σῶμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=σώματος, τό (Arc. dat. pl.<br><span class="bld">A</span> σωμάτεσι ''IG''5(2).357.156 (Stymphalus, iii B.C.)), [[body]] of [[man]] or [[beast]], but in Hom., as Aristarch. remarks (v. Apollon.''Lex.''), always [[dead body]], [[corpse]] (whereas the [[living]] [[body]] is [[δέμας]]), ὥς τε λέων ἐχάρη μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ σώματι κύρσας Il.3.23, cf. 18.161; ς. δὲ οἴκαδ' ἐμὸν δόμεναι πάλιν 7.79; σ. κατελείπομεν [[ἄθαπτος|ἄθαπτον]] Od.11.53; ὦν . . σώματ' ἀκηδέα κεῖται 24.187; so also in Hes.''Sc.''426, Simon.119, Pi.''O.''9.34, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]7.167, Posidon.14 J., ''Ev.Marc.''15.43, etc.; τὸ σῶμα τοῦ τεθνεῶτος Pl.''R.''469d, cf. ''Grg.''524c, D.43.65; σ. νεκρόν ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''51.7 (ii A.D.); [[νεκρὸν σῶμα]] Gal.18(2).93, cf. [[νεκρός]] II.1; μέγιστον σῶμα δειλαίας σποδοῦ = σῶμα μέγιστον ὃ νῦν [[σποδός]] ἐστι, S.''El.''758; also later, Wilcken ''Chr.''499 (ii/iii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> the [[living body]], Hes.''Op.''540, Batr.44, Thgn.650, Pi.''O.''6.56, ''P.''8.82, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.139, etc.; δόμοι καὶ σώματα A.''Th.''896 (lyr.); [[γενναῖος]] τῷ σώματι S.''Ph.''51; [[εὔρωστος]] τὸ σῶμα X.''HG''6.1.6; [[τὸ σῶμα σῴζειν]] or [[τὸ σῶμα σῴζεσθαι]] = [[save one's life]], D.22.55, Th.1.136; [[τὸ σῶμα διασῴζειν]] or [[τὸ σῶμα διασῴζεσθαι]] Isoc.6.46, X.''An.''5.5.13; περὶ πολλῶν σωμάτων καὶ χρημάτων [[βουλεύειν]] Th.1.85; [[περὶ τοῦ σώματος ἀγωνίζεσθαι]] = [[fight for one's life]], Lys.5.1; [[ἔχειν τὸ σῶμα κακῶς]], [[ἔχειν τὸ σῶμα ὡς βέλτιστα]], etc., to [[be in a bad state of bodily health]], [[be in a good state of bodily health]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.12.1, 3.12.5.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[body]], opp. [[spirit]] ([[εἴδωλον]]), Pi.''Fr.''131; opp. [[soul]] ([[ψυχή]]), Pl.''Grg.''493a, ''Phd.''91d; <b class="b3">τὰ τοῦ σώματος ἔργα</b> [[bodily]] [[labour]]s, [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]'' 2.8.2; [[αἱ τοῦ σώματος ἡδοναί]], [[αἱ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα ἡδοναί]] = [[bodily pleasures]], ib.1.5.6, Pl.''R.''328d; [[τὰ εἰς τὸ σῶμα τιμήματα]] = [[bodily punishments]], Aeschin.2.139; τὰ εἰς τὸ σῶμα [[ἀδίκημα|ἀδικήματα]] ''PHal.''1.193 (iii B.C.) .<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[animal body]], opp. [[plants]], Pl.''R.'' 564a (pl.); but of plants, ''1 Ep.Cor.''15.38.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[civic rights]] (like Lat. [[caput]]), Lys.23.12; <b class="b3">ἄτιμοι τὰ σώματα</b> And.1.74; <b class="b3">μέρος ἠτιμῶσθαι τοῦ σώματος</b> D.51.12.<br><span class="bld">6</span> in [[NT]], of the [[sacramental]] [[body]] of [[Christ]], τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ σῶμα μου ''Ev.Matt.''26.26, cf. ''1 Ep.Cor.''10.16.<br><span class="bld">b</span> of the [[body]] of Christ's church, οἱ πολλοὶ ἓν σ. ἐσμεν ἐν Χριστῷ ''Ep.Rom.''12.5; <b class="b3">ἡ ἐκκλησία ἥτις ἐστὶ τὸ σῶμα [τοῦ Χριστοῦ]</b> ''Ep.Eph.''1.23.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[periphrasis]], [[ἀνθρώπου σῶμα ἓν οὐδέν]] = [[ἄνθρωπος]] οὐδὲ [[εἷς]] (no single person), [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.32; especially in Trag., <b class="b3">σῶμα θηρός</b>, = [[θήρ]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Coloneus|OC]]''1568 (lyr.); [[τεκέων σώματα]] = [[τέκνον|τέκνα]], E.''Tr.''201 (lyr.); [[τὸ σὸν σῶμα]] = [[σύ]], Id.''Hec.''301; rarely in sg. of many persons, σῶμα τέκνων Id.''Med.''1108 (anap.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> a [[person]], [[human being]], <b class="b3">τὰ πολλὰ σώματα</b>, = [[οἱ πολλοί]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Antigone|Ant.]]''676; <b class="b3">λευκὰ γήρᾳ σώματα</b> E. ''HF''909 (lyr.); σ. [[ἄδικος|ἄδικα]] Id.''Supp.''223, cf. [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''908a, ''PSI'' 4.359.9 366.7 (iii B.C.), etc.; <b class="b3">ἑκάστου τοῦ σώματος</b>, ''IG''12.22.14; [[κατὰ σῶμα]] = [[per person]], PRev.Laws50.9 (iii B.C.); καταστήσαντες τὸ σῶμα ἀφείσθωσαν τῆς ἐγγύης ''PMich.Zen.''70.12 (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἐργαζομένη αὑτῇ τῷ ἰδίῳ σώματι</b> [[work]]ing for [[herself]], [[earn]]ing her own [[living]], ''PEnteux.''26.7 (iii B.C.); [[τὰ φίλτατα σώματα]], of [[children]], Aeschin.3.78; freq. of slaves, <b class="b3">αἰχμάλωτα σώματα</b> D.20.77, ''IG''12(7).386.25 (Amorgos, iii B.C.), ''SIG''588.64 (Milet., ii B.C.), etc.; <b class="b3">οἰκετικὰ σώματα</b> Lexap.Aeschin.1.16, cf. ''SIG''633.88 (Milet., ii B.C.); δοῦλα Poll.3.78; <b class="b3">ἐλεύθερα σώματα</b> X.''HG''2.1.19, Plb.2.6.6, etc.; later, [[σῶμα]] is used abs. for a [[slave]], PHib.1.54.20 (iii B.C.), Plb.12.16.5, ''Apoc.''18.13, etc.; σ. γυναικεῖον, ᾇ ὄνομα . . ''GDI''2154.6 (Delph., ii B.C.); a usage censured by Poll.l.c. and Phryn.355; also of [[troops]], τὴν τῶν σωμάτων σύνταξιν Aen.Tact.1.1; μηχανήμασιν ἢ σώμασιν [[ἐναντιοῦσθαι]] ὧδε Id.32.1.<br><span class="bld">III</span> generally, a [[body]], i.e. any [[corporeal]] [[substance]], <b class="b3">δεῖ αὐτὸ</b> (''[[sc.]]'' <b class="b3">τὸ ὄν</b>) σ. μὴ ἔχειν Meliss.9; ἢ μέγεθός ἐστιν ἢ σ. ἐστιν Gorg.3; [[σῶμα ἄψυχον]], [[σῶμα ἔμψυχον]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''245e, cf. ''Plt.''288e, Arist.''Ph.''265b29, al.; ὁ λίθος σ. ἐστι Luc.''Vit.Auct.''25; φασὶν οἱ μὲν σ. εἶναι τὸν χρόνον, οἱ δὲ ἀσώματον S.E.''M.''10.215; <b class="b3">κυκλικὸν σῶμα</b>, of one of the [[sphere]]s, Jul.''Or.''5.162b, al.; <b class="b3">τὸ πέμπτον σῶμα</b> the [[fifth]] [[element]], Philol.12, ''[[Placita Philosophorum|Placit.]]''1.3.22, Jul.''Or.''4.132c; [[metallic]] [[substance]], Olymp. Alch.p.71 B.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Math., [[figure]] of [[three]] [[dimension]]s, [[solid]], opp. a [[surface]], etc., Arist.''Top.''142b24, ''Metaph.''1020a14, al.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> the [[body]] or [[whole]] of a thing, especially of [[complete]] [[part]]s of the [[body]], τὸ σῶμα τῶν νεφρῶν Id.''HA''497a9; τὰ σ. τῶν αἰσθητηρίων Id.''GA''744b24; <b class="b3">τὸ σῶμα τῆς γαστρός, τὸ σῶμα τῆς κοιλίας</b>, Gal.15.667,806; σ. παιδοποιόν Ael.''NA''17.42: generally, the [[whole]] [[body]] or [[frame]] of a thing, ὑπὸ σώματι γᾶς A.''Th.'' 947 (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὸ σῶμα τοῦ παντός, τὸ σῶμα τοῦ κόσμου</b>, Pl.''Ti.''31b. 32c; <b class="b3">ὕδωρ, ποταμοῦ σῶμα</b> Chaerem.17; [[τὸ σῶμα τῆς πίστεως]] = [[the body of the proof]], i.e. [[argument]]s, Arist.''Rh.''1354a15; τῆς λέξεως Longin.''Rh.''p.188 H.; of a [[body]] of [[writing]]s, Cic.''Att.''2.1.4; [[text]] of a [[document]], opp. [[ὑπογραφή]], ''BGU''187.12 (ii A.D.), cf. ''PFay.''34.20 (ii A.D.); of a [[will]], ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''494.30 (ii A.D.).<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ξύλα σώματα</b> [[log]]s, opp. [[κλάδος|κλάδοι]], ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1738.3 (iii A.D.); σ. μέγα περσέας ''CPHerm.''7 ii 27, cf. iii 8 (iii A.D.).