σπεῖρα: Difference between revisions

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Spiros

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 {{elnl
 |elnltext=σπεῖρα -ας, ἡ [~ σπάρτον, σπάργανον] eigenl. iets dat gedraaid, gewonden of gevlochten wordt of is: kronkel:; σπείραισι δικυοκλώστοις in de kronkels van de gevlochten netten Soph. Ant. 346; kronkeling (van slangen). windsel:. σπεῖραι βόειαι boksriemen (repen van runderleer die door boksers om hun handen gewikkeld werden) Theocr. Id. 22.80. marit. kabeltouw (dat achter het schip in het water werd gegooid om de vaart te remmen). Luc. 57.19. milit., afdeling in het Romeinse leger: manipel (Latijn manipulus); cohort (Latijn cohors):. στρατηγὶς σ. cohors praetoria Plut. Ant. 39.2; σπείρης Σεβαστῆς van het cohors Augusta NT Act. Ap. 27.1. bouwk., de ronde basissteen van een zuil: torus.
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+{{etym
+|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">twist, for instance of a snake, of a network, spiral</b>, des. of everal wound or cicular objetcs, e.g. <b class="b2">rope, belt, bead, round base of a pillar</b> (Ion. poet., also hell. a. late prose; v.l. ζ 269); also as military term = Lat. [[manipulus]] (hell.; on the explanation [prop. [[bundle]]] Debrunner IF 48, 244), later = [[cohors]] (inscr. a. pap., Act. Ap. a.o.).<br />Compounds: Some compp., e.g. <b class="b3">σπειρο-κέφαλον</b> n. <b class="b2">base and capital of a column</b>, <b class="b3">ὑπό-σπειρον</b> n. "what lies under the round base", <b class="b2">square slab, πλίνθος</b> (inscr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σπειρ-ίον</b> n. <b class="b2">little column base</b> (Hero); 2. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to a σ.</b> (Hero); 3. <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> (sc. <b class="b3">λίθος</b>) <b class="b2">stone for a column base</b> (inscr. Didyma; Redard 64 w. n. 26, with other interpretation); 4. <b class="b3">-αία</b> f. [[privet]] (Thphr.; from the form of the inflorescence); 5. <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> <b class="b2">in convolutions, in a circle</b> (Opp., AP). 6. denom. verb <b class="b3">σπειρ-άομαι</b>, also w. <b class="b3">περι-</b> a. o., <b class="b2">to convolve</b> (hell. a. late), older <b class="b3">συ-σπειράομαι</b> <b class="b2">to wind, to pull together</b> (Pl., X., Arist. a. o.), also act. <b class="b3">συ-</b>, <b class="b3">περι-σπειράω</b> <b class="b2">to wind, to pull together</b> (hell. pap., D.S. a.o.); from this <b class="b3">σπείρ-αμα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ημα</b> n. <b class="b2">twist, for instance of a snake, band etc.</b> (A., Arist., Nic. a.o.; also enlarged from <b class="b3">σπεῖρα</b>? Chantraine Form. 184). 7. Also (<b class="b3">συ-</b>) <b class="b3">σπειρόομαι</b> <b class="b2">to wind (together)</b> (Hp., Thphr.), act. aor. <b class="b3">σπειρῶσαι</b> <b class="b2">to swathe</b> (Call.; from <b class="b3">σπεῖρον</b>?).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [991] <b class="b2">*sper-</b> [[turn]], [[wind]]<br />Etymology: Like <b class="b3">πεῖρα</b>, <b class="b3">στεῖρα</b>, <b class="b3">μοῖρα</b> feminine <b class="b3">ια-</b>derivation; whether first from a noun or verb, cannot be decided (cf. Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Form. 98 f.). Finally in any case from the same verb [[wind]], [[twine]], which is seen in <b class="b3">σπάρτον</b>, <b class="b3">σπεῖρον</b> and <b class="b3">σπάργανον</b>(?). The primary verb was replaced partly by the secondary <b class="b3">σπειράομαι</b>, <b class="b3">σπαργανόω</b>, partly by other verbs like <b class="b3">εἰλέω</b>, <b class="b3">εἰλύω</b>.
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