ψῆφος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. [[ψᾶφος]], Aeol. [[ψᾶφαξ]], ἡ, gen. pl.<br><span class="bld">A</span> ψηφάων Man.4.448: ([[ψάω]]):—a [[small]] [[round]] [[worn]] [[stone]], [[pebble]], [[ψᾶφος]] ἑλισσομένα Pi.''O.'' 10(11).9; ὡς μὰν σαφές οὐκ ἂν εἰδείην λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν = [[so]] [[would]] I [[not]] [[know]] [[clearly]] [[how]] to [[say]] the [[number]] of [[pebble]]s in the [[sea]] ib.13.46; <b class="b3">ψήφῳ μούνῃ διατετρανέεις</b> = a [[stone]] will [[hardly]] [[break]] them opp. <b class="b3">μόγις ἂν λίθῳ παίσας διαρρήξειας</b>, Hdt. 3.12; [[ψῆφος ἄμμου]] = a [[grain]] of [[sand]], [[LXX]] ''Si.''18.10.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[precious stone]], [[gem]], Philostr.''VA''3.27; esp. worn in a [[ring]], Luc.''DMeretr.''9.<br><span class="bld">II</span> acc. to the various uses made of such pebbles:<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[pebble]] used for [[reckoning]], [[counter]], <b class="b3">λογίζεσθαι ψήφοις</b> [[calculate]] or [[reckon]] by [[abacus]], [[cipher]], Hdt.2.36, etc.: hence to reckon [[exactly]] or [[accurately]], opp. <b class="b3">ἀπὸ χειρὸς λογίζεσθαι</b>, Ar.''V.''656 (anap.); οὐ τιθεὶς ψήφους D.18.229; ἐν ψήφῳ λέγειν A.''Ag.''570; ἐν ψήφου λόγῳ θέσθαι E.''Rh.'' 309: metaph., ταῖς τοῦ συμφέροντος ψήφοις μετρεῖν τὰς ἔχθρας καὶ τὰς φιλίας Plb.2.47.5: hence [[ψῆφος]] itself for a [[cipher]], [[number]], <b class="b3">πὸτ ἄρτιον</b> (''[[sc.]]'' ἀριθμὸν) [[ποτθέμειν]] . . ψᾶφον Epich.170: pl., [[account]]s, <b class="b3">καθαραὶ ψῆφος</b>, where there is an [[exact]] [[balance]], D.18.227; οἱ περὶ τὰς ψ. [[calculator]]s, Alciphr.1.26; ψήφων [[ἄπειρος]] Plu.2.812e; <b class="b3">δακτυλικὴ ψῆφος</b> [[reckoning]] on the [[finger]]s, ''AP''11.290 (Pall.); of [[astrological]] [[calculation]]s, Vett.Val.10.15, al.<br><span class="bld">b</span> in Magic, <b class="b3">κατέχων τὴν ψῆφος</b> (i. e. the object on which the [[number]] is written) [[λέγε]] . . ''PMag.Par.''1.1048, cf. 937.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[pebble]] used for a [[draughtsman]] or [[chessman]], Pl.''R.''487c; κύβος ἐν παιδιᾷ ψήφων Plu.2.427f.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[pebble]] used by [[juggler]]s, ψηφάων παῖκται Man.4.448.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[pebble]] used in [[divination]], ἡ διὰ ψήφων [[μαντική]] Apollod.3.10.2.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[cube]] used in [[mosaic]] [[pavement]]s, Gal.''Protr.''8.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[pebble]] used in [[voting]], ψήφῳ [[ψηφίζεσθαι]] Hdt.9.55; ἐὰν μὴ τῇ ψ… ψηφίσωνται κρύβδην ψηφιζόμενοι D.59.89: hence, the [[vote]] itself, ψῆφον [[φέρειν]] = [[give]] one's [[vote]], ἐν καρδίᾳ ψ. φέροντες A.''Eu.''680, cf. And.1.2, D.57.61, etc.; ὑπέρ τινος Lycurg.7; περί τινος Id.11, etc.; ψήφου φορά E.''Supp.''484; ψῆφον [[τίθεσθαι]] = [[ψηφίζεσθαι]], Hdt.8.123, cf. 6.57; εἰς τεῦχος . . ψήφους ἔθεντο A.''Ag.''816; c. inf., Hdt.3.73; ψῆφον [[προσθέσθαι]] Th.1.40; ψήφῳ [[διαιρεῖν]] = to [[determine]] [[by vote]], A.''Eu.''630; <b class="b3">ψήφῳ κρίνειν</b>, Th.1.87, etc.; μεταλαβὼν τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψ. Pl.''Ap.''36b, cf. Lex ap.D.21.47: in collect. sense, <b class="b3">ἐχρῆν . . ψ. περὶ αὐτοῦ γενέσθαι</b> a [[vote]] is taken, Antipho 5.47; ἡ καθαιροῦσα ψῆφος Lys.13.37; ἡ σῴζουσα ψῆφος D.19.66; <b class="b3">οἷς ἂν πλείστη γένηται ψῆφος</b> a [[majority]] of [[vote]]s, Pl.''Lg.''759d: <b class="b3">τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγειν</b> to [[put]] the [[vote]] or [[question]], of the [[president]], Th.1.119, 125; ψῆφον δοῦναι περί τινος ''IG''22.222.24, cf. D.21.188; ψ. ἀναδοὺς περί τινος App.''BC''1.100; so ψ. περὶ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ προτεθεῖσαν D.19.65; [[διένεμον]] ([[variae lectiones|vv.ll.]] [[διενέμοντο]], [[ἔφερον]]) <b class="b3"> τὰς ψῆφος</b> were [[casti]]ng their [[vote]]s, Hdt.8.123; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ψήφου μιᾶς</b> with one [[accord]], Ar.''Lys.''270; <b class="b3">ψῆφος φανερά</b> [[open]] [[voting]], ψῆφον φανερὰν [[διενεγκεῖν]] Th.4.74; τὴν ψῆφον οὐκ εἰς καδίσκους ἀλλὰ φανερὰν ἐπὶ τὰς τραπέζας [[τίθεσθαι]] Lys.13.37, cf. Pl.''Lg.''767d, 855d; opp. ψῆφος [[ἀφανής]] = [[voting]] by [[ballot]], Aeschin.3.233; [[κρύβδην]] τὴν ψῆφον [[φέρειν]] Arist. ''Rh.Al.''1433a23, cf. 1424b2, ''Ath.''69.1.<br><span class="bld">b</span> that which is carried by [[vote]], a [[vote]], <b class="b3">ψῆφος καταγνώσεως</b> a [[vote]] of [[condemnation]], Th.3.82; <b class="b3">ψῆφος αὐτῷ ἐπῆκτο περὶ φυγῆς</b> a [[vote]] of [[banishment]] was [[move]]d for against him, X.''An.''7.7.57, cf. A.''Th.''198; ψήφῳ πόλεως γνωσθεῖσαι Id.''Supp.''7 (anap.):—hence,<br><span class="bld">c</span> any [[resolve]] or [[decree]], ψῆφος τυράννων S.''Ant.''60; <b class="b3">λιθίνα ψᾶφος</b> a [[decree]] written on [[stone]], Pi.''O.''7.87; <b class="b3">διδοῖ ψᾶφον περ' αὐτᾶς</b> [the oak] gives [[judgement]] of itself, Id.''P.''4.265; <b class="b3">ψ. φλεγυρὰ βροτῶν</b>, i. e. [[public opinion]], Cratin.57 (lyr.); <b class="b3">τίν' ἂν ψῆφον θεῖο;</b> [[what]] [[judgment]] . . ? Pl.''Prt.''330c, cf. ''R.''450a; ἡ ἐμὴ ψῆφος Id.''Phlb.'' 57a.<br><span class="bld">d</span> [[Ἀθηνᾶς ψῆφος]], [[calculus Minervae]], [[proverb|prov.]] phrase to express [[acquittal]], when the votes were even, Philostr.''VS''2.3.<br><span class="bld">e</span> [[ψῆφος]] is sometimes omitted, κἂν ἴσαι γένωνται Ar.''Ra.''685 (lyr.); πάσαις κρατεῖν Luc.Bis Acc.18, cf. 22.<br><span class="bld">f</span> [[Διὸς ψῆφος]] (ψῆφοι Hsch.), [[proverb|prov.]] <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἀθίκτων</b>, of the [[scene]] of [[contest]] between [[Athena]] and [[Poseidon]], Suid., etc.<br><span class="bld">g</span> [[Κόννου ψῆφος]], [[negligible]] [[quantity]], [[cipher]], Ar.''V.''675 (anap.), cf. [[Κοννᾶς]].<br><span class="bld">6</span> [[place of voting]], [[tribunal]], E.''IT''945, ''El.'' 1263.<br><span class="bld">7</span> metaph., [[influence]], [[πόλις]] μεγάλην ψῆφον ἔχουσα Lib.''Or.''18.13.<br><span class="bld">8</span> [[judgement]] as a [[faculty]], ψῆφον ὀρθήν Lib.Ep.19.10.

|mdlsjtxt=[[ψῆφος]], δοριξ [[ψᾶφος]], ἡ, [ψάω]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> a [[small]] [[stone]], a [[pebble]], rubbed and [[rounded]] in [[river]]-beds or on the sea-[[shore]], Lat. [[calculus]], Pind., Hdt.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> a [[pebble]] used for [[reckoning]], a [[counter]], ψήφοις λογίζεσθαι to [[calculate]] by [[arithmetic]], to [[cipher]], Hdt.; [[hence]] to [[reckon]] [[exactly]] or [[accurately]], Ar.; ἐν ψήφῳ λέγειν Aesch.:— in plural accounts, καθαραὶ ψῆφοι an [[exact]] [[balance]], Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> a [[pebble]] used for playing at [[draughts]], Plat.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> a [[pebble]] used in voting, [[which]] was thrown [[into]] the voting-urn (ὑδρίἀ, Hdt., [[attic]]; ψῆφον φέρειν to [[give]] one's [[vote]], Lat. [[suffragium]] ferre, Aesch., etc.; so, ψῆφον τίθεσθαι Hdt.:— ψήφῳ κρίνειν, διακρίνειν to [[determine]] by [[vote]], Thuc., etc.:—in [[collective]] [[sense]], ψ. γίγνεται [[περί]] τινος a [[vote]] is taken, [[Antipho]].; ἡ σώζουσα, ἡ καθαιροῦσα [[ψῆφος]] the [[vote]] of [[acquittal]], of condemnation, Lys., Dem.:— τὴν ψῆφον ἐπάγειν to put the [[vote]] or [[question]], like ἐπιψηφίζειν, Thuc. b. that [[which]] is carried by [[vote]], ψ. καταγνώσεως a [[vote]] of condemnation, Thuc.; [[ψῆφος]] περὶ φυγῆς a [[vote]] of [[banishment]], Xen. c. any [[resolve]] or [[decree]], e. g. of a [[king]], Soph.; λιθίνα [[ψᾶφος]] a [[decree]] written on [[stone]], Pind.; [[διδοῖ]] ψᾶφον παρ' αὐτᾶς [the oak] gives [[judgment]] of itself, Pind. d. [[ψῆφος]] Ἀθηνᾶς, [[calculus]] Minervae, a [[proverb]]. [[phrase]] to [[express]] [[acquittal]].—the [[vote]] by [[ψῆφος]], [[ballot]], must be [[distinguished]] from that by [[κύαμος]], lot; the [[former]] [[being]] used in trials, the [[latter]] in elections.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> the [[place]] of voting (as πεσσοί for the [[place]] of [[play]]), Eur.

|trtx=Afrikaans: spoelklippie, kiesel; Albanian: çakëll, hakëll; Arabic: حَصَاة‎; Egyptian Arabic: حصوة‎; Hijazi Arabic: حَصْوة‎; Aromanian: chitritseauã; Brunei Malay: batu; Bulgarian: гладко камъче; Catalan: còdol, mac; Chinese Cantonese: 石仔; Mandarin: 礫石, 砾石, 石子, 卵石, 鵝卵石, 鹅卵石; Classical Nahuatl: ātōyātetl; Czech: oblázek; Danish: ral; Dutch: [[kiezel]]; Esperanto: ŝtoneto; Estonian: veeris; Finnish: pikkukivi; Franco-Provençal: calyou; French: [[galet]], [[caillou]]; Galician: seixo, pelouro, louro, callau, sento, radego, brello, candollo, xógara, salavedro, coio, rebo; Georgian: კენჭი; German: [[Stein]], [[Steinchen]], [[Kiesel]], [[Kieselstein]]; Ancient Greek: [[ψῆφος]], [[χάλιξ]]; Hebrew: חַלּוּק‎; Hindi: पथ्थर; Hungarian: kavics; Icelandic: steinn; Ido: stono, stoneto; Indonesian: kerikil; Irish: méaróg; Italian: [[ciottolo]]; Japanese: 小石; Kazakh: жұмыр тас; Korean: 자갈; Kurdish Central Kurdish: زیخ‎; Northern Kurdish: zixir; Latgalian: ūļs, akmisteņš; Latin: [[calculus]], [[lapillus]]; Latvian: olis; Luxembourgish: Wak, Kiselsteen; Macedonian: камче; Maltese: ċagħqa; Navajo: tséʼáwózí; Norman: galet, galot; Norwegian Bokmål: småstein, småsten; Nynorsk: småstein; Persian: سنگریزه‎, ریگ‎; Polish: kamyk, kamyczek; Portuguese: [[seixo]], [[pedregulho]], [[pedrinha]]; Romanian: pietricică, pietriș, prundiș; Russian: [[галька]]; Scottish Gaelic: dèideag; Slovak: okruhliak; Spanish: [[guijarro]], [[canto pelado]], [[canto rodado]], [[china]]; Swedish: småsten; Tagalog: mikbato; Tajik: шағал; Thai: กรวด; Turkish: çakıl; Ukrainian: галька; Welsh: carreg gron; Yiddish: שטײנד‎