. Lat. [[lac]] for glact):—[[milk]], ἀμελγόμενοι γ. λευκόν Il.4.434, cf. Od.4.88, etc.; <b class="b3">εὔποτον γάλα, εὐτραφὲς γάλα</b>, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''611, ''Ch.''898; <b class="b3">ἐν γάλακτι ὤν, τεθραμμένη</b>, at the [[breast]], E.''HF''1266, Pl.''Ti.''81c; <b class="b3">ἐν γάλαξι τρέφεσθαι</b> Id.''Lg.''l.c. (so metaph., <b class="b3">ἐν σπαργάνοις καὶ γάλαξιν εἶναι</b>, of art, Ael.''VH'' 8.8); διδόναι γάλα [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cynegeticus|Cyn.]]''7.4; <b class="b3">ἐμπλῆσαι γάλακτος</b> to fill full of [[milk]], Theoc.24.3: metaph., οἶνος, Ἀφροδίτης γάλα Ar.''Fr.''596.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὀρνίθων γάλα]] ([[ὄρνιθος γάλα]] = [[ὀρνιθόγαλον]], Nic.''Fr.''71.5, Dsc.2.144), [[proverb|prov.]] of rare and [[dainty]] things, Ar.''V.''508, ''Av.''734, Mcn.936; τὸ λεγόμενον, σπανιώτατον πάρεστιν ὀρνίθων γάλα Mnesim.9, cf. Ach. Tat.''Intr.Arat.'' 4 (expld. by Anaxag.22 as [[white of egg]], cf. Sch.Luc.''Merc.Cond.'' 13).<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἀγαθὸν γάλα]] a [[good]] [[wet nurse]], Call.''Epigr.''51; <b class="b3">οὐδ' εἰ γ. λαγοῦ</b> εἶχον… καὶ ταὧς, κατήσθιον Alex.123.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[milky sap]] of plants, Thphr.''HP''6.3.4, etc.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[the milky way]], Parm.11, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]'' 345a12, Arat.476; but ὁ τοῦ γάλακτος κύκλος Euc.''Phaen.''p.4M., Gem.5.69. | ||
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{{etym | {{etym | ||
|etymtx=γάλακτος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[milk]] (Il.);<br />Other forms: Rare forms dat. [[γάλακι]] (Call. Hek. 1, 4, 4), gen. [[γάλατος]] (Pap.), <b class="b3">τοῦ γάλα</b> (Pl. Com.). - Also [[γλάγος]] n. (Β 471). Other forms: <b class="b3">γλακῶντες μεστοὶ γάλακτος</b> H.; <b class="b3">κλάγος γάλα</b>. [[Κρῆτες]] H. (s. below); with hypocoristic gemination <b class="b3">γλακκόν γαλαθηνόν</b> H.; and <b class="b3">γλακτο-φάγος</b> (Il.); these forms may be due to simple assimilations (or metathesis).<br />Compounds: Old is <b class="b3">γαλα-θη-νός</b> [[sucking milk]] (Od.) from [[γάλα]] and [[θῆσθαι]]; on the suffix cf. [[ἀγανός]] etc. (Schwyzer 452), also [[τιθήνη]]. <b class="b3">γαλακτο-πότης</b> (Hdt.) etc. On [[γάλα]] as second member Sommer Nominalkomp. 83.<br />Derivatives: [[γαλακτίς]] ([[πέτρα]]) name of a stone (Orph.) = [[γαλακτίτης]] (Dsc.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 53), both also plant names = [[τιθύμαλλος]] (Aët., Gloss.; from the juice, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58, Redard 70); [[γάλαξ]] name of a white shellfish (Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 109; cf Chantr. Form. 379); [[γάλιον]] s. v. - Adj.: [[γαλακτώδης]] (Arist.) - Denom. verbs: [[γαλακτίζω]], [[γαλακτόομαι]], [[γαλακτιάω]]. - With [[ξ]] (from [[τ]] assibilated before [[ι]]?) [[γαλαξίας]] ([[κύκλος]]) [[Milky Way]] (D. S.; s. Chantr. 95; also [[γαλακτίας]] Ptol.); [[γαλάξια]] n. pl. name of a Cybele feast (inscr., Thphr.), from which [[Γαλαξιών]] months name on Delos (Inschr. IIIa). - Independent <b class="b3">γαλατμόν λάχανον ἄγριον</b> H. (cf. [[γάλιον]]); perhaps from <b class="b3">*γαλακτ-μόν</b> (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58); Fur. 374, 389 compares [[ἀδαλτόμον]]. - [[γάλαγγα]] [[sub verbo|s.v.]] - From [[γλάγος]] late [[γλαγερός]], [[γλαγόεις]]; also [[περιγλαγής]] (Π 642) and [[γλαγάω]] (AP). -<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [400] <b class="b2">*glkt(-)</b> [[milk]]<br />Etymology: Outside Geek only in Lat. [[lac]]. - The basis of the Greek forms is <b class="b2">*galakt-</b> or <b class="b2">*glakt-</b> seen in <b class="b3">γλακτο-φάγος</b> (Ν 6); but the latter can be a simple syncope; Latin also points to <b class="b2">*glakt</b>. From <b class="b2">*galakt</b>, with loss of the final consonants and development of sec. vowel in nom.-acc.-form (cf. on [[γυνή]]) [[γάλα]], and analogical [[γάλακτος]]. - J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 179 assumed that the [[-t]] originally occurred only in the nom.-acc, as in Skt. <b class="b2">yákr̥-t</b> (s. [[ἧπαρ]]). As the nom. lost its final consonants (<b class="b2">*galakt</b> > <b class="b2">*galak</b> > [[γάλα]]), the intermediate stage could have given the [[t-]]less forms. The Armenian forms, class. <b class="b2">kat`n</b>, dial. <b class="b2">kaxc`</b> have been explained by Kortlandt, following Weitenberg, (*through an intermediate <b class="b2">*kaɫt`-</b> with [[al]] < <b class="b2">*l̥</b> ) from <b class="b2">*gl̥kt-m</b>, <b class="b2">*gl̥kt-s</b> resp. (Rev. Et. Arm. XIX (1985) 22). - From Lat. [[lac]] MIr. [[lacht]] etc. Szemerényi's proposal (KZ 75, 1958, 17--184), from <b class="b2">*mlg/k</b> from the root of [[ἀμέλγω]], is impossible (as this root was <b class="b2">*h₂melǵ-</b>). - Old Chin. [[lak]] [[Kumys]] in first instance a nordasiatic (turkish) LW [loanword], cf. Turk. dial. [[raky]], [[araky]]; from where Arab. [[araq]], Japan. [[sake]] etc., s. Karlgren DLZ 1926, 1960f. - Vgl. Schwyzer IF 30, 438ff., Kretschmer Glotta 6, 305, Ernout-Meillet s. [[lac]], Buck Synonyms 385 - Not here Hitt. [[galaktar]] <b class="b2">Besänftigung</b>, s. Tischler HEW. | |etymtx=γάλακτος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[milk]] (Il.);<br />Other forms: Rare forms dat. [[γάλακι]] (Call. Hek. 1, 4, 4), gen. [[γάλατος]] (Pap.), <b class="b3">τοῦ γάλα</b> (Pl. Com.). - Also [[γλάγος]] n. (Β 471). Other forms: <b class="b3">γλακῶντες μεστοὶ γάλακτος</b> H.; <b class="b3">κλάγος γάλα</b>. [[Κρῆτες]] H. (s. below); with hypocoristic gemination <b class="b3">γλακκόν γαλαθηνόν</b> H.; and <b class="b3">γλακτο-φάγος</b> (Il.); these forms may be due to simple assimilations (or metathesis).<br />Compounds: Old is <b class="b3">γαλα-θη-νός</b> [[sucking milk]] (Od.) from [[γάλα]] and [[θῆσθαι]]; on the suffix cf. [[ἀγανός]] etc. (Schwyzer 452), also [[τιθήνη]]. <b class="b3">γαλακτο-πότης</b> (Hdt.) etc. On [[γάλα]] as second member Sommer Nominalkomp. 83.<br />Derivatives: [[γαλακτίς]] ([[πέτρα]]) name of a stone (Orph.) = [[γαλακτίτης]] (Dsc.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 53), both also plant names = [[τιθύμαλλος]] (Aët., Gloss.; from the juice, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58, Redard 70); [[γάλαξ]] name of a white shellfish (Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 109; cf Chantr. Form. 379); [[γάλιον]] s. v. - Adj.: [[γαλακτώδης]] (Arist.) - Denom. verbs: [[γαλακτίζω]], [[γαλακτόομαι]], [[γαλακτιάω]]. - With [[ξ]] (from [[τ]] assibilated before [[ι]]?) [[γαλαξίας]] ([[κύκλος]]) [[Milky Way]] (D. S.; s. Chantr. 95; also [[γαλακτίας]] Ptol.); [[γαλάξια]] n. pl. name of a Cybele feast (inscr., Thphr.), from which [[Γαλαξιών]] months name on Delos (Inschr. IIIa). - Independent <b class="b3">γαλατμόν λάχανον ἄγριον</b> H. (cf. [[γάλιον]]); perhaps from <b class="b3">*γαλακτ-μόν</b> (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58); Fur. 374, 389 compares [[ἀδαλτόμον]]. - [[γάλαγγα]] [[sub verbo|s.v.]] - From [[γλάγος]] late [[γλαγερός]], [[γλαγόεις]]; also [[περιγλαγής]] (Π 642) and [[γλαγάω]] (AP). -<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [400] <b class="b2">*glkt(-)</b> [[milk]]<br />Etymology: Outside Geek only in Lat. [[lac]]. - The basis of the Greek forms is <b class="b2">*galakt-</b> or <b class="b2">*glakt-</b> seen in <b class="b3">γλακτο-φάγος</b> (Ν 6); but the latter can be a simple syncope; Latin also points to <b class="b2">*glakt</b>. From <b class="b2">*galakt</b>, with loss of the final consonants and development of sec. vowel in nom.-acc.-form (cf. on [[γυνή]]) [[γάλα]], and analogical [[γάλακτος]]. - J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 179 assumed that the [[-t]] originally occurred only in the nom.-acc, as in Skt. <b class="b2">yákr̥-t</b> (s. [[ἧπαρ]]). As the nom. lost its final consonants (<b class="b2">*galakt</b> > <b class="b2">*galak</b> > [[γάλα]]), the intermediate stage could have given the [[t-]]less forms. The Armenian forms, class. <b class="b2">kat`n</b>, dial. <b class="b2">kaxc`</b> have been explained by Kortlandt, following Weitenberg, (*through an intermediate <b class="b2">*kaɫt`-</b> with [[al]] < <b class="b2">*l̥</b>) from <b class="b2">*gl̥kt-m</b>, <b class="b2">*gl̥kt-s</b> resp. (Rev. Et. Arm. XIX (1985) 22). - From Lat. [[lac]] MIr. [[lacht]] etc. Szemerényi's proposal (KZ 75, 1958, 17--184), from <b class="b2">*mlg/k</b> from the root of [[ἀμέλγω]], is impossible (as this root was <b class="b2">*h₂melǵ-</b>). - Old Chin. [[lak]] [[Kumys]] in first instance a nordasiatic (turkish) LW [loanword], cf. Turk. dial. [[raky]], [[araky]]; from where Arab. [[araq]], Japan. [[sake]] etc., s. Karlgren DLZ 1926, 1960f. - Vgl. Schwyzer IF 30, 438ff., Kretschmer Glotta 6, 305, Ernout-Meillet s. [[lac]], Buck Synonyms 385 - Not here Hitt. [[galaktar]] <b class="b2">Besänftigung</b>, s. Tischler HEW. | ||
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{{mdlsj | {{mdlsj | ||
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{{trml | {{trml | ||
|trtx====[[milk]]=== | |trtx====[[milk]]=== | ||
Abkhaz: ахш; Achang Ngochang: nauh; Adyghe: щэ; Afar: can; Afrikaans: melk; Aguaruna: munȼu; Ainu: トペ; Aklanon: gatas; Albanian: qumësht, tambël; Arbëreshë Albanian: klëmsh; Amharic: ወተት; Arabic: حَلِيب, لَبَن; Egyptian Arabic: لبن; Gulf Arabic: حليب; Hijazi Arabic: حليب; Moroccan Arabic: حليب; North Levantine Arabic: حليب; South Levantine Arabic: حليب; Aragonese: leit, let; Aramaic Classical Syriac: ܚܠܒܐ; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: חַלְבָּא; Arapaho: beθéneč; Armenian: կաթ; Aromanian: lapte; Assamese: গাখীৰ; Asturian: lleche, tsechi; Atikamekw: tcotcocanapo; Avar: рахь; Awadhi: दूध; Aymara: millk'i; Azerbaijani: süd; Bakhtiari: شیر; Baluchi: شیر; Bambara: nɔnɔ; Banyumasan: susu; Bashkir: һөт; Basque: esne; Bats: შურ; Bavarian: Mille, Muich; Belarusian: малако; Bengali: দুধ; Bikol Central: gatas; Bislama: susu; Brahui: palle; Breton: laezh; Bulgarian: мляко; Burmese: နို့; Buryat: һүн; Carpathian Rusyn: молоко; Catalan: llet; Cebuano: gatas, letse; Chamicuro: tensa; Chechen: шура; Cherokee: ᎤᏅᏗ; Cheyenne: matana; Chichewa: mkaka; Chinese Cantonese: 奶, 乳; Dungan: нэзы; Mandarin: 奶, 乳, 乳汁, 牛乳; Min Nan: 奶; Wu: 乳, 奶; Chukchi: лывээръын; Chuukese: minik; Chuvash: сӗт; Classical Nahuatl: chīchīhualāyōtl; Coptic Bohairic: ⲉⲣⲱϯ; Sahidic: ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉ; Cornish: leth; Corsican: latti; Cree: ᒎᒎᔑᓈᐴ; Crimean Tatar: süt; Czech: mléko; Danish: mælk; Dargwa: ниъ; Dhivehi: ކިރު; Dogrib: ejietʼò; Dutch: [[melk]]; Dzongkha: འོ་མ; Elfdalian: mjok; Erzya: ловсо; Esperanto: lakto; Estonian: piim; Even: өкэнь; Evenki: укумни; Ewe: notsi; Extremaduran: lechi; Faroese: mjólk; Fataluku: ami; Finnish: maito; French: [[lait]]; Friulian: lat; Fulani: kosam; Gagauz: süt; Galician: leite; Garhwali: दूद; Ge'ez: ሐሊብ; Georgian: რძე; German: [[Milch]]; Alemannic German: Milch; Pennsylvania German: Millich; Gilbertese: miriki; Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃; Greek: [[γάλα]]; Ancient Greek: [[γάλα]]; Greenlandic: immuk; Guaraní: kamby; Guinea-Bissau Creole: liti; Gujarati: દૂધ; Haitian Creole: lèt; Hausa: madara, nono; Hawaiian: waiū; Hebrew: חָלָב; Hindi: दूध, शीर; Hungarian: tej; Icelandic: mjólk; Ido: lakto; Indonesian: susu; Ingrian: maito; Ingush: шура; Interlingua: lacte; Inuktitut: ᐃᒻᒧᒃ; Inupiaq: immuk; Irish: bainne; Old Irish: lacht, bainne; Isnag: xatta; Italian: [[latte]]; Japanese: 乳, 乳汁, ミルク, 牛乳; Javanese: susu; Jingpho: chyu; Jumjum: aak; Kabardian: шэ; Kalmyk: үсн; Kambaata: ado; Kannada: ಹಾಲು; Kanuri: câm; Karachay-Balkar: сют; Karelian: maido; Kashmiri: دۄد, द्वद; Kashubian: mlékò; Kazakh: сүт; Ket: mamul; Khakas: сӱт; Khmer: ទឹកដោះ, ទឹកដោះគោ; Kikuyu: iria; Komi-Permyak: йӧв; Konkani: दूद; Korean: 젖, 유즙(乳汁), 밀크, 우유(牛乳); Kurdish Central Kurdish: شیر; Northern Kurdish: şîr; Kyrgyz: сүт; Laboya: huhhu; Ladakhi: འོ་མ; Ladino: leche; Lahnda: ਦੁੱਧ; Lakota: asáŋpi; Lao: ນ້ຳນົມ, ນົມ; Latgalian: pīns; Latin: [[lac]]; Latvian: piens; Laz: ბჯა; Lezgi: нек; Lhao Vo: nug', nung: nug'; Ligurian: læte; Limburgish: mèlk; Lingala: míliki; Lithuanian: pienas; Livonian: sēmḑa; Lombard: latt, lacc; Low German Dutch Low Saxon: melk; German Low German: Melk; Lü: ᦓᧄᧉᦓᦳᧄᧉ, ᦓᧄᧉᦓᦳᧄᧉᦷᦣ; Luxembourgish: Mëllech; Macedonian: млеко; Maguindanao: gatas; Makasae: amirae; Malay: susu; Malayalam: പാൽ; Maltese: ħalib; Manchu: ᠰᡠᠨ; Manx: bainney; Maori: waiū, miraka; Maranao: gatas; Marathi: दूध; Mari Eastern Mari: шӧр; Western Maricopa: ma; Minangkabau: dadiah; Mingrelian: ბჟა; Mirandese: lheite; Mòcheno: milch; Moksha: лофца; Mon: ဍာ်တှ်; Mongolian Cyrillic: сүү; Mongolian: ᠰᠦᠨ, ᠰᠦ᠋; Moroccan Amazigh: ⴰⵛⴼⴼⴰⵢ, ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ, ⴰⵖⵖⵓ, ⴰⵖⵓ; Mwani: masiwa; Navajo: abeʼ; Neapolitan: latte; Nepali: दुध, दूध; Newar: दुरु; Ngarrindjeri: ngumperi; Norman: lait; Norn: likk; North Frisian: molke; Norwegian Bokmål: melk, mjølk; Nynorsk: mjølk; Occitan: lach, lait; Odia: କ୍ଷୀର, ଦୁଧ; Ojibwe: doodooshaaboo; Okinawan: うしぬちー; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: млѣко; Glagolitic: ⰿⰾⱑⰽⱁ; Old East Slavic: молоко; Old English: meolc; Old Portuguese: leite, leyte; Old Prussian: daddan; Old Tupi: kamby; Oromo: aannan; Osage: paazénii; Ossetian: ӕхсыр; Ottoman Turkish: سوت, حلیب, لبن, شیر; Pali: duddha, khīra; Pashto: شيدې; Persian Dari: شِیر; Iranian Persian: شیر; Phoenician: 𐤇𐤋𐤁; Piedmontese: làit; Pirahã: xíbogi; Pitjantjatjara: ipi, milka; Plautdietsch: Malkj; Polabian: mlåkă; Polish: mleko; Portuguese: [[leite]]; Punjabi: ਦੁੱਧ; Quechua: wilali; Rohingya: dut; Romagnol: làt, lat; Romani: thud; Romanian: lapte; Romansch: latg, lat; Russian: [[молоко]]; Rwanda-Rundi: amata; Saho: xan; Sami Inari Sami: mielkki; Kildin Sami: ма̄ййт; Northern Sami: mielki; Skolt Sami: mieˊlǩǩ; Samoan: susu; Samogitian: pėins; Sanskrit: दुग्ध, क्षीर, पायस; Santali: ᱛᱳᱚ; Sardinian: late, lati; Saterland Frisian: Molk; Scots: milk; Scottish Gaelic: bainne; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: млеко, млијеко, млико; Roman: mléko, mlijéko, mlíko; Shan: ၼမ်ႉၼူမ်း; Sherpa: འོ་མ; Shona: mukaka; Shor: сӱт; Sicilian: latti; Sidamo: ado; Sindhi: شير; Sinhalese: කිරි; Slovak: mlieko; Slovene: mleko; Somali: caano; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: mloko; Upper Sorbian: mloko; Sotho: lebese; Southern Altai: сӱт; | Abkhaz: ахш; Achang Ngochang: nauh; Adyghe: щэ; Afar: can; Afrikaans: melk; Aguaruna: munȼu; Ainu: トペ; Aklanon: gatas; Albanian: qumësht, tambël; Arbëreshë Albanian: klëmsh; Amharic: ወተት; Arabic: حَلِيب, لَبَن; Egyptian Arabic: لبن; Gulf Arabic: حليب; Hijazi Arabic: حليب; Moroccan Arabic: حليب; North Levantine Arabic: حليب; South Levantine Arabic: حليب; Aragonese: leit, let; Aramaic Classical Syriac: ܚܠܒܐ; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: חַלְבָּא; Arapaho: beθéneč; Armenian: կաթ; Aromanian: lapte; Assamese: গাখীৰ; Asturian: lleche, tsechi; Atikamekw: tcotcocanapo; Avar: рахь; Awadhi: दूध; Aymara: millk'i; Azerbaijani: süd; Bakhtiari: شیر; Baluchi: شیر; Bambara: nɔnɔ; Banyumasan: susu; Bashkir: һөт; Basque: esne; Bats: შურ; Bavarian: Mille, Muich; Belarusian: малако; Bengali: দুধ; Bikol Central: gatas; Bislama: susu; Brahui: palle; Breton: laezh; Bulgarian: мляко; Burmese: နို့; Buryat: һүн; Carpathian Rusyn: молоко; Catalan: llet; Cebuano: gatas, letse; Chamicuro: tensa; Chechen: шура; Cherokee: ᎤᏅᏗ; Cheyenne: matana; Chichewa: mkaka; Chinese Cantonese: 奶, 乳; Dungan: нэзы; Mandarin: 奶, 乳, 乳汁, 牛乳; Min Nan: 奶; Wu: 乳, 奶; Chukchi: лывээръын; Chuukese: minik; Chuvash: сӗт; Classical Nahuatl: chīchīhualāyōtl; Coptic Bohairic: ⲉⲣⲱϯ; Sahidic: ⲉⲣⲱⲧⲉ; Cornish: leth; Corsican: latti; Cree: ᒎᒎᔑᓈᐴ; Crimean Tatar: süt; Czech: mléko; Danish: mælk; Dargwa: ниъ; Dhivehi: ކިރު; Dogrib: ejietʼò; Dutch: [[melk]]; Dzongkha: འོ་མ; Elfdalian: mjok; Erzya: ловсо; Esperanto: lakto; Estonian: piim; Even: өкэнь; Evenki: укумни; Ewe: notsi; Extremaduran: lechi; Faroese: mjólk; Fataluku: ami; Finnish: maito; French: [[lait]]; Friulian: lat; Fulani: kosam; Gagauz: süt; Galician: leite; Garhwali: दूद; Ge'ez: ሐሊብ; Georgian: რძე; German: [[Milch]]; Alemannic German: Milch; Pennsylvania German: Millich; Gilbertese: miriki; Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌺𐍃; Greek: [[γάλα]]; Ancient Greek: [[γάλα]], [[γλάγος]]; Greenlandic: immuk; Guaraní: kamby; Guinea-Bissau Creole: liti; Gujarati: દૂધ; Haitian Creole: lèt; Hausa: madara, nono; Hawaiian: waiū; Hebrew: חָלָב; Hindi: दूध, शीर; Hungarian: tej; Icelandic: mjólk; Ido: lakto; Indonesian: susu; Ingrian: maito; Ingush: шура; Interlingua: lacte; Inuktitut: ᐃᒻᒧᒃ; Inupiaq: immuk; Irish: bainne; Old Irish: lacht, bainne; Isnag: xatta; Italian: [[latte]]; Japanese: 乳, 乳汁, ミルク, 牛乳; Javanese: susu; Jingpho: chyu; Jumjum: aak; Kabardian: шэ; Kalmyk: үсн; Kambaata: ado; Kannada: ಹಾಲು; Kanuri: câm; Karachay-Balkar: сют; Karelian: maido; Kashmiri: دۄد, द्वद; Kashubian: mlékò; Kazakh: сүт; Ket: mamul; Khakas: сӱт; Khmer: ទឹកដោះ, ទឹកដោះគោ; Kikuyu: iria; Komi-Permyak: йӧв; Konkani: दूद; Korean: 젖, 유즙(乳汁), 밀크, 우유(牛乳); Kurdish Central Kurdish: شیر; Northern Kurdish: şîr; Kyrgyz: сүт; Laboya: huhhu; Ladakhi: འོ་མ; Ladino: leche; Lahnda: ਦੁੱਧ; Lakota: asáŋpi; Lao: ນ້ຳນົມ, ນົມ; Latgalian: pīns; Latin: [[lac]]; Latvian: piens; Laz: ბჯა; Lezgi: нек; Lhao Vo: nug', nung: nug'; Ligurian: læte; Limburgish: mèlk; Lingala: míliki; Lithuanian: pienas; Livonian: sēmḑa; Lombard: latt, lacc; Low German Dutch Low Saxon: melk; German Low German: Melk; Lü: ᦓᧄᧉᦓᦳᧄᧉ, ᦓᧄᧉᦓᦳᧄᧉᦷᦣ; Luxembourgish: Mëllech; Macedonian: млеко; Maguindanao: gatas; Makasae: amirae; Malay: susu; Malayalam: പാൽ; Maltese: ħalib; Manchu: ᠰᡠᠨ; Manx: bainney; Maori: waiū, miraka; Maranao: gatas; Marathi: दूध; Mari Eastern Mari: шӧр; Western Maricopa: ma; Minangkabau: dadiah; Mingrelian: ბჟა; Mirandese: lheite; Mòcheno: milch; Moksha: лофца; Mon: ဍာ်တှ်; Mongolian Cyrillic: сүү; Mongolian: ᠰᠦᠨ, ᠰᠦ᠋; Moroccan Amazigh: ⴰⵛⴼⴼⴰⵢ, ⴰⴽⵯⴼⴰⵢ, ⴰⵖⵖⵓ, ⴰⵖⵓ; Mwani: masiwa; Navajo: abeʼ; Neapolitan: latte; Nepali: दुध, दूध; Newar: दुरु; Ngarrindjeri: ngumperi; Norman: lait; Norn: likk; North Frisian: molke; Norwegian Bokmål: melk, mjølk; Nynorsk: mjølk; Occitan: lach, lait; Odia: କ୍ଷୀର, ଦୁଧ; Ojibwe: doodooshaaboo; Okinawan: うしぬちー; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: млѣко; Glagolitic: ⰿⰾⱑⰽⱁ; Old East Slavic: молоко; Old English: meolc; Old Portuguese: leite, leyte; Old Prussian: daddan; Old Tupi: kamby; Oromo: aannan; Osage: paazénii; Ossetian: ӕхсыр; Ottoman Turkish: سوت, حلیب, لبن, شیر; Pali: duddha, khīra; Pashto: شيدې; Persian Dari: شِیر; Iranian Persian: شیر; Phoenician: 𐤇𐤋𐤁; Piedmontese: làit; Pirahã: xíbogi; Pitjantjatjara: ipi, milka; Plautdietsch: Malkj; Polabian: mlåkă; Polish: mleko; Portuguese: [[leite]]; Punjabi: ਦੁੱਧ; Quechua: wilali; Rohingya: dut; Romagnol: làt, lat; Romani: thud; Romanian: lapte; Romansch: latg, lat; Russian: [[молоко]]; Rwanda-Rundi: amata; Saho: xan; Sami Inari Sami: mielkki; Kildin Sami: ма̄ййт; Northern Sami: mielki; Skolt Sami: mieˊlǩǩ; Samoan: susu; Samogitian: pėins; Sanskrit: दुग्ध, क्षीर, पायस; Santali: ᱛᱳᱚ; Sardinian: late, lati; Saterland Frisian: Molk; Scots: milk; Scottish Gaelic: bainne; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: млеко, млијеко, млико; Roman: mléko, mlijéko, mlíko; Shan: ၼမ်ႉၼူမ်း; Sherpa: འོ་མ; Shona: mukaka; Shor: сӱт; Sicilian: latti; Sidamo: ado; Sindhi: شير; Sinhalese: කිරි; Slovak: mlieko; Slovene: mleko; Somali: caano; Sorbian Lower Sorbian: mloko; Upper Sorbian: mloko; Sotho: lebese; Southern Altai: сӱт; Spanish: [[leche]]; Sumerian: 𒂵; Sundanese: susu; Svan: ლჷჯე; Swahili: maziwa; Swedish: mjölk; Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠗ; Tagalog: gatas; Tahitian: ha'ari; Tajik: шир; Talysh: شت; Tamil: பால்; Tarifit: aɣi; Tatar: сөт; Tausug: gatas; Telugu: పాలు, క్షీరము; Ternate: susu; Tetum: susubeen; Thai: น้ำนม, นม; Tibetan: འོ་མ; Tigrinya: ጸባ; Tocharian A: malke; Tocharian B: malkwer; Tok Pisin: susu; Tongan: hu'akau; Tswana: maši; Tulu: ಪೇರ್; Turkish: süt; Turkmen: süýt; Tuvan: сүт; Udmurt: йӧл; Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎍𐎁; Ukrainian: молоко; Urdu: دُودھ, شِیر; Uyghur: سۈت; Uzbek: sut; Venda: mafhi, mukhaha; Venetian: lat; Veps: maid; Vietnamese: sữa; Vilamovian: myłich; Volapük: milig; Võro: piim; Walloon: laecea; Waray-Waray: gatas; Welsh: llaeth, llefrith; West Frisian: molke; White Hmong: mis; Wolof: meew; Wutunhua: naize; Xhosa: ubisi; Yagara: ammoo; Yakan: gatas; Yakut: үүт; Yao: wuma; Yiddish: מילך; Yoruba: wàrà; Yup'ik: muluk'uuq; Zazaki: şıt; Zhuang: cij, neq, maknah; Zulu: ubisi; ǃXóõ: gǂqhèẽ | ||
===[[wet nurse]]=== | ===[[wet nurse]]=== | ||
Arabic: ظِئْر, دَايَة; Gulf Arabic: داية; Armenian: ծծմայր, ստնտու; Belarusian: кармі́целька; Bulgarian: кърмачка, дойка; Catalan: dida, dida seca, nodrissa; Chinese Mandarin: 乳母, 奶媽／奶妈; Czech: kojná; Danish: amme; Dutch: [[zoogmoeder]], [[min]]; Esperanto: nutristino; English: [[wet-nurse]], [[wet nurse]], [[wetnurse]]; Estonian: amm; Faroese: bróstmóðir; Finnish: imettäjä; French: [[nourrice]]; Galician: ama, ama de leite; German: [[Säugamme]], [[Amme]]; Greek: [[τροφός]], [[παραμάνα]]; Ancient Greek: [[αἶα]], [[ἀμμά]], [[ἀμμία]], [[βαΐα]], [[βυζάστρια]], [[γάλα]], [[γαλοῦχος]], [[γυνὴ τροφῖτις]], [[θηλάστρια]], [[τηθή]], [[τήθη]], [[τιθήνη]], [[τίτθη]], [[τροφῖτις]], [[τροφός]]; Gurani: دایانە; Hebrew: מֵינֶקֶת; Hungarian: szoptatós, dajka; Icelandic: brjóstmóðir; Irish: banaltra chíche, bean oiliúna, bean altrama; Italian: [[balia]]; Japanese: 乳母; Khmer: មេដោះ; Korean: 유모(乳母); Kurdish Central Kurdish: دایان, دایەن; Northern Kurdish: dayan, dayîn; Latin: [[nutrix]], [[altrix]]; Latvian: zīdītāja; Livonian: äm; Macedonian: доилка, дојница; Malay: ibu susuan; Middle English: norice; Mon: မိဂမဴတှ်, ၝဲဂမဴ; Norwegian Bokmål: amme; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: баба; Polish: mamka; Portuguese: [[ama-de-leite]]; Romanian: doică; Russian: [[кормилица]], [[мамка]]; Sardinian Campidanese: dida; Logudorese: tatàya; Sassarese: tadàia; Scottish Gaelic: muime-chìche; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: до̀јӣља; Roman: dòjīlja; Sicilian: mammana, nurrizza; Slovak: kojná, dojka; Slovene: dojílja; Spanish: [[nodriza]]; Sranan Tongo: mena; Sundanese: ᮞᮥᮞ᮪ᮒᮨᮁ ᮘᮞᮩᮂ; Swedish: amma; Tagalog: sisiwa, mamay; Thai: แม่นม; Tibetan: ནུ་སྦྱིན་མ་ཚབ; Turkish: sütanne; Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎌𐎐𐎖𐎚; Ukrainian: годувальниця, годівниця, мамка; Vietnamese: vú nuôi; Volapük: sügan, hisügan, jisügan, miligafat, miligamot; Yiddish: אַם, זייגערין | Arabic: ظِئْر, دَايَة; Gulf Arabic: داية; Armenian: ծծմայր, ստնտու; Belarusian: кармі́целька; Bulgarian: кърмачка, дойка; Catalan: dida, dida seca, nodrissa; Chinese Mandarin: 乳母, 奶媽／奶妈; Czech: kojná; Danish: amme; Dutch: [[zoogmoeder]], [[min]]; Esperanto: nutristino; English: [[wet-nurse]], [[wet nurse]], [[wetnurse]]; Estonian: amm; Faroese: bróstmóðir; Finnish: imettäjä; French: [[nourrice]]; Galician: ama, ama de leite; German: [[Säugamme]], [[Amme]]; Greek: [[τροφός]], [[παραμάνα]]; Ancient Greek: [[αἶα]], [[ἀμμά]], [[ἀμμία]], [[ἀμμίη]], [[βαΐα]], [[βυζάστρια]], [[γάλα]], [[γαλοῦχος]], [[γυνὴ τροφῖτις]], [[θηλάστρια]], [[θηλονή]], [[θηλώ]], [[θρέπτειρα]], [[μαῖα]], [[τηθή]], [[τήθη]], [[τιθήνα]], [[τιθήνη]], [[τιθηνός]], [[τίτθη]], [[τροφίμη]], [[τροφῖτις]], [[τροφός]]; Gurani: دایانە; Hebrew: מֵינֶקֶת; Hungarian: szoptatós, dajka; Icelandic: brjóstmóðir; Irish: banaltra chíche, bean oiliúna, bean altrama; Italian: [[balia]]; Japanese: 乳母; Khmer: មេដោះ; Korean: 유모(乳母); Kurdish Central Kurdish: دایان, دایەن; Northern Kurdish: dayan, dayîn; Latin: [[nutrix]], [[altrix]]; Latvian: zīdītāja; Livonian: äm; Macedonian: доилка, дојница; Malay: ibu susuan; Middle English: norice; Mon: မိဂမဴတှ်, ၝဲဂမဴ; Norwegian Bokmål: amme; Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic: баба; Polish: mamka; Portuguese: [[ama-de-leite]]; Romanian: doică; Russian: [[кормилица]], [[мамка]]; Sardinian Campidanese: dida; Logudorese: tatàya; Sassarese: tadàia; Scottish Gaelic: muime-chìche; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: до̀јӣља; Roman: dòjīlja; Sicilian: mammana, nurrizza; Slovak: kojná, dojka; Slovene: dojílja; Spanish: [[nodriza]]; Sranan Tongo: mena; Sundanese: ᮞᮥᮞ᮪ᮒᮨᮁ ᮘᮞᮩᮂ; Swedish: amma; Tagalog: sisiwa, mamay; Thai: แม่นม; Tibetan: ནུ་སྦྱིན་མ་ཚབ; Turkish: sütanne; Ugaritic: 𐎎𐎌𐎐𐎖𐎚; Ukrainian: годувальниця, годівниця, мамка; Vietnamese: vú nuôi; Volapük: sügan, hisügan, jisügan, miligafat, miligamot; Yiddish: אַם, זייגערין | ||
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